Week9 Laboratory4 State Space Groufie

Feedback and Control System
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

TAGUIG CITY
The Technological University of the Philippines shall be the premiere state Laboratory Tile: State-Space Model
university and the model of excellence in technology education in the country Laboratory No: 4
in a knowledge-based economy of the 21st century.
Faculty: Engr. Rica Jane Y. Kosca Section: BSECE SEP 3A
Section: Electronics Section Laboratory No.: 4 Group Name GROUFIE
Department: Electrical & Allied Department Date Submitted: MARCH 24. 2022 Page 1 of 5
Members
No. Name Task Assigned
1 CUETO, DANIELLA MARIE Complex Circuit
2 MACALABA. ALIYAH KAIRA Simple Circuit
3 MANONGSONG, JOIZ MARIE Simple Circuit
4 NUEVA, ZEUS ANTHONY Complex Circuit
5 RESURRECCION, KIAN IRAH Complex Circuit
6 ROLDAN, JAMIRINE MAE Complex Circuit
Objectives
1. Derive the State-Space Equation Model of the Simple Circuit (from Laboratory 3 Transfer Function).
2. Simulate the State-Space Model in Matlab to generate the response curve.
3. Develop skill in Matlab to derive the State-Space Equation of the Complex Circuit (from Laboratory 3 Function).
4. Analyze the response performances of the Transfer Functions versus the State-Space Model.
Materials
Laptop and Matlab Tool
References/ Related Documents
1. Topic 1 https://youtu.be/wx2Xl7ak7Gs
2. Topic 2a https://youtu.be/17hq5fYMiKk
3. Topic 2b https://youtu.be/V9fSopQCAf4
4. Topic 3 https://youtu.be/ufmT11iMPDg
5. Topic 4a https://youtu.be/ls3dGfPNBkU
6. Topic 4b https://youtu.be/BHP7kuKccOc
7. Lab activity 1 Transfer Function to State-Space Conversion (Example 1): https://youtu.be/3FZqA9sXfe8
8. Lab activity 2 Transfer Function to State-Space Conversion (Example 2): https://youtu.be/4DIX6C-oAoY
9. Lab activity 3 Stat-Space to Transfer Function Conversion (Example 1): https://youtu.be/MLb_bszZrfQ
Basic Principle
State-Space Model
The modern approach in designing and analyzing control systems is through the use of state-space representation. This
mathematical model is used in applications such as space explorations. It is is used to represent nonlinear systems that have
saturation (amplifier), dead zone (motor) backlash (gear). Unlike the transfer function, this model can handle conveniently systems
with non-zero initial conditions Through state-space modeling, a system could be represented with a digital computer or model the
system for digital simulation.
A system is represented in state space by the following equations: (1) State-space equation and (2) output equation.
1 You may delete the blue boxes once you pasted your figures. Have a screenshot of your Matlab works and paste in the correspon ding figures.
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Figure 1 State-Space Equations and the Legend
(a)
(b)
Figure 2 (a) Second-Order Circuit; (b) The State-Space Representation Equations
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Figure 3 Matlab Script for Transfer Function
(a) (b)
Figure 4 (a) The State-Space and Transfer Function Parameters;

(b) The Second-order Response Curve and Characteristics
Conversion of Transfer Function to State-Space and Vice-versa
Modern applications of control system are complicated and sophisticated that state variables (e.g. is the five degrees of
freedom of a robotic arm), leads to challenging solution of state equations. Software tools, like Matlab, are convenient tool to use
not just in system simulation, but as well as for mathematical derivations.
If the transfer function of the system is already known, conversion to state-space will be very useful that deriving the
model from scratch, as well as for the reverse procedure. In the same manner, a designer might be good in doing one model and
not in the other, thus different avenue on deriving a system model will be advantageous.
Figure 5 and 6 illustrates the conversion process from transfer function to state-space and state-space to transfer
function respectively. The same system is used to show that there should be the same response.
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Figure 5 Matlab Script for Converting Transfer Function to State-Space Model
Figure 6 Matlab Script for Converting State-Space to Transfer Function Model
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Laboratory Procedure
Simulating State-Space Model
1.0 Draw the Simple Circuit designed from Laboratory 3 Transfer Function.
Figure 7 Simple Series Circuit
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2.0 Using the simple series circuit in Laboratory 3 Transfer Function, solve the state-space equation then write your solution.
Figure 8 Series Circuit State-Space Solution
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3.0 Using the Matlab tool, write the script for the state-space equation (see Figure 3).
Figure 9 Matlab Script for a State-Space Model of Series Circuit
4.0 Present the State-Space Equation parameters, the output Response Curve and its Characteristics (see Figure 4)
Figure 10 The State-Space and Transfer Function Parameters, Response Curve and Characteristics
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Answer the guide questions in the Observation below.

