Techniques of Integration

A. Integration by Substitution

3 An explicit substitution is often called a u-substitution. The basic idea here is that
it may be possible to recast a given non-basic integral in the initial variable (usually x) as
a basic integral in the substituted variable (usually u). In other words, the goal is to get
back to one of the known integrals listed in the last section.
3
3

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Activity 1 – Integration by Substitution
B. Integration by parts

To use this formula, we will need to identify u and dv, compute du and v and
then use the formula. Note as well that computing v is very easy. All we need
to do is integrate dv.

v = ∫ dv
One of the more complicated things about using this formula is you need to be able to
correctly identify both the u and the dv. How do we know if we made the correct choice
for u and dv? The answer is actually pretty simple. We made the correct choices
for u and dv if, after using the integration by parts formula the new integral (the one on
the right of the formula) is one we can actually integrate.

Example 1. ∫ 𝒙𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Example 2. ∫ √𝒙 𝒍𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Example 3. ∫ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Example 4. ∫ 𝒕𝒆−𝟑𝒕 𝒅𝒕

Example 5. ∫(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Activity 2. Integration by Parts