ELASTICITY, STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS

▪ Strain is the ratio of change in length caused by the applied force to the original
length. It is also known as unit deformation.
( ALM )(gL^2
2E
)
 A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and a length of 150 m is suspended
vertically from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of
steel is 7850 kg/m3 and E =200 × 103 MN/m2, find the total elongation of the rod.

Where: P=W= 7850 (9.81)(300)(150) / 10^6

P = 3465.3825 N
L = 75 (1000) = 75000mm
A = 300 mm2
E = 200 MPa

Total elongation
4.33 + 50 = 54.33 mm
 A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and a length of 150 m is suspended
vertically from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of
steel is 7850 kg/m3 and E =200 × 103 MN/m2, find the total elongation of the rod.

Another Solution:

Elongation 1 Elongation 2

7850(9.81)(150)2 (1000) (20)(1000)(150)(1000)

2 (200 x 109) 300 (200 x 103)

4.33 mm 50 mm

Total elongation
4.33 + 50 = 54.33 mm
 A steel wire 30 ft long, hanging vertically, supports a load of 500 lb. Neglecting the weight of the wire,
determine the required diameter if the stress is not to exceed 20 ksi and the total elongation is not to exceed 0.20
in. Assume E = 29 × 106 psi.

d= 0.0314 in

d= 0.0389 in
An aluminum bar having a cross-sectional area of 0.5 in2 carries the axial loads applied at the positions.
Compute the total change in length of the bar if E = 10 × 106 psi. Assume the bar is suitably braced to
prevent lateral buckling.

ẟ=ẟ1-ẟ2+ẟ3

6000(3x12) 1000(5x12) 4000(4x12)

ẟ= - +
0.5(10x106) 0.5(10x106) 0.5(10x106)

348 000
ẟ=
5 000 000

ẟ = 0.0696 inch (lengthening)

 A steel wire 10 M long hanging vertically supports a tensile stress of 2000 N. neglecting the weight
of the wire, determine the required diameter if the stress is not to exceed 140 MPa and the total
elongation is not exceed 5mm. Assume E = 200 GPa.

Solution:

From stress: From elongation:

P=AS

2000 = (p/4 d2) (140) (2000)(10)(1000)

5=
d = 4.26 mm (p/4 d2)(200 x 103)
(20000000)(4)
d2 = /(200 x 103)
(5p)
d2 = √ 5092958.179 /200 000

d = 5.05 mm

Use d = 5.05 mm
 An aluminum bar having a cross-sectional area of 160 mm2 carries the axial loads at the positions
shown in the figure. If E = 70 EPa, compute the total deformation of the bar. Assume that the bar is
suitably braced to prevent buckling.

(35000)(800)
= 2.5 mm
1
(160)(70x103) (tension) +
tension tension (20000)(1000)
compression = 1.786 mm
2
(160)(70x103) (tension) +
(10000)(600)
= 0.536 mm
3
(160)(70x103) (compression) -

Solution: Total deformation:

1 + 2
- 3

2.5 + 1.786 -0.536

3.75 mm (elongation)
 A rigid bar AB attached to two vertical rods is horizontal before the load is applied. If the load P = 50kN

a. Determine the force carried by the aluminum

b. Determine the force carried by the steel
c. Compute the vertical movement under the load

Solution:
a. Force carried by the aluminum
∑MA= 0 c.Vertical movement under the load
Pa (5) = 50kN (2M) steel ẟ=
PL
Pa = 100
AE
5 (30,000) (3000) (20,000) (4000)
ẟs= (300)(200x103) ẟa= (500)(70x103)
Pa = 20 kN
ẟs= 1.5 mm ẟa= 2.286 mm
b. Force carried by the steel
Ps Pa Ps+ Pa = 50 ẟa -ẟs = 2.286 – 1.5
Ps = 50 - 20 ẟa -ẟs = 0.786
Ps = 30 kN ẟp -ẟs
ẟs 0.786
P ẟp ẟa =
5 2
ẟp -ẟs
ẟa - ẟs ẟp
ẟp = 0.314 + ẟs
2
ẟp -ẟs = 2 (0.786) ẟp = 0.314 + 1.5
5 5 ẟp = 1.814 mm
ẟp -ẟs = 0.314