Figure 1: Floor Plan

QUESTION 1:
Select suitable reinforcing steel bar diameter (number) to satisfy the minimum spacing
requirements for tension steel based on ACI318. Draw a clear cross-section showing
section dimensions, cover, stirrup diameters and reinforcing steel bars. Ignore the
presence of reinforcing steel on the compression side.
Calculate the required development length of bars at the location of maximum positive
moment. Make all necessary assumptions.
SOLUTION:
 Calculating b effective and d effective for the beam:
The b effective for the Lbeams is calculated as following using Table 6.3.2 .1

Table 1-ACI 318 Dimensional limits for effective overhanging

flange width for T beams and L beams

Where “ln” is the length of the beam’s clear span measured face to face from the
supports, and “Sw” is the clear distance web, and “h” is the flange thickness and the
thickness of the slab as well:

Thel nand sw are calculated as follows:

 l n=8000 mm−column dimension=8000−500=7500 mm

 sw =8000 mm−b web =8000−300=7700 mm
 h f =150 mm (slab thickness)
 b effective is the least of the following :
o b effective=b w + ( 6 h )=300+ 6 ( 150 )=1200 mm

( ) s
o b effective=b w + w =300+ 7700 =4150 mm
2 2
 o b effective=b w + ( )
ln
12
=300+
7500
12
=925 mm → Controls

Effective depth of the beam

¯
steel diameter
d=Total depth ( h )−one cover−one stirrup diameter−
2
19.1mm
d=600 mm−40 mm−9.5 mm−
2

d=540.95mm

 Determining the number of flexural steel needed in the positive moment side of
the beam
2
A s ,required =1136 mm

Area of ¿ 19 ¯¿ 284 mm
2

A s ,req 1136
No of ¿19 Bars= = =4 bars
No .19 Area ¯ 284
The cross section needs 4 #19 bars of flexural reinforcement placed @ the bottom of
the section( in the web) since in the positive moment, the tension steel is at the bottom,
and compression steel at the top.

A s , provided =4 × 284 m m2=1136 m m2

 Comparing the provided steel with the minimum permissible steel reinforcement:

As min
To calculate the minimum flexural reinforcement in non-prestressed beams ρ min =
bw d

o use chapter 9.6.1.2 equations for Asmin and choose the larger of the two
values obtained in ρmin :
  Equation a) Asmin =

0.25
√ f c b d=0.25 √ 40 ( 300 mm )( 540.95 mm )=610.941mm2
'

fy w 420

1.4 1.4
 Equation b) Asmin = b w d= ( 300 mm ) ( 540.95 mm )=540.95 mm2
fy 420

2
Asmin ¿ equation a> As min ¿ equation b ; hence 610.941 mm controls

A s , provided ( 1136 mm2 ) > A s ,min a (610.941 mm2)  Reinforcement provided is

acceptable

Use 4 ¿ 19 for tension steel and No. 10 Stirrups

 Check the spacing of the bars:

side cover=cover +3 d s=40+3 ( 9.5 ) =68.5 mm

bweb −2(side covers) 300−2(68.5)

center ¿ center spacing= = =54.33 mm
No of available spacings 3

clear spacing=center ¿ center spacing−d b=54.33−19.1=35.233 mm>25 OK

 Calculating development length of bars

0.6 Fy ∝ βγ
Develoment length=[ ]d b
√f c'
∝=1.0 , Bottom bars
β=1.0 , Uncoated bars
γ=1.0 , normal density concrete

Develoment length=
[ 0.6 Fy ∝ βγ
√f c' ] [
d b=
√ 42 ]
0.6 x 20 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 19
 Development length=738 mm ≥ 308 mm ok !

Figure 2: beam Cross Section in the Positive Moment

Question 2:
 Calculating b effective and d effective for the interior T beam by using table 6.3.2.1

L-beam A3-B3 in the X direction; hence, the l nand sw are calculated as follows:

 l n=8000 mm−two column dimension=8000−2(500)=7000 mm

 sw =8000 mm−b web =8000−300=7700 mm
 h f =150 mm (slab thickness)
 b effective is the least of the following :
o b effective=b w + ( 6 h )=300+ 6 ( 150 )=1200 mm

( ) s
o b effective=b w + w =300+ 7700 =4150 mm
12 12

( ) l
o b effective=b w + n =300+ 7000 =883.3 mm → CONTROLS
12 12

Effective depth of the beam:

¯
steel diameter
d=Total depth ( h )−one cover−one stirrup diameter−
2
19 . 1mm
d=600 mm−40 mm−9 . 5 mm−
2

d=540. 95 mm

 Determining the number of flexural steel needed in the positive moment side of
the T beam

A s ,required =1136 mm2

Area of ¿ 19 ¯
2
¿ 284 mm
A s ,req 1136
No of ¿19 Bars= = =4 bars
No .19 Area ¯ 284
The cross section needs 4 #19 bars of flexural reinforcement placed @ the bottom of
the section (in the web) since in the positive moment, the tension steel is at the bottom,
and compression steel at the top.
2 2
A s , provided =4 × 284 m m =1136 m m
  Comparing the provided steel with the minimum permissible steel reinforcement:
As min
To calculate the minimum flexural reinforcement in non-prestressed beams ρmin =
bw d
 use chapter 9.6.1.2 equations for Asmin and choose the larger of the two values
obtained in ρmin :

