Lec 6 9 Numerical

Lec_6_Forces acting on Dam (Review)
1. Self weight of Dam

2. Hydrostatic force
3. Up thrust
4. Inertia force due to earthquake
5. Hydrodynamic force due to Horizontal Earthquake
6. Wave force
7. ICE, Temperature, silt etc.
Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Kathmandu University
Forces acting on Dam (Review)
1. Self weight of Dam
Weight of Dam
(self-weight)
𝑊 = 𝛾𝑐 𝑉𝑐
2) Hydrostatic force
1
𝑃ℎ = 𝛾𝑤 𝐻 2
2
1
𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑃ℎ ′) = 𝛾𝑤 𝐻′2
2
3) Up thrust 𝑼 = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎

4) Hydrodynamic force due to horizontal earthquake
i) Von Karman expression
2 4𝐻
𝑃𝑒 = 0.555𝑘ℎ 𝛾𝑤 𝐻 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 (iv)
3𝜋
Where kh is fraction of gravity and γw is unit weight of water and H is
height of water.

4) Hydrodynamic force due to horizontal earthquake
ii) Zanger's formulae
𝑃𝑒 = 0.726 × 𝑝𝑒 × 𝐻 (v)
Where,
𝑝𝑒 = 𝐶𝑚 𝑘ℎ 𝛾𝑤 𝐻, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑠 0.412𝐻 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝜃
𝐶𝑚 = 0.735
90
Where θ, is the angle in degrees, which the U/S face of the dam makes with
the horizontal.

6) Wave force due to air
1
ℎ𝑤 = 0.032 𝑉𝐹 + 0.763 − 0.271 𝐹 4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹 < 32 𝐾𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (vii)
ℎ𝑤 = 0.032 𝑉𝐹 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹 > 32 𝐾𝑚

6) Wave force due to air
ℎ𝑤
𝑝𝑤 = 2.4 × 𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑤 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 8
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 (viii)
1 5
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑤 = 2.4 × 𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑤 ℎ𝑤 = 2𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑤 2
2 3
𝑘𝑁 3
= 19.62ℎ𝑤 2 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 ℎ 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑚 8 𝑤

Modes of failure of Gravity Dam (Review)
1) Overturning
𝑴𝑹
𝑭𝑶𝑺 = (i)
𝑴𝑶
2) Crushing
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 𝟔𝒆
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏± (ii)
𝑩 𝑩
Where, ΣV, is Total vertical force, B is base width

and e is Eccentricity of the resultant force from
the center of the base.
3) Development of tension
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑉 6𝑒 𝑉 6𝑒
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1± → 1±
𝐵 𝐵 𝐵 𝐵
=0
For no tension
𝑉 6𝑒 𝐵
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1− =0→𝑒= (iii)
𝐵 𝐵 6
Modes of failure of Gravity Dam (Review)
4) Shear failure (sliding)
i) Factor of sliding against sliding
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽
𝑭𝑺𝑺 = = (iv)
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑯
ii) Factor of safety against shear friction

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽 𝑨×𝑪 𝝁 𝑽+𝑨×𝑪
𝑺𝑭𝑭 = = + = (iv)
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑯 𝑯 𝑯
Where,
C = average cohesion/shear strength of the joint and A= area of
joint
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝐴 = 𝐵 × 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝐵 × 1 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝐵

Example (1) Find out the different forces acting on the dam
section given
• Given unit weight of water and unit weight of concrete is 10 kN/m3 and 24 kN/m3
respectively.
• The earthquake force may be taken as equivalent to 0.1g for horizontal forces and
0.05g for vertical forces. (Horizontal inertial force acts towards downstream and
vertical inertial force due to earthquake acts towards upward i.e. in antigravity
direction) Kathmandu University
Solution:
Various forces acting on the dam section are

