ASSIGNMENT : Modular construction techniques.

CABLE STRUCTURES
WHAT ARE CABLES STRUCTURE ?
Cable structure, Form of long-span structure that is subject to
tension and uses suspension cables for support.

● It is structure in which a cable or system of cables is used as a

prestressed and primary load bearing structural elements .

● Cable, also called wire rope, either an assemblage of three or more

ropes twisted together for extra strength or a rope made by twisting
together several strands of metal wires.
 TYPES OF CABLE STRUCTURES

SUSPENSION TYPE CABLES STAYED TYPE CABLES

A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the The suspension cables must be anchored at each end of the
load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on bridge, since any load applied to the bridge is transformed into a
vertical suspenders. tension in these main cables.

The main cables continue beyond the pillars to deck-level In the cable-stayed bridge, the towers are the primary
supports, and further continue to connections with anchors in the load-bearing structures which transmit the bridge loads to the
ground. ground
KURILPA BRIDGE
 KURILPA BRIDGE
In 2011 the bridge won the World Transport Building of the Year by
● Location: Brisbane, Australia.
the World Architecture Festival
● Opened : october 2009
● Water body below: Brisbane river.
● Project owner : Queensland government
● Total area: 12,500m² (134,548ft²)
● Architectural firm: Cox Rayne Architects.
● Engineering design by: Ove Arup &
partners.
● 500 cubic meters of concrete and 500
tonnes of steel.
● Nearly 7 km of high strength steel cables. used by about 36,500 pedestrians and cyclists weekly

Length: 470 m
Clearance below: 11 m pedestrian and cycle
Width: 6 m loop connection

South Brisbane Brisbane CBD

Bridge deck 430m long x 6m clear width between handrails.

Brisbane River in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA BRISBANE RIVER MAP KURILPA POINT ON BRISBANE RIVER
Bridge Design Process
The bridge can be thought of as two interwoven structures:
● a conventional cable-stayed bridge structure
● 6.5m clear width composite steel and concrete deck spans.

A: Kurilpa bridge
B: brisbane river
C: tank street
D: riverside expressway
E: gallery of modern art
F: commonwealth law courts.
Concept / mechanism:

The Kurilpa Bridge is a multiple‐mast, cable‐stay structure based on principles of tensegrity producing a balanced
tension and compression forces to create a light structure that is incredibly strong.

Cables act as tension

forces

Tubes act as
compression forces

Tensegrity/ Floating ● Inspired by Buckminster Fuller and the

compression is a structural work of sculptor Kenneth Snelson.
principle based on a system ● visually light, shallow, and buildable form
of isolated components ● Innovative, whimsical, apparently
under compression inside a random, and radically different from the
network of continuous norm.
tension.
 Tensegrity- Inspired Design

Why tensegrity?
Tensegrity structure is widely used in long-span space structures due to its super lightweight features, gains strength from the chords
under tension which suspend the compressed components. Structures are Deployable, easily tunable and efficient.

Critical functions that the tensegrity array carries out:

● It suspends the canopy, allowing it to float above the deck with no
apparent means of support.
● It works in with all the masts and cables to resist twisting and
lateral forces arising from loads on the deck (i.e. crowds), wind
and earthquakes.

Conceptual elevation Cross sectional view

sketch
The tensegrity bridge comprises of three spans:
● A central span of 128 m
● Side of 57 m
● Side of 45 m
Structurally this span composition is balanced and
eliminates the need for massive abutments, allowing
the tensegrity structure to be constructed via a
balanced cantilever technique.

The bold design is a fusion of art and science. The

tensegrity system is a synergy between balanced
tension and compression components which have
been combined in such a way that the main supports
appear to be floating. A new form that incorporated the buildability and shallow
structural deck of mast and cable structures.
 MATERIALS

The tensegrity bridge comprises of composite steel and

concrete deck structure, the series of steel masts and cables,
and the integrated array of steel ties, flying struts (spars) and
steel-framed tensegrity canopy.

GALVANISED HELICAL STRAND CABLES

 Construction Details of bridge
● The bridge structure comprises
➔ 18 structural steel bridge decks
➔ 20 structural steel masts
➔ 16 horizontal spars
➔ 72 precast concrete deck slabs (sit on the main bridge deck
and are secured to the steel structure and together by in-situ
concrete stitch pours.)

STEEL BRIDGE DECK AND ITS JOINERY STEEL MAST

TENSEGRITY CABLES

● The complex cabling system comprises

➔ 80 main galvanised helical strand cables
➔ 252 cables (that are made from super duplex stainless steel joining PRECAST CONCRETE DECK SLAB AND
ITS JOINERY HORIZONTAL SPARS
them in a pentagonal shape to provide more strength.)
Construction Details of bridge

STEEL BRIDGE DECK AND ITS JOINERY ● The precast deck panels are joined in situ
concrete stitches that are supported by and
work compositely with rolled steel
● The overall structure is balanced, eliminating the I-sections.
need of for massive abutments and allowing
cantilever method construction.
● The superstructure erection from each of the river
piers,using accurate length components, erected
in sequence that ensured upon completion all the
parts of the bridge would be on accurate position
with all cables prestressed on the weight of
bridge.
● The accuracy of this structure was demonstrated by
two halves of the bridge meeting precisely at
mid-span, with the deck at the completion within
25mm of gap between.
Components of bridge Solar power and LED lighting –

● The bridge is lit with an innovative arrangement of LED

luminaires, creating one of the world’s largest bridge LED lighting
installations.

● programmed to produce an array of different lighting effects

● Only bridge with large-scale solar powered pedestrian bridges in

the world,

84 photovoltaic panels powering the LED lighting.

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
The bridge has demonstrated good environmental responsibility by
encouraging:

● Pedestrian- and bicycle-only traffic adjacent the CBD.

● The integration of the bridge into the walkways along the river bank,
the selection of a culturally significant location

A photovoltaic system consisting

of 84 solar panels were
installed on the canopy of the
bridge, providing an average
daily output of 100 kilo Watt
hours (kWh), saving of around
39.6 tonnes of carbon
emissions each year.
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
The double arch is a truss system with the following features:
no. bars b = 54;
no. supports r = 24; In kurilpa bridge ;
no. nodes n = 32; There are 12 bars (n=12)
no. of degrees of freedom m = 19;
degrees of static indeterminacy s = 1. the min no. of strings = 3 x the number
of bars (n),
therefore; the number of strings are
definitely more than 36

● Due to the scale of the structure, load was applied in the form of small precast
concrete slabs to 8 nodes on the lower grid.
● The nodes were selected to ensure an even distribution of load, while allowing for
their safe application from outside the structure boundary.
● Two sizes of slab were used, of mass 14.4 and 24.4 kg, and they were attached to
the structure via specially fabricated steel hangers.
● There were 6 increments of live load applied, beginning with the steel hangers
alone and finishing with the hangers and 5 concrete slabs.
● The maximum total load applied to the grid was 8.54 kN, which equates to 0.53
kN/m2 .
● This value is comparable to the characteristic load value of 0.4 kN/m2.
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