‫كلية الهندسة‬

Faculty of Engineering

Dr. Shaimaa Abd El-Hamid Kandil

Contact details: shaimaa.a.kandil@gmail.com
 Lecture (4)

Switching Mode DC Power

Supplies

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

4. Full-bridge Converter

5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
1- Fly back Converter (Derived from Buck-Boost ):

D + +
S vO
vin L C RL
- -
N1:N2

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Waveforms:
1- Fly back Converter (Derived from Buck-Boost ): Vin

D + + Control signal t
S vO
vin L C RL tON tOFF t
- - iL T
IMax
Imin
N1:N2 Imin

VL t
D N
Vo  Vin  2 Vin Vin
(1  D ) N1 -Vo * (N1/N2)
t
𝑁1 iD Imax * (N1/N2)
𝑉𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 + 𝑉𝑜 ∗ Imin* (N1/N2)
𝑁2
VD t
  N 1 

VS   Vin   Vo    (1  D )
Vo+Vin* (N2/N1) Vo+Vin* (N2/N1)

  N 2  t
is IMax
𝑁2 Imin Imin
𝑉𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑜 + 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗
𝑁1
t
  N  Vs
V D   Vo   Vin  2   D Vin+Vo* (N1/N2)
  N 1 
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

4. Full-bridge Converter

5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
2- Forward Converter (Derived from Buck): Waveforms:
Vin
Practical forward Converter
N :N :N D2 L t
1 3 2 Control signal
+ +
D1 C R v tON tOFF t
Lm1 - L -O IMax
iLm
Imin
vin Imin
D3 t
S
N VLm1
Vo  D Vin  2
N1 Vin Vin
-Vin* (N1/N3)
t
𝑁1 𝑁1 V
𝑉𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1+ ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑠 = 1 + ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗ (1 − 𝐷) D1
𝑁3 𝑁3 Vin* (N2/N1) Vin* (N2/N1)

𝑁2 𝑁2
t
iL
𝑉𝐷1𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑉𝐷1 = 𝐷 ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗
𝑁1 𝑁1 Imax(S)
Imin(S) Imin(s)
𝑁2 𝑁2
𝑉𝐷2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑉𝐷2 = (1 − 𝐷) ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗
𝑁3 𝑁3 VL t

𝑁3 𝑁3 Vin* (N2/N1)-Vo Vin* (N2/N1)-Vo

𝑉𝐷3𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1+ ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝐷3 = 1 + ∗ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 ∗ (1 − 𝐷) -Vo t
𝑁1 𝑁1

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

High frequency transformer

4. Full-bridge Converter Lm ( magnetizing inductance in primary)
Should be as high as possible so that
effect of in switches small.
5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

High frequency transformer

4. Full-bridge Converter Lm ( magnetizing inductance in primary)
Should be as high as possible so that
effect of in switches small
5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T

Operation:

Mode (1) S1 on & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:

Dot coil Coil dot

Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T
V1
(Vin/2 ) (Vin/2 )

Operation: t
Vo1
(Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1)
Mode (1) S1 on & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:
VL t
+ VL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo

+ +
V2 Vo1
t
+ - -
V1
- - iL
V2
+

t
Dot coil Coil dot
Vo
Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T
V1
(Vin/2 ) (Vin/2 )

Operation: t
Vo1
(Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1)
Mode (2) S1 off & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:
VL t
+ VL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo

+ + - Vo
V2 Vo1
t
+ - -
V1
- - iL
V2
+

t
Vo
D1 continues to conduct due to current in L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T
V1
(Vin/2 ) (Vin/2 )

Operation: - (Vin/2 ) t
Vo1
(Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1)
Mode (3) S1 off & S2 on: D1 off & D2 on:
VL t
+ VL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo

+ + - Vo
V2 Vo1
t
+ - -
V1
- - iL
V2
+

t
Coil dot Dot coil
Vo

Energy transferred to the load through D2 and L

t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
PWM
S1 S2 S1
tON ∆ tON ∆ t
T/2 T/2
T
V1
(Vin/2 ) (Vin/2 )