1) Self-weight of dam
2) Hydrostatic pressure in upstream face and downstream face of the dam
3) Uplift pressure
4) Hydrodynamic force due to earthquake in horizontal direction
5) Vertical inertia force due to earthquake
6) No consideration of ice, temperature and wind pressure here
Solution:
Considering unit length of dam

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑊 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 (i)
Here Unit weight of dam γc = 24 kN/m3 and V is volume of the dam section
i) Weight of section I
1 1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 = 24 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 24 × 6 × 60 =
2 2
4320 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
6
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 63 + = 65 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, 3
Solution:
ii) Weight of section II

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 = 24 × 7 × 90 = 15120 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 56 + 7/2 = 59.5 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
iii) Weight of section III
1 1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 = 24 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 24 × 56 × 80
2 2
= 53760 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 Raj
Prepared By: Mahesh 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 Lecturer,
Bhatt, = 2 56/3 = 37.33 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Solution:
Magnitude of Force in kN.
Moment (kNm)
Designation Horizontal (Toward U/S Lever Arm (Resisting is (+Ve) and Remarks
S.N. Number of Forcse
if any Vertical (Downward +ve and Towards D/S is (m)
+ve and Upward (-Ve) Overturning is (-Ve)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
Weight of Supported water on
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
U/S and D/S face of dam
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) -31740 Sum (M3) -1412430
WI' -216 65 -14040
Upward Inertil force Due to
4 WII' -756 59.5 -44982
Earthquake of 0.05g
WIII' -2688 37.33333333 -100352
Sum (V4) -3660 Sum (M4) -159374
Ph -36980 28.66666667 -1060093.333
5 Horizontal Hydrostatic Force
Ph' 180 2 360
Sum (H1) -36800 Sum (M5) -1059733.333
WI'' Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, -432
Lecturer, 20 -8640
Horizontal inertial force due to Kathmandu University
6 WII'' -1512 45 -68040
Solution:
2) Self-weight of water supported on the U/S and D/S face of the Dam
i) Vertical water weight of U/S (Pv1)

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑣1 = 𝛾𝑤 × 𝑉1 = 10 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 10 × 6 × 26 =
6
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 56 + 7 + = 66 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
2
Solution:
ii) Weight of section II

1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑣2 = 𝛾𝑤 × 𝑉 = 10 × × 6 × 60 = 1800 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
2
6
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 56 + 7 + 2 × = 67 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
iii) Weight of section at D/S due to vertical water
1 1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑣′ = 𝛾𝑤 × 𝑉 = 10 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 10 × 4.2 × 6
2 2
Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, 4.2
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚Kathmandu
𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 𝐻′2/3
University = = 1.4 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
Solution:

Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' Prepared
126By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
Solution:
3) Uplift pressure due to Water in U/S and D/S
i) Uplift pressure (U1)

Uplift U1 = Area of Diagram
= 69 × 60 = 4140 kN
and it acts at 34.5 meter from toe
ii) Uplift pressure (U2)

i) Uplift U2 = Area of Diagram =
1
2
600 × 69
ii) = −27600 kN and it acts at 2 ×

Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) -31740 Sum (M3) -1412430
WI' -216 65 -14040
4 WII' -756 59.5 -44982
Earthquake of 0.05g
WIII' -2688 37.33333333 -100352
Sum (V4) -3660 Sum (M4) -159374
Ph -36980 28.66666667 -1060093.333
Ph' 180 2 360
Sum (H1) -36800 Sum (M5) -1059733.333
WI'' -432 20 -8640
Horizontal inertial force due to
6 WII'' -1512 45 -68040
Earthquake of 0.1g
WIII'' Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt,-5376
Lecturer, 26.66666667 -143360
Kathmandu
Sum (H2) University-6888 Sum (M6) -220040
Solution:
4) Upward (antigravity) vertical forces due to
Inertia due to earthquake
i) Inertial force due to Weight of section I
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼′ = 0.05 × 4320 =
− 216 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 =
6
63 + = 65 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
ii) Inertial force due to Weight of section II

