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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SAND FILTER AND

SEPARATOR
A THESIS
Submitted by
SHUBHAKAR D 1SI19ME418
MOHAMMAD AASIM B 1SI19ME407
JUNAID YASEER 1SI19ME404
RAMKRISHNA 1SI17ME090
Is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
TUMAKURU-572103
JULY 2022

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Sree Siddaganga Education Society (R)
SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University-Belagavi, Approved by AICTE,
Programme Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & ISO 9001:2016 Certified)
Tumakuru-572103, Karnataka India
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Major Project entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SAND
FILTER AND SEPARATOR” is carried out by Junaid Yaseeer 1SI19ME404 are bonafide
students of Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, and submitted in partial fulfilment
of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021-22. It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report deposited in the departmental library. The Major Project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Major Project work prescribed for the said
Degree.
Dr. B. Vasudeva Dr. H.R. Purushothama

Associate Professor Professor & Head of Department
Department of Mechanical Engg Department of Mechanical Engg
Guide HOD
Dr. S.V. DINESH

Principal
External Examiners:
1. .........
2. .........

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THESIS CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SAND
FILTER AND SEPARATOR” submitted to the Siddaganga Institute of Technology, for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering is a bonafide record of project work carried
out by us under the supervision of DR. B. VASUDEVA. The contents of this thesis, in full or
in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any
degree or diploma.
SHUBHAKAR D 1SI19ME418
MOHAMMAD AASIM B 1SI19ME407
JUNAID YASEER 1SI19ME404
RAMKRISHNA 1SI17ME090
Place: Tumakuru, Karnataka
Date: July 2022

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It gives me a sense of fulfillment to write few words to acknowledge people…..
We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude and sincere pranams to Karnataka
Rathna, His Holiness Dr. Sree Sree Sree Shivakumara Mahaswamigalu, Founder President
of Siddaganga Math, Tumkur, who is beacon light to the student’s community and to His
Holiness Sree Sree Siddalinga Mahaswamigalu, President, Sree Siddaganga Education
Society.
We proudly express our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal, Dr. S.V. DINESH, who is a
source of inspiration to all of us for his guidance and suggestion all the time.
Our heart fill with joy to pay our respectful thanks to Professor Dr. H.R.
PURUSHOTHAMA, Head of the Department, Mechanical Engineering. And to our Guide
for his excellent guidance on completing our Project Work right on time.
Our heart feels with joy to pay our deep sense of gratitude and most respectful thanks to our
Guide, Dr. B. Vasudeva, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his excellent guidance
in completing our project well on time.
We express our gratefulness and gratitude to our project co-ordinators, Dr. H.C. Madhu and
Dr. Gautham M.G. , for attending our major project presentation for approving our product.
We can’t forget the guidance and assistance rendered to us by the members of the staff both
teaching and non-teaching staff of Mechanical Engineering Department and all our entire
friend for their encouragement and help at all time.

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ABSTRACT
Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient. Sand is used at different

stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e., plaster. The sand
needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction, i.e., size of sand for
construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine. According to
the current situation, society of labour, salary, and for automatic operation elimination of
labour work is necessary for the future days.
A sieve is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material in the mixture to
have uniform distribution of a sample, typically using a woven screen such as a mesh or net.
This project focuses on design, fabrication and performance evaluation of sand filter and
separator. The main objective is to sieve the adulterated sand in an effective way such that it
saves a lot of time, labour and money.
The sand filter unit works with the help of electric motor and sieves the sand in short interval
of time. The mechanism is simple where a motor operates the model through crank and
pulley mechanism and the power transmission is done by belt drive. The hopper will be
implemented so that manual sand pouring can be eliminated and it saves time.
The performance evaluation of our project is done by comparing the amount of sand sieved
by the proposed sieving machine in a given time with manual hand sieving method
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Symbols and Abbreviations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SL. PARTICULARS PAGE
NO. NO.
1. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Scope
2. CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Types of Sand Filter And Separator
2.1.1 Traditional Hand Sieving Method
2.1.2 Hand Operated Rotary Sieve
2.1.3 Machine Operated Rotary sieve
3. CHAPTER-3 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
3.1 Methods and Methodology
3.2 Components used
3.3 Working
3.4 Advantages
3.5 Operations performed
4. CHAPTER-4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 Solid Works Modeling
4.2 Design Calculations

5. CHAPTER-5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. CHAPTER-6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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REFRENCES

