ENGLISH – GRADE 8

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 4 Week: 2 MELC(s): Expand the content of an outline using notes

from primary and secondary sources. (EN8WC-IIIc-1.1.6)
 Title of Textbook/LM to Study: ___________________________________
 Chapter: ___ Pages: ___ Topic: _Primary and Secondary sources of Topic sentences
of an Outline
 Objectives: 1. Identify the different primary and secondary sources use in
expanding topic sentences of an outline.
2. Apply primary and secondary sources in expanding topic sentences.
3. Develop a short composition applying primary and secondary sources.

Let Us Discover

An outline is a tool used to organize written ideas about a topic into a logical order.
Outlines arrange major topics, subtopics, and supporting details. Writers use outlines when
writing their papers in order to know which topic to cover in what order.
The two main types of outlines are the topic outline and the sentence outline. The major
difference between the two is simply that while the headings in a topic outline are only a word or
phrase, the headings in a sentence outline are complete sentences.
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. Sometimes referred to as a
focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the information in the
paragraph.
When you write a speech, or do a research, you have to gather information and evidence from a
variety of sources. The sources of information come from primary and secondary sources.
Primary source is anything that gives you direct, first-hand evidence about the people, events,
or phenomena that you are researching. Primary sources will usually be the main objects of your
analysis.
Secondary source provides second-hand information and commentary from other researchers.
Primary sources are more credible as evidence, but good research uses both primary and
secondary sources.
Primary sources may include:
 letters, correspondence, ships' logs, personal logs
 original documents e.g. birth certificates, trial transcripts
 autobiographies, manuscripts
 interviews, speeches, oral histories
 case law, legislation, regulations, constitutions
 government documents, statistical data, research reports
 a journal article reporting new research, findings, or studies

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  creative art works, literature
 newspaper advertisements and reportage and editorial/opinion pieces
 Photographs and video footage
 Novels and poems
 Paintings and art installations, films and performances
 Social media posts
 Interview transcripts, questionnaires

Photographs diaries interviews

Secondary sources may include:

 articles, research analysis
 textbooks,
 dictionaries and encyclopedias
 books that interpret, analysis on poems, novels
 biographies
 newspaper editorial/opinion pieces
 criticism of literature, art works or music

Articles newspaper editorial textbooks

Let Us Try

Below are topic sentences of sample outlines. Study how the topics can be expanded using primary
and secondary sources.

Topic sentence 1: Human technologies pollute nature, leading to global warming.

Primary Humans use a lot of technologies that produce too much heat and wastes.
Source: Research has consistently shown that the earth suffers too much because of
research technology.

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Topic Sentence 2: Competitive swimming provides the same benefits as other sports.

It is a good exercise and it builds muscular strength.

secondary Swimming provides a great cardio workout while simultaneously being low
source: impact – saving your joints from damage.
article Additionally, swimming builds strength and tone in nearly every muscle
across the body, including in your legs, arms, back, core, and chest.

Let Us Do

Activity 1. A sample sentence outline of an essay is provided on the left box. On the right box, supply
a primary source and a secondary source based from the sentence outline. Refer to the sample
answer provided as a guide. (Answers may vary.)

Adolescence Essay
 Primary source: studies
Secondary source: article
 Primary source:_____________________
Secondary source:___________________
 Primary source:_____________________
Secondary source:___________________
 Primary source:_____________________
Secondary source:___________________

Activity 2. Tell if the topic sentence presented on the following essay is a primary or secondary source.
Underline the letter of the correct answer.

Importance of Good Reading Habits

• An interview to students shows that reading is one of the most important and best habits one
can inculcate.
a. primary source b. secondary source
• The most important reason of reading is that readers always gain knowledge. (article)
a. primary source b. secondary source
• It is a proven by studies that those who have good reading habits show signs of higher
intelligence. a. primary source b. secondary source
• Reading valuable information is important for your overall personal growth and development.
(statistical data) a. primary source b. secondary source
• Pleasure reading builds reading comprehension, increases background knowledge (which is
useful in all content areas), increases student vocabulary skills, and has been shown to increase our
understanding of human behavior and help us to empathize with others (Murphy, 2013).
a. primary source b. secondary source

GSC-CID-LRMS-FLAS, v.r. 01.00, Effective April 5, 2021

 Let Us Apply

Develop a short composition on the danger of COVID-19. Tell the reasons why you should
avoid being infected by it. Supply primary and secondary sources in your paragraphs. A rubric
is given as your guide in composition writing. (Use another sheet of paper)

Rubrics

Points 4 3 2 1
Use of complete All sentences are One sentence is Two sentences Three or more sen-
sentences complete not complete are not complete tences are not complete
Paragraph structure Excellent, compre- Good discussion Fair discussion Paragraph miss to
hensive discussion discuss the key points
Spelling Free of spelling One or two spelling Three spelling Four or more spelling
errors errors errors errors
Grammar, Free of grammar Contains one error Two errors in Three or more errors
Punctuations and punctuation in grammar and grammar and in grammar and
errors. punctuation punctuation punctuation
Capitalization Free of error in One error Two errors Three errors
capitalization

References

https://www.teachervision.com/writing/sample-essay-outlines
https://phdessay.com/reading-is-good-habit-essay/
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/swimming-health-
benefits#competitive-swimming
https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/primary-and-secondary-sources/
https://www.shsu.edu/academics/education/journal-of-multidisciplinary-graduate-
research/documents/2016/WhittenJournalFinal.pdf

SSLM Development Team

Writer: Charina L. Villagantol
Evaluator: Evelyn J. Amora
Illustrator:
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor: Ronnie R. Sunggay / Helen J. Ranan
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum Implementation Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

GSC-CID-LRMS-FLAS, v.r. 01.00, Effective April 5, 2021