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼′ = 0.05 × 15120 =
− 756 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠
= 56 + 7/2 = 59.5 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
iii) Inertial force due to Weight of section III
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 0.05 × 53760
= −2688 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠
= 2 56/3 = 37.33 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Solution:

Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) -31740 Sum (M3) -1412430
WI' -216 65 -14040
4 WII' -756 59.5 -44982
Earthquake of 0.05g
WIII' Prepared
-2688By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, 37.33333333 -100352
Sum (V4) -3660 Sum (M4) -159374
Solution:
5) Horizontal Hydrostatic Pressure
i) Hydrostatic force due to U/S water

1 1 𝐻
𝑃ℎ = 2 𝛾𝑤 𝐻2 = 2 10 × 862 = −36980 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 ( 3 = 28.66𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)
ii) Hydrostatic force due to D/S tail water

1 2 1 𝐻
𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑃ℎ ′) = 𝛾𝑤 𝐻′ = 10 × 62 = 180 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 (
2 2 3
= 2 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) Kathmandu University
Solution:
5) Horizontal Hydrostatic Pressure

Moment (kNm)
S.N. Number of Forcse Vertical (Downward
if any +ve and Towards D/S is (m)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) Magnitude
-31740 of Force in kN. Sum (M3) -1412430
Moment (kNm)
Upward Inertilofforce Due to Designation
WI' -216 Horizontal (Toward U/S Lever65Arm -14040
S.N.
4 Number Forcse Vertical (Downward (Resisting-44982
is (+Ve) and Remarks
Earthquake of 0.05g ifWII'
any -756
+ve and Towards D/S is
59.5
(m)
WIII' +ve and Upward
-2688 (-Ve) 37.33333333 Overturning
-100352is (-Ve)
Sum (V4) -3660 (-Ve) Sum (M4) -159374
Ph
WI 4320 -36980 28.66666667
65 -1060093.333
280800
Ph' 180 2 360
1 Dam Weight WII 15120Sum (H1) -36800
59.5
Sum (M5)
899640
-1059733.333
WIII
WI'' 53760 -432 37.33333333
20 2007040
-8640
6 Sum (V1)
WII'' Prepared By:
73200 Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,
-1512 Sum45(M1) 3187480
-68040
Earthquake of 0.1g Kathmandu University-5376
WIII'' 26.66666667 -143360
Solution:
6) Horizontal earthquake induced earthquake force
i) Weight of section I
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼′′ = 0.1 × 4320 = −432 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
60
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼Prepared
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚By:𝐷𝑎𝑚
Mahesh𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠 Lecturer,
Raj Bhatt, = 3 = 20 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Solution: 6) Horizontal earthquake induced earthquake force
ii) Inertial force due to Weight of section II

