Length(mm) Breadth (mm) Area(mm2) Load(KN) Factored load(KN)

Column A (E8) 400 400 160000 600.000 900

Column B (E7) 600 600 360000 1000.000 1500
Safe Bearing pressure = 150 KN/m2 1600 2400
Concrete Grade= M 20
Steel Grade= Fe 415

Assuming 10% self weight of footing 160

i) Selecting trial footing depths:

Assume footing thickness= 450 mm

ii) Proportioning footing dimensions:

Area required, Areq= 11.73 m2
Then, BL1+BL2= 11.73 m2

The distance from the resultant of the column forces to the center of column B is given as:
x'= 1.688 m
Center of gravity of the two footings should coincide with the resultant of the two
column loads to ensure uniform soil pressure below the two footings

Taking moments of footing areas about the center of column B;

x'= BL1( 4.7 -L1/2 )
(BL1+BL2)
1.688 =BL1( 4.7 -L1/2
11.73
Let, B= 2.5 m
From quadratic equation,
a= 1.25
b= -11.75
c= 19.80
Solving.
L1= 7.20 rejected
2.20 approved
Assume, L1= 2.20 m
L2= 2.49 Area= 11.75 m2
Assume, L2= 2.50 m

iii)Evaluation of factored net soil pressure under the footings:

qu(net)= 204.26 KN/m2
iv)Design column footings for beam shear and moment:

Effective depth,d= 394 mm

A-Exterior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 294.78 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.34 N/mm2

B-Interior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 283.91 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.33 N/mm2

Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.34 %

Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.40 N/mm2 > 0.34

Punching shear need not to be considered due to presence of the strap beam

Bending Moment
A-Exterior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 247.7 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 201.98 mm OK

Ast required
a= 3.405
b= -142253.7
c= 247710638.30
Solving.
ASt= 39952.81 rejected
1820.68 mm2 total approved
827.58 mm2/m

Provide ø 16 mm bars 150 mm c/c

steel = 1339.7333333 mm2 > required ok

B-interior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 230.4 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 182.74 mm

Ast required
a= 2.997
b= -142253.7
c= 230425531.91
Solving.
ASt= 45790.66 rejected
1679.22 mm2 total approved
671.69 mm2/m

Provide ø 16 mm bars 150 mm c/c

 steel = 1339.7333333 mm2 > required ok

Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % = 540 mm2

Provide ø 16 mm bars 175 mm c/c at both top and bottom, giving area of
steel = 1148.34 mm2 > required ok

v)Design of strap beam for moment and shear:

For moment and shear
Let breadth of beam= 0.6 m
Let depth of beam= 1m
Effective depth= 940 mm
Shear forces at:
A 0 KN 0
B -102.13 KN 102.1276595745
C 797.87 KN 797.8723404255
D 0 KN 0
E -223.404 KN 223.4042553192 -223.404255319149
F -861.70 KN 861.7021276596
G 638.30 638.2978723404
H 0 0
Maximum moment occurs where SF is zero.ie at y
Moments at different points are given as:
y= 1.56 m

A 0 KNm hogging moment -ve

B -10.21 KNm
D 613.13 KNm
E 564.26 KNm
F 279.26 KNm
G -398.94 KNm
H 0 KNm

Effective depth required for beam= 608.48 mm

Ok
Ast required at point of maximum sagging moment ie at D

a= 12.486
b= -339387
c= 613125000.00
Solving.
ASt= 25234.85 rejected
1945.87 mm2 total approved

Provide ø 25 mm bars, No. re 3.96

25 mm bars, No. re -1.04
Provide 5 nos. of 25 mm bars Ast provided=
2 nos. of 25 mm bars Ast provided=
Ast required at point of maximum hogging moment ie at G

a= 12.486
b= -339387
c= 398936170.21
Solving.
ASt= 25949.49 rejected
1231.23 mm2 total approved

Provide ø 20 mm bars, No. re 3.92

20 mm bars, No. re -1.08
Provide 5 nos. of 20 mm bars Ast provided=
2 nos. of 20 mm bars Ast provided=

