Name Jennifer Jin

LS7B Week 2 Lab Worksheet

Part 1. Modeling Meiosis

Draw the chromosomes as they would appear in each cell shown in the diagram below. Include Gene A and Gene D in
your drawings and be sure to designate which genes/alleles are present in each cell. Double check that the alignment
for the chromosomes is accurate during metaphase I and metaphase II, assume no crossing over.

Gene Durian
Yellow chromosomes,
alleles labeled “D” and “d”.
Gene Apple
Red chromosomes,
alleles labeled “A” and “a”

DD dd

AA aa

DD dd

aa
AA

DD dd

AA aa

d d
D D
a
A A a
1. Explain Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment.
Mendel's principles of segregation states that only one copy of the homologous chromosome (meiosis I) or sister
chromatid (meiosis II) will be in each gamete. Independent assortment states that each homologous chromosome
does not influence how the other will separate and the pairs of alleles can segregate randomly.
2. Assuming no crossing over, does segregation of alleles occur in meiosis I or II? Explain your reasoning.
Segregation of variant alleles from homologous chromosomes occur in meiosis 1.

3. Assuming no crossing over, does assortment of genes take place in meiosis I or II? Explain your reasoning.
Assortment of genes happens when the genes line up and then separate in meiosis 1.

Part II Modelling Non-Disjunction – In the following cells model what would result if the larger
chromosome (with the A and a alleles) experienced NDJ in Meiosis I. (Assume no crossing over)

DD dd

AA aa

DD dd

AA
aa

DD
dd
AA

aa

A d d
D D
a
A
a
Modelling Non-Disjunction – In the following cells model what would result if the larger chromosome
(with the A and a alleles) experienced NDJ in Meiosis II. (Assume no crossing over)

DD dd

AA aa

DD dd

AA aa

dd
DD

AA aa

d d
D D
A
A a a

1. How many different allele combinations in the gametes are produced when meiosis occurs without NDJ
compared to when NDJ occurs, in the larger chromosome (the smaller chromosome proceeds through meiosis
correctly) in Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
There are 2 different combinations of alleles in gametes in normal meiosis (for this problem). There are 2
different combinations of alleles in gametes from NDJ in meiosis 1. In NDJ of meiosis 2, there are 3
different combinations of alleles in the gametes.
Part 3. Using Punnett squares, determine the phenotypes of offspring that the following parents could produce. For
some situations, there could be more than one genotype for at least one of the parents. In these cases, be sure to
include Punnett squares for all possibilities.
1. An autosomal recessive trait with an unaffected XX parent and an affected XY parent.
A a XX A A XX
a Aa aa Aa Aa
a
= 50%
= 0% probability of
probability of
affected child
a affected child a Aa Aa
Aa aa

XY XY
2. An autosomal dominant trait with an affected XX parent and an unaffected XY parent.
A a XX A A
XX

Aa aa a Aa Aa
a

= 50% of = 100% of affected child

a Aa affected child a Aa Aa
aa (Aa)
XY
3. An X-linked recessive trait with an unaffected XX parent and an affected XY parent.
X X X X

X XX XX X XX XX
= 0% probability = 50% probability of
of affected child affected of both genders
Y XY XY Y XY XY

4. An X-linked dominant trait with an unaffected XX parent and an affected XY parent.

X X

X XX XX

= 100% probability of female affected child

0% probability of male affected child
Y XY XY
= 50%