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼′′ = 0.1 × 15120 = −1512𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 90/2 = 45 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
iii) Inertial force due to Weight of section III
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 0.1 × 53760 = −5376 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 80/3 = 26.66 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Solution: 6) Horizontal earthquake induced earthquake force
Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) Magnitude
-31740 of Force in kN. Sum (M3) -1412430
Moment (kNm)
Upward Inertilofforce Due to Designation
WI' -216 Horizontal (Toward U/S Lever65Arm -14040
S.N.
4 Number Forcse Vertical (Downward (Resisting-44982
is (+Ve) and Remarks
any -756
+ve and Towards D/S is 59.5
(m)
-2688 (-Ve) 37.33333333 Overturning
-100352is (-Ve)
Sum (V4) -3660 (-Ve) Sum (M4) -159374
WI
Ph 4320 -36980 65
28.66666667 280800
-1060093.333
1 Dam Weight Ph'
WII 15120 180 2
59.5 360
899640
Sum (H1) -36800 Sum (M5) -1059733.333
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
WI'' -432 20 -8640
Horizontal inertial force due to Sum (V1) 73200 Sum
6 WII'' -1512 45(M1) 3187480
-68040
Earthquake of 0.1g
WIII''
Pv1 1560 -5376 26.66666667
66 -143360
102960
Weight of Supported water on Prepared By:Sum (H2)
Mahesh Raj Bhatt, -6888
Lecturer, Sum (M6) -220040
2 Pv2 1800Kathmandu University-3771.17 67 120600
U/S and D/SPressure
7 Hydrodynamic face of dam Pe 35.432 -133620.0954
Solution: 7) Hydrodynamic force induced due to horizontal earthquake
As the U/S face is inclined, so Zanger's expression is suitable
𝑃𝑒 = 0.726 × 𝑝𝑒 × 𝐻
Where,
𝑝𝑒 = 𝐶𝑚 𝑘ℎ 𝛾𝑤 𝐻, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑠 0.412𝐻 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Where,
𝜃
𝐶𝑚 = 0.735 90
Where θ, is the angle in degrees, which the U/S face of the dam makes with the
horizontal.

𝑯 𝟖𝟔
For this case 𝒉 > 𝒊. 𝒆. 𝟔𝟎 > = 𝟒𝟑 ,
𝟐 𝟐
𝟖𝟔
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = ↔ 𝜽 = 𝟖𝟔 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆
𝟔
𝜃
𝑃𝑒 = 0.726 × 𝑝𝑒 × 𝐻 = 0.726 × 𝐶𝑚 𝑘ℎ 𝛾𝑤 𝐻 × 𝐻 = 0.726 × 0.735 × 𝑘ℎ × 𝛾𝑤 ×
90
86
𝐻 × 𝐻 = 0.726 × 0.735 × 0.1 × 10 × 86 × 86 =
90
3771.17 𝑘𝑁 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡(0.412𝐻 =35.432 meter from base of dam

Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) -31740 Sum (M3) -1412430
Moment (kNm)
Designation
WI' -216 Horizontal (Toward U/S Lever65 Arm -14040
S.N. Number
Upward Inertilofforce
Forcse
Due to Vertical (Downward (Resisting is (+Ve) and Remarks
4
any -756 +ve and Towards D/S is (m)
59.5 -44982
-2688 (-Ve) 37.33333333 Overturning
-100352is (-Ve)
Sum (V4) -3660
(-Ve) Sum (M4) -159374
WI
Ph 4320 -36980 65
28.66666667 280800
-1060093.333
1 Dam Weight Ph'
WII 15120 180 2
59.5 360
899640
Sum (H1) -36800 Sum (M5) -1059733.333
WIII
WI''
53760 -432
37.33333333
20
2007040
-8640
6 Sum (V1)
WII'' 73200 -1512 Sum45(M1) 3187480
-68040
Earthquake of 0.1g
WIII'' -5376 26.66666667 -143360
Pv1 1560 66 102960
Weight of Supported water on Sum (H2) -6888 Sum (M6) -220040
2 7 Hydrodynamic Pressure Pv2
Pe Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,
1800Kathmandu University
-3771.17 67
35.432 120600
-133620.0954
Sum (H3) -3771.17 Sum (M7) -133620.0954
SUMMARY OF THE CALCULATED FORCES
Moment (kNm)
(-Ve)
WI 4320 65 280800
1 Dam Weight WII 15120 59.5 899640
WIII 53760 37.33333333 2007040
Sum (V1) 73200 Sum (M1) 3187480
Pv1 1560 66 102960
2 Pv2 1800 67 120600
Pv' 126 1.4 176.4
Sum (V2) 3486 Sum (M2) 223736.4
U1 -4140 34.5 -142830
3 Uplift Pressure
U2 -27600 46 -1269600
Sum (V3) -31740 Sum (M3) -1412430
WI' -216 65 -14040
4 WII' -756 59.5 -44982
Earthquake of 0.05g
WIII' -2688 37.33333333 -100352
Sum (V4) -3660 Sum (M4) -159374
Ph -36980 28.66666667 -1060093.333
Ph' 180 2 360
Sum (H1) -36800 Sum (M5) -1059733.333
WI'' -432 20 -8640
6 WII'' -1512 45 -68040
Earthquake of 0.1g
WIII'' -5376 26.66666667 -143360
Sum (H2) -7320 Sum (M6) -220040
7 Hydrodynamic Pressure Pe -3771.17 35.432 -133620.0954
Prepared By:Sum
Mahesh
(H3) Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,
-3771.17 Sum (M7) -133620.0954
Sum (V) 41286
Sum(H) -47891.17
Sum (MR) 3411216.4
Sum (Mo) -2985197.429
Sum (M) 426018.9712
Determine maximum and minimum compressive stress in the heel and
toe of the dam
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏±
𝑩 𝑩
Where,
ΣV = 41286 Kn, B = 69 m
𝑩
𝒆 = − 𝑿
𝟐
𝑴 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟏𝟖.𝟗𝟕𝟏𝟐
𝑴= 𝑽×𝑿→𝑿= = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝒎
𝑽 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟔
𝟔𝟗
𝒆 = − 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟏𝟖 𝒎
𝟐
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 𝟔𝒆 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟔 𝟔×𝟐𝟒.𝟏𝟖
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏± = 𝟏± = 𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟔. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝒂𝒏𝒅 −
𝑩 𝑩 𝟔𝟗 𝑩
𝟔𝟓𝟗. 𝟓𝟏 𝒌𝑵 Kathmandu University
Lec_9_Gravity Dam
 Stability analysis of Gravity dam (Numerical)

