ACFrOgBntnYbnviAqN vvD1k097Diyy 5QGRN1GUo9Wm5pGR8 pJF0KMpSguYgaDvtewWabgCHZ

Phy 102: Properties
of Matter & Waves
Professor Dr M Mahbubur Rahman

Department of Physics
Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342
Email: M.Rahman@Juniv.edu
1
Chapter 4: Hydrodynamics
& Viscosity
Topics to Cover for This Chapter
Chapter 4: Hydrodynamics & Viscosity
Lines and tubes of flow; Equation of continuity;
Bernoulli’s equation and its applications; Flow
in a curved duct; Viscosity; Coefficient of
viscosity: Poiseuille’s law; Stokes’ law;
Determination of coefficient of viscosity of
liquids and gases; Variation of viscosity with
temperature.
7 Lectures 2
& Viscosity
Viscosity
3
& Viscosity
Viscosity
An object moving through or on a fluid meets
resistance.
Force causes the fluid to move.
The velocity is proportional to the force. That is,
4
& Viscosity
The resistance tends to keep the fluid in place. (Law
of inertia)
The fluid moves most near the object and least

farther away. This is a velocity gradient.
5
& Viscosity
Newton combined these two proportionalities.
This is the law of viscosity.
The constant, η is the viscosity of the liquid and

depends on the type of fluid.
6
& Viscosity
The
7
& Viscosity
In a nutshell,
প্রবাহীর যে ধর্মের জনয, দুটি সন্নিন্নহত প্রবাহী
স্তর্রর মর্ধয ন্নিযাশীল আর্঩ন্নিক যবর্ের একটি
স্তর অ঩র স্তরর্ক প্রবান্নহত হর্ত বাধা যদয,
তার্কই সান্দ্রতা বলা হয।
8
& Viscosity
Coefficient of Viscosity
9
& Viscosity
10
& Viscosity
11
& Viscosity
12
& Viscosity
13
& Viscosity
14
& Viscosity
15
& Viscosity
16
& Viscosity
Unit and Dimension of Viscosity
17
& Viscosity
18
& Viscosity
19
& Viscosity
Poiseulli’s Theorem
20
& Viscosity
Poiseulli’s Law/Equation
Poiseulli’s equation is an expression for the rate of flow
of a liquid through a narrow tube due to the pressure
difference between the two ends of the tube. In
deriving Poiseulli’s law we need to make the following
assumptions:
1. The tube is perfectly horizontal
2. The liquid flows in streamline fashion
3. There is not radial flow of the liquid, the pressure,
therefore, in accordance with the Bernoulli’s
theorem, is constant over a given cross section of
the tube.
4. The liquid in contact with the walls of the tube is at
21
rest.
& Viscosity
22
& Viscosity
23
& Viscosity
24
& Viscosity
25
& Viscosity
26
NB. For the Fig. 12.1b, please see the text book.
& Viscosity
27
& Viscosity
28
& Viscosity
29
& Viscosity
Poiseulli’s equation is given by,
30
& Viscosity
31
& Viscosity
Home Work
Corrections in Poiseulli’s Equation
32
& Viscosity
1. Correction due to the pressure
2. Correction of length (because the fluid

motion is not uniform/streamline as
assumed)
33
& Viscosity
The corrected relation for the viscosity
will take the following form,
34
& Viscosity
Stoke’s Law
35
& Viscosity
Stoke’s Law
In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression, for the
frictional force (Stokes' drag/force of viscosity/drag force)
exerted on spherical objects by viscous fluid which is known as
the Stoke’s law.
The following assumptions were made by Stoke’s:
1. The liquid is in laminar/streamline flow
2. The body is made up of spherical, and rigid
3. Homogeneous (uniform in composition) material
4. The surfaces of the particles are smooth
5. Particles do not interfere with each other 36
& Viscosity
37
& Viscosity
Object accelerates Upward force of buoyancy

slows the acceleration
38
& Viscosity
39
& Viscosity
Stoke’s law is given by,
40
& Viscosity
41
& Viscosity
(2) 42
& Viscosity
Expression for the Terminal Velocity
43
& Viscosity
44
& Viscosity
45
& Viscosity
46
& Viscosity
Estimating the terminal speed of the ball using Stoke’s Law
If a small spherical body is dropped in a fluid, then
initially it is accelerated under the action of gravity.
However, with an increase in speed, the viscous force
increases and soon it balances the weight of the
body. Now, the body moves with a constant velocity,
called the terminal velocity. Terminal velocity vt is
given by
47
& Viscosity
Estimating the viscosity of a Liquid using Stoke’s Law
Using the following relationship, we can

estimate the viscosity of the liquid
(medium) using Stoke’s theorem
48
& Viscosity
Home Work
Determination of Coefficient of
Viscosity of a Liquid/Gases
49
& Viscosity
Discuss the Variation of

Viscosity with Temperature
50
& Viscosity
Sample Questions and
Home Work
1.
51
& Viscosity
2.
3.
4. State and explain the rate of flow and tube of flow of

fluid. Derive the equation of continuity and explain its
significance.
5. Discuss the various forms of energies associated by

a fluid in motion. State and proof the Bernoulli’s
principle. Discuss the major applications of Bernoulli’s
principle. 52
& Viscosity
6. State and explain Torricelli’s theorem.
7. Write up the Stoke’s law. Using Stoke’s law, derive

an expression for the terminal speed of a spherical ball
falling under the influence of gravity through a viscous
fluid.
8. Define Stoke’s law. Using Stoke’s law, derive an

expression for the coefficient of viscosity of a viscous
fluid.
53
& Viscosity
Please Solve Relevant

Problems from Viscosity
54
55

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Phy 102: Properties

of Matter & Waves

Professor Dr M Mahbubur Rahman

The velocity is proportional to the force. That is,

The fluid moves most near the object and least

Newton combined these two proportionalities.

This is the law of viscosity.

The constant, η is the viscosity of the liquid and

Corrections in Poiseulli’s Equation

1. Correction due to the pressure

2. Correction of length (because the fluid

Object accelerates Upward force of buoyancy

Using the following relationship, we can

Discuss the Variation of

4. State and explain the rate of flow and tube of flow of

5. Discuss the various forms of energies associated by

7. Write up the Stoke’s law. Using Stoke’s law, derive

8. Define Stoke’s law. Using Stoke’s law, derive an

Please Solve Relevant

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