 Equation a) Asmin = 0 . 25 √ c b w d=0 . 25 √ 40 ( 300 mm )( 540 . 95 mm ) =610 .941 mm2

'
f
fy 420

1. 4 1.4
 Equation b) Asmin = bw d = ( 300 mm ) ( 540 . 95 mm )=540 . 95 mm2
fy 420

Asmin ¿ equation a> As min ¿ equation b ; hence 610 . 941 mm2 controls

A s , provided ( 1136 mm ) > A s ,min a (610 . 941 mm )  Reinforcement provided is acceptable

2 2

Use 4 ¿ 19 for tension steel and No. 10 Stirrups

 Check the spacing of the bars

side cover=cover+3 d s=40+3 ( 9 . 5 )=68 . 5 mm

bweb −2(side covers) 300−2(68 . 5)

center ¿ center spacing= = =54 .33 mm
No of available spacings 3

clear spacing=center ¿ center spacing−d b=54 .33−19 .1=35 .233 mm>25 OK

 Determining the number of compression steel needed in the positive moment

side of the beam
2
A s ,required =568 mm

Area of ¿ 19 ¯
2
¿ 284 mm
 A s ,req 568
No of ¿19 Bars= = =2bars
No .19 Area ¯ 284
The cross section needs 2 #19 bars of flexural reinforcement placed @ the top of the
section since in the positive moment, the tension steel is at the bottom, and
compression steel at the top.

2 2
A s , provided =2× 284 mm =568 m m
 Comparing the provided steel with the minimum permissible steel reinforcement:
As min
To calculate the minimum flexural reinforcement in non-prestressed beams ρmin =
bw d
 use chapter 9.6.1.2 equations for Asmin and choose the larger of the two values
obtained in ρmin :

 Equation a) Asmin = 0 . 25 √ c b w d=0 . 25 √ 40 ( 300 mm )( 540 . 95 mm ) =610 .941 mm2

f'
fy 420

1. 4 1.4
 Equation b) Asmin = bw d = ( 300 mm ) ( 540 . 95 mm )=540 . 95 mm2
fy 420

2
Asmin ¿ equation a> As min ¿ equation b ; hence 610 . 941 mm controls

A s , provided ( 568 mm2 ) < A s ,min a ( 610. 941 mm2 ) Not Ok !

A s ,req 610 . 941
No of ¿16 Bars= = =2 .15 ≈ 3 bars
No . 19 Area ¯ 284
2 2
A s , provided =3× 284 m m =852 mm

Use 3 ¿ 19 for compression steel and No. 10 Stirrups

Check the spacing of the bars:

side cover=cover+3 d s=40+3 ( 9 . 5 )=68 . 5 mm

 bweb −2(side covers ) 300−2(68 . 5)
center ¿ center spacing= = =81. 5 mm
No of available spacings 2

clear spacing=center ¿ center spacing−d b=81. 5−19 . 1=62 . 4 mm> 25OK

 Development length of Maximum Negative Moment:

From ACI 318 – 11

Simplified Equation

Develoment length=
[ 0.02 Fy d b
√f c' ] ≤0.00003 Fy db

Converting ¿∈, psi as equationis derived ∈these units

Develoment length=
[ 0.02 x 16 x 0.039 x 420 x 145.038
√ 42 x 145.038 ]
≤ 0.00003 x 16 x 0.039 x 420 x 145.038

9.76 inch≤ 11.4 inch

Development length = 250 mm
 90 – degree hooked bars

ACI 318 – 11

l dn =
❑
[ f y φ e φ c φr
50 ∂ √ f c ' ] db

Φ e =1 ( uncoated ) , Φ c =0.7 ( 90 degree hook ) ,

Φ r=1 , ∂=1 , normal weight concrete

l dn =
❑
[ 420 x 145.038 x 1 x 0.7 x 1
50 x 1 x ∂ √ 42 x 145.038 ] [16 x 0.039]

l dn =6.81inches> 6 inchesOK ‼ !
❑

l dn =175 mm
❑
Figure 3: T beam cross section in the positive moment
Question 3:

Shear reinforcement (qualitatively)

Stirrup center to center distance less in X1 & X3 and center to center distance greater in
X2, as shear force reduces at center of beam as compared to that on supports

Calculated development lengths are

Straight bar = Ld = 250 mm
Hooked bar = Ldn = 175 mm
 Checking straight bar

l dn ≤ 0.00003 d b F y
❑

250 x 0.039 ≤ 0.00003 x(16 x 0.0039)x ¿x 420)

9.75 inch ≤ 11.4 inch
  Checking bend up bar
l dn > 6inch
❑

175 x 0.039=6.8 inch>6 inch

&
l dn > 8 d b=6.8 inch> 8 x 0.039 x 16
❑

6.8 inch> 4.99 inch

The calculated length are greater than the minimum required lengths as per detailing of
ACI 318.