 Determination of Principal and shear stress (Numerical)
• Joints in dam
• Gallery in dam
• Gravity dam construction
• Water stop
• Shear key in base of dam
• Foundation treatment of the gravity dam
Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Example (2) Check stability of Gravity Dam for following conditions
A) Empty case
B) Reservoir full and uplift consideration
 Drain hole is located at 6.5 meter downstream from upstream face i.e. heel.
 Water level at top of dam
 Unit weight of concrete and water is 24 kN/m3 and 9.81 kN/m3
 Shear strength of
the concrete is (c
= 1400 kN/m2)
 Coefficient of
friction (μ = 0.7)
• Also find principal

and shear stresses
at the toe and heel
of the dam.

1) Self-weight of Dam
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑊 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 (i)
Here Unit weight of dam γc = 24 kN/m3 and V
is volume of the dam section
Weight of section I
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 = 24 ×
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 24 × 7 × 70 =
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 =
42 + 7/2 = 45.5 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Weight of section II
1
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉 = 24 × × 42 × 60 =
2
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 2 × 42/3 = 28 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
1) Self-weight of Dam
Weight of section III

𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑊𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝛾𝑐 × 𝑉
1
= 24 × 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
1
= 24 × 3.5 × 35
2
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠
= 42 + 7 + 3.5/3 = 50.167 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Magnitude of Force in kN. Moment (kNm)

Designation Horizontal (Toward U/S Lever Arm (Resisting is positive
if any +ve and Towards D/S is (m) and Overturning is
+ve and Upward (-Ve) Negative
(-Ve)
WI 11760 45.5 535080
1 Dam Weight WII 30240 28 846720
WIII 1470 50.167 73745.49
Sum (V1) 43470 Sum (M1) 1455545.49

2) Self-weight of water supported on the
U/S face of the Dam
Vertical water weight of U/S IV
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑣 = 𝛾𝑤 × 𝑉1 =
1
9.81 × 2 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 9.81 ×
1
× 3.5 × 35 =
2
600.86 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑉 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 =
2×3.5
42 + 7 + = 51.33 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
Weight of section V
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑣 = 𝛾𝑤 × 𝑉 = 9.81 × 3.5 × 35 =
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 42 + 7 + 3.5/2 = 50.75 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
2) Self-weight of water supported on the
U/S face of the Dam