Operation: - (Vin/2 ) t
Vo1
(Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1) (Vin/2 )*(N2/N1)
Mode (4) S1 off & S2 off: D1 off & D2 on:
VL t
+ VL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo

+ + - Vo - Vo
V2 Vo1
t
+ - -
V1
- - iL
V2
+

t
Vo
D2 continues to conduct due to current in L

t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
3- Half Bridge Converter :

Calculation:
Output Voltage: VL
(Vin/2) * (N2/N1)-Vo (Vin/2) * (N2/N1)-Vo
Average voltage of inductor VL=0
-Vo -Vo t
V 
2 *  in  2  Vo  t on  2 * Vo  
N
tON ∆ tON ∆
 2 N1 
T/2
 Vin N 2 
 t on  Vo   t on 
T
 
 2 N 1 

Vin N 2
  
Vo    t on   N 2   Vin  Vo  D  
2 N1
 t on     N1   2 

t 0  D 1 Vo  Vin
let : D  on
t on  
The Converter is step down converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

High frequency transformer

4. Full-bridge Converter Lm ( magnetizing inductance in primary)
Should be as high as possible so that
effect of in switches small.
5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 T
S4
N2
D2

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 T
S4
N2
D2
Operation:
Mode (1) S1 and S2 on & S3 and S4 off:

N2 D1 L

S3 N1 +
S1
C R Vo
vin -

S2 D2 D1 on & D2 off:
S4
N2
Dot coil Coil dot

Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 V1 T
S4
N2 Vin Vin
D2
t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1)
Mode (1) S1 and S2 on & S3 and S4 off:
VL t
V Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
N2 D1 + LL -

S3 N1 + + t
S1 V2 +
Vo1 C R Vo
+ -
vin V
-1
- - iL
-
V
D
S2 +2
2
D1 on & D2 off:
S4 t
N2
Dot coil Coil dot Vo
Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 V1 T
S4
N2 Vin Vin
D2
t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin)*(N2/N1)
Mode (2) S1 and S2 off & S3 and S4 off:
VL t
V Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
N2 D1 + LL -

S3 N1 + + - Vo t
S1 V2 +
Vo1 C R Vo
+ -
vin V1
-
- - iL
-
V
D
S2 +2
2
D1 on & D2 off:
S4 t
N2
Vo
D1 continues to conduct due to current in L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 V1 T
S4
N2 Vin Vin
D2 - Vin t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1) (Vin)*(N2/N1)
Mode (3) S1 and S2 off & S3 and S4 on:
VL t
V Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
N2 D1 + LL -

S3 N1 + + - Vo t
S1 V2 +
Vo1 C R Vo
+ -
vin V1
-
- - iL
-
V
D
S2 +2
2
D1 off & D2 on:
S4 t
N2
Coil dot Dot coil Vo
Energy transferred to the load through D2 and L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter : Waveforms:
N2 D1 L PWM
S1 S3 N1 + S1 & S2 S3 & S4 S1 & S2
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
vin -
T/2 T/2

S2 V1 T
S4
N2 Vin Vin
D2 - Vin t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1) (Vin)*(N2/N1)
Mode (4) S1 and S2 off & S3 and S4 off:
VL t
V Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
N2 D1 + LL -

S3 N1 + + - Vo - Vo t
S1 V2 +
Vo1 C R Vo
+ -
vin V1
-
- - iL
-
V
D
S2 +2
2
D1 off & D2 on:
S4 t
N2
Vo
D2 continues to conduct due to current in L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
4- Full Bridge Converter :

Calculation:
Output Voltage: VL
(Vin) * (N2/N1)-Vo (Vin) * (N2/N1)-Vo
Average voltage of inductor VL=0
-Vo -Vo t
 