Check for shear

Shear force,Vu= 861.70 KN
Shear stress,Tv= 1.53 N/mm2

Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.61 %

Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.542 N/mm2 < 1.53
Shear reinforcement is required. Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry
a shear force of
Vus = Vu - tc . bw . D = 556100 N
Assuming f 10 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups having area of steel, Asv =

Spacing, S = Asv  σ st  d

Vus
Hence provide f 10 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups @
 BASE 3291 E7 DCON2 1309.36 960.197
c/c distance(m) BASE 3292 E8 DCON2 896.75 657.617
4.5

5950

4500 1250 1050

property line

A CG B B= 2500 400

400 1687.5 1250 1050

L1= 2200.0 L2= 2500.00

Ok

0.15 0.28
0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
 0.75 0.56
1.00 0.62
1.25 0.67
1.50 0.72
1.75 0.75
2.00 0.79

2.25 0.81
2.50 0.82
2.75 0.82
3.00 and above 0.82

N/mm2 O.K. Percent of Tc

0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
0.40

2640
1760
11.73333333333
om, giving area of 510.64 510.64

861.70
B E F
102.1 D 223.4
A H
y G
638.30
C
797.87

797.87 = 223.40
KN y 2 -y
613.13
564.26

279.26

-10.21 -398.94

500 50 5 25 68.75

2454.4 mm2
981.7 mm3
 3436.1
OK

0.15 0.28
0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
0.75 0.56
1.00 0.62
1.25 0.67
1.50 0.72
1.75 0.75
1570.8 mm2 2.00 0.79
628.3 mm3 2.25 0.81
2199.1 2.50 0.82
OK 2.75 0.82
3.00 and above 0.82

Percent of Tc
1.00 0.62
1.25 0.67
N/mm2 O.K. 0.54

314 mm2

220 mm c/c

100 mm c/c at support and

125 mm c/c at mid span
 DESIGN OF STRAP BEAM 1C-1B
Length(mm) Breadth (mm) Area(mm2) Load(KN) Factored load(KN) c/c distance(m)
Column A (2C) 304.8 304.8 92903.04 246.687 370.03 3.5306
Column B (2B) 304.8 304.8 92903.04 415.640 623.46
Safe Bearing pressure = 150 KN/m2 662.326667 993.49
Concrete Grade= M 20
Steel Grade= Fe 500
Assuming 10% self weight of footing = 66.2326667

i) Selecting trial footing depths:

Assume footing thickness= 400 mm

ii) Proportioning footing dimensions:

Area required, Areq= 4.86 m2
Then, BL1+BL2= 4.86 m2

The distance from the resultant of the column forces to the center of column B is given as:
x'= 1.315 m
Center of gravity of the two footings should coincide with the resultant of the two column loads to ensure uniform
soil pressure below the two footings
Taking moments of footing areas about the center of column B;
x'= BL1( 3.683 -L1/2 )
(BL1+BL2)
1.315 =BL1( 3.683 -L1/2
4.86
Let, B= 1.9 m
From quadratic equation,
a= 0.95
b= -6.9977
c= 6.39
Solving.
L1= 6.30 rejected
1.07 approved
Assume, L1= 1.90 m
L2= 0.66 Area= 7.22 m2 Ok
Assume, L2= 1.90 m

iii)Evaluation of factored net soil pressure under the footings:

qu(net)= 137.60 KN/m2

iv)Design column footings for beam shear and moment:

Effective depth,d= 344 mm

A-Exterior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 118.59 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.18 N/mm2

B-Interior footing:
Shear force, Vu= 118.59 KN
Shear stressTv= 0.18 N/mm2

Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.15 %

Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.31 N/mm2 > 0.18 N/mm2 O.K.