3. Uplift Pressure due to water

Uplift due to U1
𝑈1 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 =
1 1
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = × 46 ×
2 2
228.9 =
−
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑈1 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 =
2×46
= 30.67 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
Uplift due to U2
𝑈2 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑈2 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 6.5 228.9 =
− 1487.85 𝑘𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐺
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑈2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠 = 46 + 6.5/2 = 49.25 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Uplift due to U3
𝑈3 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑈3 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 =
1
6.5 686.7 − 228.9 =
2
−
𝐶𝐺 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑈3 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐷𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑒 𝑖𝑠
= 46 + 2 × 6.5/3 = 50.33 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

(-Ve)
WI 11760 45.5 535080
1 Dam Weight WII 30240 28 846720
WIII 1470 50.167 73745.49
Sum (V1) 43470 Sum (M1) 1455545.49

4. Horizontal water static force in U/S face
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑯
𝑷 = 𝜸𝒘 × 𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟓 × 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟕𝟎 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟒. 𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 (
𝟐 𝟑
= 𝟐𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒎)

(-Ve)
WI 11760 45.5 535080
1 Dam Weight WII 30240 28 846720
WIII 1470 50.167 73745.49
Sum (V1) 43470 Sum (M1) 1455545.49
SUMMARY OF THE FORCES AND MOMENT CALCULATION
Moment (kNm)
Horizontal
(Resisting is
Designation if Vertical (Downward (Toward U/S Lever
S.N. Number of Forces positive and
any +ve and Upward (- +ve and Arm (m)
Overturning is
Ve) Towards D/S is
Negative
(-Ve)
WI 11760 45.5 535080
1 Dam Weight WII 30240 28 846720
WIII 1470 50.167 73745.49
Sum (V1) 43470 Sum (M1) 1455545.49
Weight of Supported PIV 600.86 51.33 30842.1438

2
water on U/S PV 1201.72 50.75 60987.29
Sum (V2) 1802.58 Sum (M2) 91829.4338
U1 -5264.7 30.67 -161468.349

3 Uplift Pressure U2 -1487.85 49.25 -73276.6125
U3 -1487.85 50.33 -74883.4905
Sum (V3) -8240.4 Sum (M3) -309628.452
Horizontal Hydrostatic
5 P -24034.5 23.33 -560724.885
Force
Sum (H1) -24034.5 Sum (M4) -560724.885

Case (A) Empty Case
Horizontal (Resisting is
Designation if Lever
S.N. Number of Forces Vertical (Downward (Toward U/S +ve positive and
any Arm (m)
+ve and Upward (-Ve) and Towards D/S Overturning is
is (-Ve) Negative
WI 11760 45.5 535080
1 Dam Weight WII 30240 28 846720
WIII 1470 50.167 73745.49
Sum (V1) 43470 Sum (M1) 1455545.49
Sum (V) 43470 Self weight (V1)

Sum(H) 0 No force
Reservoir Empty case Sum (MR) 1455545.49 M1
Sum (Mo) 0 No Moment
Sum (M) 1455545.49 M1