2 * Vin  2  Vo  t on  2 * Vo  
N
tON ∆ tON ∆
 N1 
T/2
 N 
Vin  2  t on  Vo   t on 
T

 N1 

N2
   Vo  D Vin 
Vo    t on   N 2  Vin  N1
 t on     N1 

t 0  D 1 Vo  Vin
let : D  on
t on  
The Converter is step down converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Lecture Outlines:

Types of switching mode DC power supplies:

1. Fly-back Converter

2. Forward Converter

3. Half- bridge Converter

High frequency transformer

4. Full-bridge Converter Lm ( magnetizing inductance in primary)
Should be as high as possible so that
effect of in switches small.
5. Push -Pull Converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
S2 S1 N2
D2

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
S2 S1 N2
D2
Operation:
Mode (1) S1 on & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:
N1 N2 D1 + VLL -
+
V1 +
+ +
- V2 Vo1 C R Vo
- -
+ -
vin V1 -
- V2
S2 S1 +
N2
D2
Dot coil Coil dot

Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
V1
S2 S1 N2 Vin Vin
D2
t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1)
Mode (1) S1 on & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:
VL t
N1 N2 D1 + VLL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
+
V1 +
- + + t
V2 Vo1 C R Vo
- -
+ -
- iL
vin V1
- V2
S2 S1 +
N2 t
D2
Dot coil Coil dot Vo

Energy transferred to the load through D1 and L

t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
V1
S2 S1 N2 Vin Vin
D2
t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1)
Mode (2) S1 off & S2 off: D1 on & D2 off:
VL t
N1 N2 D1 + VLL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
+
V1 + - Vo
- + + t
V2 Vo1 C R Vo
- -
+ -
- iL
vin V1
- V2
S2 S1 +
N2 t
D2
Vo
D1 continues to conduct due to current in L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
V1
S2 S1 N2 Vin Vin
D2
- Vin t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1)
Mode (3) S1 off & S2 on: D1 off & D2 on:
VL t
N1 N2 D1 + VLL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
+
V1 + - Vo
- + + t
V2 Vo1 C R Vo
- -
+ -
- iL
vin V1
- V2
S2 S1 +
N2 t
D2
Coil dot Dot coil Vo
Energy transferred to the load through D2 and L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter : Waveforms:
N1 N2 D1 L PWM
+ S1 S2 S1
C R Vo tON ∆ tON ∆ t
-
T/2 T/2
vin T
V1
S2 S1 N2 Vin Vin
D2
- Vin t
Operation: Vo1
(Vin)*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1) (Vin )*(N2/N1)
Mode (4) S1 off & S2 off: D1 off & D2 on:
VL t
N1 N2 D1 + VLL - Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo Vo1 - Vo
+
V1 + - Vo - Vo
- + + t
V2 Vo1 C R Vo
- -
+ -
- iL
vin V1
- V2
S2 S1 +
N2 t
D2
Coil dot Dot coil Vo
D2 continues to conduct due to current in L
t
Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
5- Push Pull Converter :

Calculation:
Output Voltage: VL
(Vin) * (N2/N1)-Vo (Vin) * (N2/N1)-Vo
Average voltage of inductor VL=0
-Vo -Vo t
 
2 * Vin  2  Vo  t on  2 * Vo  
N
tON ∆ tON ∆
 N1 
T/2
 N 
Vin  2  t on  Vo   t on 
T

 N1 

N2
   Vo  D Vin 
Vo    t on   N 2  Vin  N1
 t on     N1 

t 0  D 1 Vo  Vin
let : D  on
t on  
The Converter is step down converter

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32

 Switching Mode DC Power Supplies
Typical maximum output power available from each topology:

Converter Topology Maximum output power

Flyback 200W

Forward 300W

Push-pull 500W

Half bridge 1000W

Full bridge >1000W

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33

 Good Luck…….

Dr. Shaimaa A. Kandil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34