FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

Source: https://www.explorermagazin.de/amstar/amaut_e.htm Source: https://metallurgyandmaterials.wordpress.com/2015/12/25/liberty-ship-failures/

Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Philippe Rigo
Fatigue locations
Hot spots locations:

Hot spots: identified possible locations of fatigue failure.

Welded details Non-welded details

Toe Root Free-edges

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 2 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Weld - types

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 3 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue locations
Hot spots locations

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 4 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue locations

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 5 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue locations

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 6 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue locations

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 7 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method

Hot spots locations:

Notch stress - 𝝈𝒌

Hot spot stress - 𝝈𝒉𝒔

Nominal stress - 𝝈𝒏

Toe

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 8 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves - Nominal Stress

Considers:
• Applied load and sectional area
• Effects of macro-geometric shape,
e.g. cutouts, curved beams, wide
plates

Disregards:
• Stress raising effects of local
structural details/ discontinuities
• Effect of local notch, i.e. weld toe

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 9 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves - Nominal Stress
Nominal stress calculation - 𝝈𝒏
Structural mechanics OR Coarse FEM Mesh

𝐹
𝜎𝑛,𝑚𝑒𝑚 =
𝐴
𝑀𝑏
𝜎𝑛,𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 𝑧
𝐼
𝜎𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 = SCF . 𝜎𝑛
FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 10 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato
SN Curves – Hot spot Stress

Considers:
• Sectional area stress
• Effects of macro-geometric shape
• Stress raising effects of local
structural details

Disregards:
• Effect of local notch, i.e. weld toe

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 11 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Hot spot Stress
Hot spot stress calculation - 𝝈𝒉𝒔
Simple structural mechanics / OR Fine FEM Mesh
Coarse Mesh
&
Stress concentration factor
(SCF)

𝜎ℎ𝑠 = 𝜎𝑛 ⋅ 𝑆𝐶𝐹ℎ𝑠 = 𝜎𝑛 ⋅ 𝑘ℎ𝑠

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 12 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Hot spot Stress
Hot spot stress calculation - 𝝈𝒉𝒔
Fine FEM Mesh Extrapolation
+

Mesh size = t x t

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 13 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method

Hot spots locations:

Notch stress - 𝝈𝒌

Hot spot stress - 𝝈𝒉𝒔

Nominal stress - 𝝈𝒏

Toe

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 14 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves - Notch Stress

Considers:
• Sectional area stress
• Effects of macro-geometric shape
• Local stress raising effects
• Effect of the local notch

Disregards:
• ….

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 15 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

 SN Curves - Notch Stress

Notch stress calculation - 𝝈𝒌

Simple structural OR Fine FEM Mesh OR Fine FEM Mesh
mechanics / Coarse Mesh & &
& Notch factor (𝒌𝒌 ) Weld geometry
Stress concentration
factor (𝒌𝒉𝒔 )
&
𝜎𝑘 = 𝜎ℎ𝑠 ⋅ 𝑘𝑘
Notch factor (𝒌𝒌 )

𝜎𝑘 = 𝜎𝑛 ⋅ 𝑘ℎ𝑠 ⋅ 𝑘𝑘

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 16 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method

Hot spots locations – SN Curves!

Notch stress - 𝝈𝒌

Hot spot stress - 𝝈𝒉𝒔

Nominal stress - 𝝈𝒏

Toe

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 17 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method
Hot spots locations – SN Curves!

• Nominal stress SN curves

• Hot spot stress SN curves

• Notch stress SN curves

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 18 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method
Hot spots locations – SN Curves!

o Notch stress
Complexity

SN curves

o Hotspot stress
SN curves

o Nominal stress SN curves

“Accuracy”
FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 19 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato
SN Curves – Stress range method
Nominal SN Curves

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 20 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method
Nominal / hot spot SN Curves

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 21 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

SN Curves – Stress range method
Nominal / hot spot SN Curves

DNVGL-CG-0129. Appendix A.

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 22 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue loading (Rainflow counting)

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 23 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue loading (Rainflow counting)

http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/wafo/

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 24 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato

Fatigue loading (Rainflow counting)

When the stress time series is rotated 90

degrees, the counting algorithm starts:
• at the beginning of the series
• at every peak where a previous rainflow
drops away
• at every trough

Every rainflow stops:

• at the end of the signal
• when it encounters the bottom of a
trough
• when it encounters a flow from above

FATIGUE OF SHIPS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES 25 Nandar Hlaing, Pablo G. Morato