Case (A) Empty Case
i) Determine maximum and minimum compressive stress in the heel and toe of the dam
= 𝟏± 𝑩
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝑩 𝑩 𝒆 = − 𝑿 B = 52.5 m
𝟐
Where,
ΣV = 43470 kN
𝑴 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟓.𝟓
𝑴= 𝑽×𝑿→𝑿= = = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟖 𝒎
𝑽 𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟎
𝟓𝟐. 𝟓
𝒆 = − 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟖
𝟐
= −𝟕. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎 ( 𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍)
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 𝟔𝒆 𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟕𝟎 𝟔×(−𝟕.𝟐𝟑) 𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏± = 𝟏± = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐
𝑩 𝑩 𝟓𝟐.𝟓 𝟓𝟐.𝟓
𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 ( 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍) = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟔
𝒎𝟐
𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑
𝒎𝟐
𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
Case (A) Empty Case 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 ( 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍) = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑
𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟐
i) Determination of principal stress at toe
𝝈 = 𝑷𝒗 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜶 − 𝑷′ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜶
At tail no water so P'=0 and
42
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 = ↔ 𝛼 = 34.99 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
60
3.5
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛷 = ↔ 𝛷 = 35.71 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
35
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑒 = 𝑃𝑣𝑡𝑜𝑒 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼 − 𝑃′ × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
= 143.83 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 35 − 0 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
2
= 143.83 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 35 = 214.3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
II) Determination of principal stress at heel

At empty no water P=0 and
3.5
35
𝝈𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 × 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜱 − 𝑷 × 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜱
= 1512.16 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5.71 − 0 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 5.71 = 1512.16 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5.71
= 1527.27 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
Case (A) Empty Case 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 ( 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍) = 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝟔 𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑
𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟐
i) Shear stress at toe

𝜏 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗 − 𝑷′
𝜏𝑡𝑜𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 − 𝑷′ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 − 𝟎 = 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
= 143.83 × tan 35 = 100.71 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
i) Shear stress at heel
𝜏ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝒑 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝟎 = 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷

= 1512.16 × tan 5.71 = 151.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Stability analysis
o For empty case no any sliding
o and no overturning
o and eccentricity e = -7.38m and (B/6=8.75) here e< B/6 ( No tension)

Case (B) Reservoir full Case
Sum (V) 37032.18 V1+V2+V3
Sum(H) -24034.5 H1
Reservoir full case Sum (MR) 1547374.924 M1+M2
Sum (Mo) -870353.337 M3+M4
Sum (M) 677021.5868 M1+M2+M3+M4
i) Determine maximum and minimum compressive stress in the heel and toe of the dam
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 6𝒆 𝑩
ΣV = 37032.18 kN 𝒆 = −𝑿
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝑩 1 ± 𝑩 B = 52.5 m
𝟐
𝑴 𝟔𝟕𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟏.𝟎𝟕
𝑴= 𝑽×𝑿→𝑿= = = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟖 𝒎
𝑽 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐.𝟏𝟖
52.5
𝒆 = − 18.28 = 7.97 𝒎 (+𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒆
2
𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 6𝒆 37032.18 6 × (7.97)

𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝑩 1 ± 𝑩 = 52.5 1±
52.5
𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
= 1347.87 𝒂𝒏𝒅 62.88 𝒌 𝑵 𝒎 2 𝑷 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 1347.87
𝒎2 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒎2
𝒌𝑵
𝑷𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 62.88
𝒎2
Case (B) Reservoir full Case 𝑷 𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 1347.87 𝑷 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 62.88
𝒎2 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒎2
i) Determination of principal stress at toe

𝜎 = 𝑃𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼 − 𝑃′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
At tail no water so P'=0 and
42
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 = ↔ 𝛼 = 34.99 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
60
3.5
35
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑒 = 𝑃𝑣𝑡𝑜𝑒 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼 − 𝑃′ × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 = 1347.87 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 35 − 0 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
= 1347.87 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 35 = 2008.7 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
i) Determination of principal stress at heel
At empty no water P=0 and

3.5
35
𝜎ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝑃𝑣ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛷 − 𝑃 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛷
= 62.88 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5.71 − 𝛾𝑤 𝐻 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 5.71
= 62.88 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5.71 − 9.81 × 70 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 5.71 = 56.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Case (B) Reservoir full Case 𝑷 𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒐𝒆 = 1347.87 𝑷 𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 = 62.88
𝒎2 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝒎2
i) Shear stress at toe

