Examination Guidelines for Fluid Mechanics

Please read carefully

THERE ARE TWO SET OF QUESTIONS IN THE EXAMINATION. THE FIRST IS THE ESSAY QUESTION AND THE
OTHER IS MCQ QUESTION. THE ESSAY QUESTION NEEDS TO BE CARRIED OUT IN THE CLASSROOM ON
FRIDAY, THE 1ST OF JULY 2022 AT 1.00 - 2.40 PM. WHILE THE MCQ WILL BE CARRIED OUT ONLINE USING THE
SOFIA INDEPENDENT EXAMINATION SYSTEM (SIES). THE TIME WILL BE SET FOR THE EXAM AND THE EXAM
WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON SUNDAY NIGHT THE 3RD OF JULY AT 8 – 9 PM.
THE STUDENT WILL BE ASKED TO BE READY ON THAT TIME WITH A WINDOWS PC OR LAPTOP. WINDOWS 10
OPERATING SYSTEM ARE BETTER REQUIRED, OR THE UPDATED WINDOWS 7 WILL WORK FINE.
THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS ARE THE FIRST TYPE IF THE EXAM. PLEASE DO YOUR WORK ON THE ANSWER
SHEET PROVIDED BY THE SCHOOL.

Laminar Flow in an Annulus

1. A viscous liquid ρ=1.18× 103 kg/m2 ; μ=0.0045 N . s /m 2 flows at a rate of 12 ml/ sthrough a
horizontal, 4 mm diameter tube.
a) Determine the pressure drop along a 1 m length of the tube whish is far from tube
entrance so that the only component of velocity is parallel to the tube axis.
b) If a 2 mm diameter rod is placed in the 4 mm diameter tube to form a symmetric
annulus, what is the pressure drop along a 1 m length if the flowrate remains the
same as in part (a)?

Potential flow −¿ free Vortex.

2. A liquid drain from a large tank through a small opening is illustrated in the following Figure.

A vortex forms whose velocity distribution away from the tank opening can be
approximated as that of a free vortex having a velocity potential
Γ
ϕ= θ
2π
 Determine an expression relating the surface shape to the strength of the vortex as
specified by the circulation Γ .

Potential Flow Sink.

3. A non-viscous, incompressible fluid flows between wedge-shaped walls into a small opening
as shown in the following figure.

Determine the volume rate of flow (per unit length) into the opening!

Determination of Pi Terms.
4. An open, cylindrical paint can having a diameter D is filled to a depth h with paint having a
specific weight γ . The vertical deflection, δ , of a center of the bottom is a function of
D , h , d , γ ,∧E , where d is the thickness of the bottom and E is the modulus of elasticity of
the bottom material.

Determine the functional relationship between the vertical deflection, δ , and the independent
variables using dimensional analysis.
Conservation of Mass−¿Steady, Incompressible Flow
5. A great danger to workers in confined spaces involves the consumption of breathable air
(oxygen) and its replacement with other gases such as carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ). To prevent this
from happening, confined spaces need to be ventilated. Although there is no standard for
air exchange rates, a complete change of the air every 3 minutes has been accepted by
industry as providing effective ventilation.
A worker is performing maintenance in a small rectangular tank eith a height of 10 ft and a
square base 6 ft by 6 ft . Fresh air enters through an 8∈¿ diameter hose ad exits through a
4 ∈¿ diameter port on the tank wall. The flow is assumed steady and incompressible.
Determine
a) The exchange rate needed ft 3 /min for this tank and
b) The velocity of the air entering and exiting the tank at this exchange rate.

END