Punching shear need not to be considered due to presence of the strap beam

Bending Moment
A-Exterior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 83.2 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 125.93 mm OK

Ast required
a= 5.724
b= -149640
c= 83161094.86
Solving.
ASt= 25575.91 rejected
568.09 mm2 total approved
298.99 mm2/m
 Provide ø 10 mm bars 150 mm c/c
steel = 523.333333333333 mm2 > required ok

B-interior footing:
Bending moment, Mu= 83.2 KNm
Effective depth required,d= 125.93 mm

Ast required
a= 5.724
b= -149640
c= 83161094.86
Solving.
ASt= 25575.91 rejected
568.09 mm2 total approved
298.99 mm2/m

Provide ø 10 mm bars 150 mm c/c

steel = 523.333333333333 mm2 > required ok

Min. area of steel @ 0.12 % = 480 mm2

Provide ø 12 mm bars 150 mm c/c at both top and bottom, giving area of
steel = 753.60 mm2 > required ok
v)Design of strap beam for moment and shear:
For moment and shear
Let breadth of beam= 0.4 m
Let depth of beam= 0.7 m
Effective depth= 640 mm
Shear forces at:
A 0 KN 0
B -39.84 KN 39.8441779
C 330.19 KN 330.185822
D 0 KN 0
E -126.715 KN 126.715 -126.715 KN
F -375.09 KN 375.0875
G 248.37 248.3725
H 0 0
Maximum moment occurs where SF is zero.ie at y
Moments at different points are given as:
y= 1.26 m

A 0 KNm hogging moment -ve

B -3.04 KNm
D 205.46 KNm
E 174.76 KNm
F 120.38 KNm
G -117.98 KNm
H 0 KNm

Effective depth required for beam= 431.40 mm

Ok
Ast required at point of maximum sagging moment ie at D

a= 27.188
b= -278400
c= 205464297.93
Solving.
ASt= 9439.39 rejected
800.61 mm2 total approved
 Provide ø 20 mm bars, No. reqd.= 2.55
16 mm bars, No. reqd.= -0.71
Provide 3 nos. of 20 mm bars Ast provided= 942.5 mm2
0 nos. of 16 mm bars Ast provided= 0.0 mm3
942.5
OK
Ast required at point of maximum hogging moment ie at G

a= 27.188
b= -278400
c= 117976937.50
Solving.
ASt= 9797.07 rejected
442.93 mm2 total approved

Provide ø 16 mm bars, No. reqd.= 2.20

12 mm bars, No. reqd.= -1.42
Provide 3 nos. of 16 mm bars Ast provided= 603.2 mm2
0 nos. of 12 mm bars Ast provided= 0.0 mm2
603.2
OK
Check for shear
Shear force,Vu= 375.09 KN
Shear stress,Tv= 1.47 N/mm2

Provided percentage area of tension steel, p = 0.37 %

Permissible shear stress, tc = 0.468 N/mm2 < 1.47 N/mm2 O.K.
Shear reinforcement is required. Shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry
a shear force of
Vus = Vu - tc . bw . D = 255188 N
Assuming f 8 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups having area of steel, Asv = 200.96 mm2

Spacing, S = Asv  σ st  d 252 mm c/c


Vus
Hence provide f 8 mm 4-legged vertical stirrups @ 125 mm c/c at support and
150 mm c/c at mid span
 4633

3530.6 950 797.6

property line

A CG B B= 1900 304.8

304.8 1315.0 950 797.6

L1= 1900.0 L2= 1900.00

 0.15 0.28
0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
0.75 0.56
1.00 0.62
1.25 0.67
1.50 0.72
1.75 0.75
2.00 0.79

2.25 0.81
2.50 0.82
2.75 0.82
3.00 and above 0.82

Percent of Ast Tc
0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
0.31
 261.44 261.44

375.09
B E F
39.8 D 126.7
A H
y G
248.37
C
330.19

330.19 = 126.72
y 1.7476 -y
205.46
174.76

120.38

-3.04 -117.98
500 50 4 20 106.66667
 0.15 0.28
0.25 0.36
0.50 0.48
0.75 0.56
1.00 0.62
1.25 0.67
1.50 0.72
1.75 0.75
2.00 0.79
2.25 0.81
2.50 0.82
2.75 0.82
3.00 and above 0.82

Percent of Tc
0.75 0.56
1.00 0.62
0.47