CENTRIODS, MOMENT OF INERTIA & RADIUS OF

GYRATION.
 The centroid is a weighted average like the center of
gravity, but weighted with a geometric property like the
area or volume. And not the physical property like weight or
mass. This means that centroids are properties of pure
shapes, not physical objects. They represent the coordinates
of the “middle” of the shape.
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid

½b

½h
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid
 Properties of Plane Figures

Figure Centroid
Properties of Plane Areas
Properties of Plane Areas
Properties of Plane Areas
Properties of Plane Areas
Properties of Plane Areas
 Find the centroid of the rectangle Find the centroid of the quarter circular area

Given: Given:
y

r = 2.5mm

ẋ
b
ȳ

x
a
Find the centroid:
Find the centroid:
Figure Area ẋ ȳ
Figure Area ẋ ȳ
Quarter Circle 4.17 1.061 1.061
Rectangle 15 000 50 75
Area: Solve for ẋ :
Area: Solve for ẋ : Solve for ȳ :
A = 2/3ab ẋ =4r / 3p
A = bh ẋ =1/2 (100) ȳ =1/2 (150) A = 2/3 (2.5)(2.5) ẋ =4(2.5) / 3p
A = (100)(150)
ẋ = 50 ȳ = 75 A = 4.17 mm2 ẋ = 1.061 mm
A = 15 000 mm2
Since ẋ = ȳ
Therefore: ȳ =1.061 mm
 Find the centroid of the triangle Find the centroid of the parabolic area

Given: Given:

= 3.5 =5

=4
=4

Find the centroid: Find the centroid:

Figure Area ẋ ȳ Figure Area ẋ ȳ

Triangle 7 2.5 1.17 Parabolic Area 13.33 1.5 2.4

Area: Solve for ẋ : Solve for ȳ : Area: Solve for ẋ : Solve for ȳ :

A = 1/2bh ẋ =(3.50+4) / 3 ȳ = 3.5 / 3 A = 2ab / 3 ẋ =3(4) / 8 ȳ = 3(4) / 5

A = 1/2 (4)(3.5) A = 2 (5)(4) / 3
ẋ = 2.5 ȳ = 1.17 ẋ = 1.5 ȳ = 2.4
A=7 A = 13.33
 COMPOSITE AREAS
Find the centroid of the composite area Sum the centroids of two areas to
Solve for ẋ : (segment A) find the centroid with ẋ and ȳ
Given:
ẋ = ½ (25) ∑ ẋAA+ẋAB
y 100 mm Cẋ =
ẋ = 12.5 + 37.5 AA+AB
ẋ = 50mm
ẋ (50)(1875) + (50)(2500)

25mm
B Solve for ȳ : (segment A) Cẋ =
ȳ 1875 + 2500
C=? +
ẋ ȳ = ½ (75) Cẋ = 50mm

75mm
x1 ȳ ȳ = 37.5mm
ȳ ∑ ȳAA+ȳAB
A Solve for ẋ : (segment B) Cȳ =
0 x AA+AB
37.5mm 25mm 37.5mm ẋ = ½ (100) (37.5)(1875) + (87.5)(2500)
ẋ = 50mm Cȳ =
1875 + 2500
Segment Area ẋ ȳ Solve for ȳ : (segment B) Cȳ = 66.07mm
A 1875 50 37.5 ȳ = ½ (25)
B 2500 50 87.5 ȳ = 12.5 + 75
ȳ = 87.5mm
Area A: Area B:
A = (25)(75) A = (25)(100)
A = 1875 A = 2500
Determine ȳ, which locates the centroidal axis x’ for the cross-sectional area of the T-beam

0
1

Segment Area mm2 ȳ (mm) ȳA (mm3)

1 3000 10 30000
2 3000 75+20 = 95 285000
Determine ȳ, which locates the centroidal axis x’ for the cross-sectional area of the T-beam and then find the
moments of inertia Ix and Iy.

0
1

Segment Area mm2 ȳ (mm) ȳA (mm3)

1 3000 10 30000
2 3000 75+20 = 95 285000
Moment of Inertia. The moment of inertia about the x axis for each segment can be determined using the
parallel axis theorem, Ix = Ix + Ad2y

+
Determine the moment of inertia for the beam’s cross sectional
area about the x axis.

Moment of Inertia. The moment of inertia about x axis for each segment can be
determined using the parallel axis theorem, Ix = Ix + Ad2y
.

+ +
Determine the moment of inertia for the beam’s cross sectional
area about the y axis.
Moment of Inertia. The moments of inertia about the y axis for each segment can
be determined using the parallel axis theorem, Ix = Ix + Ad2y
.

+ +
Given: y

h = 80 cm
x

b = 20 cm
For the radius of gyration along x h
Solve for area of the Rectangle
or 2√3
A = bh = 20 x 80 = 1600 cm2 kx = √ 853333
1600 80 80
Moment of Inertia
kx = 23.10cm or 231mm 2√3 3.464
Ix = bh3 = 20 x 803 = 853333 cm4
23.10cm or 231mm
12 12
Iy = hb3 = 80 x 20 = 53333 cm
3 4
b
12 12 √
ky = 53333
1600 2√3
Formula for the Radius of Gyration ky = 5.77cm or 57.7mm 20 20
2√3 3.464

5.77cm or 57.7mm