𝜏 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗 − 𝑷′
𝜏𝑡𝑜𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 − 𝑷′ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 − 𝟎 = 𝑷𝒗𝒕𝒐𝒆 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
= 1347.87 × tan 35 = 943.78 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
i) Shear stress at heel

𝜏ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝒑 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝛾𝑤 𝐻 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 − 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 ×

Case (B) Reservoir full Case
Stability analysis
i) FOS against overturning
𝑴𝑹 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟒. 𝟗
𝑭𝑶𝑺 = = = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟒 > 𝟏. 𝟓 (𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝑶𝑲)
𝑴𝑶 𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟖𝟑
i) Factor of sliding against sliding

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽
𝑭𝑺𝑺 = =
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑯
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟕 × 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐. 𝟏𝟖

𝑭𝑺𝑺 = = = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖 > 𝟏 ( 𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑯 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟒. 𝟔
i) Factor of safety against shear friction

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽 𝑨×𝑪 𝝁 𝑽+𝑨×𝑪 𝝁 𝑽+(𝑩×𝑳)×𝑪 𝝁 𝑽+(𝑩×𝟏)×𝑪
𝑺𝑭𝑭 = = + = = = =
𝑺𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝑯 𝑯 𝑯 𝑯 𝑯
𝝁 𝑽+𝑩×𝑪
𝑯
𝝁 𝑽+𝑩×𝑪 𝟎.𝟕×𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐.𝟖 +𝟓𝟐.𝟓×𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎

𝑺𝑭𝑭 = = = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟑𝟎 > 𝟒 (𝑺𝑨𝑭𝑬)
𝑯 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟒.𝟓

REFERENCES:
1. Irrigation engineering and hydraulic structures by S.K Garg
2. Irrigation and water power engineering BY B C Punmia, Pandee BB

Lal, Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain.
3. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures by SK Sharma.

Lec 6 9 Numerical

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Lec 6 9 Numerical

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Lec_6_Forces acting on Dam (Review)

1. Self weight of Dam

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

3) Up thrust 𝑼 = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

ℎ𝑤 = 0.032 𝑉𝐹 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹 > 32 𝐾𝑚

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Where, ΣV, is Total vertical force, B is base width

ii) Factor of safety against shear friction

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Various forces acting on the dam section are

Considering unit length of dam

ii) Weight of section II

i) Vertical water weight of U/S (Pv1)

ii) Weight of section II

Magnitude of Force in kN.

i) Uplift pressure (U1)

ii) Uplift pressure (U2)

ii) = −27600 kN and it acts at 2 ×

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

ii) Inertial force due to Weight of section II

Magnitude of Force in kN.

i) Hydrostatic force due to U/S water

ii) Hydrostatic force due to D/S tail water

Magnitude of Force in kN.

ii) Inertial force due to Weight of section II

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer,

 Stability analysis of Gravity dam (Numerical)

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

• Also find principal

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Weight of section III

Magnitude of Force in kN. Moment (kNm)

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Magnitude of Force in kN. Moment (kNm)

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Magnitude of Force in kN. Moment (kNm)

Weight of Supported PIV 600.86 51.33 30842.1438

U1 -5264.7 30.67 -161468.349

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

Sum (V) 43470 Self weight (V1)

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

II) Determination of principal stress at heel

i) Shear stress at toe

i) Shear stress at heel

𝜏ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝒑 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 − 𝟎 = 𝑷𝒗𝒉𝒆𝒆𝒍 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑽 6𝒆 37032.18 6 × (7.97)

i) Determination of principal stress at toe

At empty no water P=0 and

i) Shear stress at toe

i) Shear stress at heel

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University

i) Factor of sliding against sliding

𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝝁 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟕 × 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐. 𝟏𝟖

i) Factor of safety against shear friction

𝝁 𝑽+𝑩×𝑪 𝟎.𝟕×𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟑𝟐.𝟖 +𝟓𝟐.𝟓×𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎

Prepared By: Mahesh Raj Bhatt, Lecturer, Kathmandu University