Converting Transfer Function to State-space and Vise-versa using Matlab Tool
5.0 Draw the Complex Circuit designed from Laboratory 3 Transfer Function.
Figure 11 Complex Circuit
6.0 Using the Matlab tool, write the script for converting transfer function equation to state-space equation (see Figure 5).
Figure 12 Matlab Script of Complex Circuit, Transfer Function to State-Space Model
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Figure 13 Transfer Function Equation and the Matlab Converted Space-Space Equation for Complex Circuit
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Figure 14 The Transfer Function and State-Space Parameters, Response Curve and Characteristics
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7.0 Using the Matlab tool, write the script for converting the derived state-space equation to transfer function equation (see Figure
6).
Figure 15 Matlab Script of Complex Circuit, State-Space to Transfer Function
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Figure 16 State-Space Equation and Matlab Converted Transfer Function Equation for Complex Circuit
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Figure 17 The State-Space and Transfer Function Parameters, Response Curve and Characteristics of Complex Circuit,
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8.0 Using the Matlab tool, write the script for converting the derived state-space equation to transfer function equation (see Figure
6).
Figure 18 Draw the Equivalent Block Diagram of your Complex Circuit.
Answer the guide question in the Observation below.
Observation and Conclusion
Instruction:
1. State-Space Model simulation for Simple Circuit (group discussion here)

a. Study your Figure 10 and compare with the result in Laboratory 3 Transfer Function of Simple Circuit.
- By using the state-space equation and its parameters in Matlab, the graph shows the output response
curve with an initial high amplitude, descending briefly and goes steady as time progresses. The output
response of the circuit has no disturbance, and the duration is a quick process that acts like a high pass
filter. The curve performs as a smooth performance as the steady state is constant after the brief
response time that took place. In this observation, it is shown that the output response curve of the
simple circuit transfer function in laboratory 3 is the same as the output response curve shown in figure
10.
b. Did you get the same system response curve and characteristics using the transfer function versus the state-
space? Explain your result if they should be the same or not.
- Yes, transfer function is converted into State space to become easier to understand and to manipulate
tye property of any system. State space representation is more applicable to non linear system and any
multiple input and output system.
2. Transfer Function to State-Space Conversion and vice-versa for Complex Circuit (group discussion here)
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a. After converting from TF to SS and back from SS to TF, did you derive back the correct transfer function equation?
Explain your result if they should be the same or not.
- We can easily see from the data obtained through the MATLAB simulation that we have returned the
correct transfer function equation to its original equation. The result should be the same since, even if
their functions alter, the system's transfer function remains the same, and the conversion to state-space
can be beneficial in both deriving a model from scratch and reverse procedures. They should also be the
same because if you use the same system to convert from transfer function to state-space and from
state-space to transfer, the procedure and response will be the same.
b. Compare the output response curve and characteristics from Figure 14 and 17 and the output result of Complex
Circuit from Laboratory 3 Transfer Function.
3. Write a group conclusion on the learning that you have gained based from the objectives. (To be written in the individual
assignment).
a. State-Space versus the transfer function model.
- Compared to the state-space function, the transfer function is a much more common technique. We can
witness the innovation and advancement in terms of method usage with them. As a result of the state-
space method, data from simple and complex circuits can be shown in a more expansive and flexible
manner.
b. Use of Matlab to derive either transfer function model and state-space model.
- Matlab is a really useful tool for visualizing the output of the circuit we built and the computations we
performed. It makes our life easier by allowing us to type in such numbers and programs and
immediately view graphs and output on our screens, especially in the case of the transfer function and
the state-space model.
c. Response curve and characteristics generated as representation of system performance.
- A graph illustrating the amplitude of a sensitive device's response to a changing stimulus. The properties
and performance of sensitive emulsions are described by a curve displayed on a graph from two axes,
exposure and density. Describe the relationship between each item and the ability, as measured on an
ability scale. The chance of correctly answering an item is plotted against different levels of skill in an
item response curve.
Submission Requirements
1. Use this template in writing your laboratory report.

2. Assign to each member of the group the different tasks, with one additional task as finalizing/editing this group report.
3. You submit your group laboratory report in your corresponding group channels.
4. Use the filename format: Week9 Laboratory4_State-Space_ Function_GroupName
5. The submission due for group lab report will be on 24 March 2022 at 1:20 PM.
6. No more individual observation and conclusion, prepare for oral report to be scheduled after the next lecture.
7. Criteria for grade is as follows: 70% Groupwork, 30% individual task assigned.

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Feedback and Control System

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Laptop and Matlab Tool

References/ Related Documents

Figure 1 State-Space Equations and the Legend

Figure 2 (a) Second-Order Circuit; (b) The State-Space Representation Equations

Figure 3 Matlab Script for Transfer Function

Figure 4 (a) The State-Space and Transfer Function Parameters;

Conversion of Transfer Function to State-Space and Vice-versa

Figure 5 Matlab Script for Converting Transfer Function to State-Space Model

Figure 6 Matlab Script for Converting State-Space to Transfer Function Model

Simulating State-Space Model

Figure 7 Simple Series Circuit

Figure 8 Series Circuit State-Space Solution

Figure 9 Matlab Script for a State-Space Model of Series Circuit

Answer the guide questions in the Observation below.

Figure 11 Complex Circuit

Figure 12 Matlab Script of Complex Circuit, Transfer Function to State-Space Model

Figure 15 Matlab Script of Complex Circuit, State-Space to Transfer Function

Figure 18 Draw the Equivalent Block Diagram of your Complex Circuit.

Answer the guide question in the Observation below.

Observation and Conclusion

1. State-Space Model simulation for Simple Circuit (group discussion here)

1. Use this template in writing your laboratory report.

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