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No. PARTICULARS Page. No.
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LIST OF TABLES
Fig.
TABLES PAGENO.
NO.
3.2.1 Methodology 6
9.1 Expenditure 20
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Sand is used in all construction work. Sand is usually mixed and must be separated from
contaminants such as stones and other particles before use. Similarly, different sand sizes are
used at different stages of construction. For architectural purposes, the size of the sand is a bit
coarse, but the size of the sand used in the plastering work is fine. Therefore, it is necessary to
properly filter the sand at various stages of construction. As a result, the sand Filter is
convenient and easy to operate, allowing you to properly filter the sand. As you know, the
traditional way to separate sand is to use a manual rectangular screen. There are also many
designs such as rotary sands filter, vibrating sands filters, and sands filters cum washing
machines. Generally, the filtration process is performed automatically when preparing
concrete for construction. The sand is filtered with a rectangular mesh that is tilted at a
specific angle. The current sand sieving method moves the sample horizontally according to
the method of your choice. This creates a relative movement between the particles and the
sieve. Depending on the size, individual particles either pass through the screen mesh or are
retained on the screen surface. Various machines are used for sand sieving, but we will
explain the design and manufacture of an inexpensive and easy-to-operate self-powered sand
sieving machine. This project focuses on the design, manufacture, and screening of machine
parts for machine systems. To achieve the goals of this project, the body structure and
mechanical system of this screening machine must meet other criteria such as strength and
safety.
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Fig.1.1; 2D Drawing of Sand filter and separator
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1.2. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK
The main objectives of the project are as follows:

 To fabricate sand sieving machine this separates sand from mixture.
 To replace traditional method of using hand as it is time consuming.
 To reduce usage of man-power and labour cost.
 To make less time consuming.
 To obtain better system efficiency than manual existing system.
 To make the machine economical
 To develop interpersonal skills and to be familiar with the tools and process used in
mechanical workshop.
 To learn how to manage time and budget.

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1.3. SCOPE OF THE THESIS:
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CHAPTER 1
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. INTRODUCTION
For many years, sand has been the most important thing in human society. Most sediments,
including sand, are composed of debris formed when rocks are destroyed by wind or rain
(weathering). Generally, they start as larger pieces (gravel) that are broken down as the river
carries them downstream. The finer the particles, the more they move. In other words, there
are many large gravel on the banks near the mouth of the river. Moving downstream, the
gravel becomes finer, rocks, pebbles, granules, and finally sand, eventually flowing into the
ocean where these deposits are deposited.
Sand is an important ingredient in building construction. Sand is used at various stages of

construction, from foundation to finishing, Plaster. This sand needs to be properly filtered at
various construction stages. The size of the sand used for construction work is rather coarse,
but the size of sand used for plastering work is fine. Traditionally, screening is usually done
manually using a fixed screen or machine. This manual process is time consuming, labor
intensive, and very time consuming and expensive. You will also find that traditional
machines are of little or no use, as the sand must be transported manually and material
handling is done twice to obtain different sand sizes. There are various machines used in the
sand screening process. In our project, the process is automatic. Therefore, the time
consumed throughout the concrete manufacturing process is reduced.
Since sand is a basic component of all construction projects and usually exists as a mixture
(gravel), many ideas for separating sand from the mixture were born.
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2.2 Types of sand filter and separator
2.2.1 Traditional hand sieving:
The figure below shows the process that people have previously used to sift and collect the
desired sand. This process sorts the sand to that size, depending on the size of the net used.
This smooth sand or product is usually used as the main material in the construction of
buildings and homes. Smooth sand is required to achieve better product quality, such as when
making sand castings or sand-based products.
Fig. 2.2.1: Traditional Hand Sieving Method
2.2.2 Hand operated rotary sieve:
The figure shows the modified screening process. Mainly in small manufacturing processes
such as labs, use handles to rotate and make the sieving process more efficient. It has now
been upgraded to a human-powered replacement motor as shown in Figure 2.2.3. This
machine is important in our daily lives, so it has been upgraded little by little and labeled
almost all over the world.
Fig 2.2.2: Hand operated rotary sieve
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2.2.3 Machine operated rotary sieve:
In this type, the cylindrical part of the machine is rotated for screening. They are powered.
Machinery In the case of a machine, the gearbox is mounted on the shaft of the cylinder,
which is driven by a motor of the required power. The motor rotates the shaft and sieve mesh
of the required capacity, creating a relative movement between them, allowing finer sand to
pass through the mesh and the remaining particles to slide into the collecting sheet metal.
Fig. 2.2.3: Machine Operated Rotary sieve
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CHAPTER 2
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
3.1. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY
1. Data collection to get the useful information regarding the method to be implemented due
to carry out the project.
2. Generally, the data collection is done through market research, user study, and literature
survey by the help of internet through videos and observations.
3. Making the CAD model of the project.
4. Procurement of components that is required for the project.
5. Assembly of components.
6. Sand Filter and Separator has been tested and the output is obtained.
Sieving is the physical mechanism of particle removal where particles are denied access
through smaller pores or passages than the particles themselves. A fine mesh screen, also
known as a sieve / sieve, is a device for separating the desired element from unwanted
materials. A woven screen, such as mesh or metal, is typically used to characterize the
particle size distribution of the sample. The rotational motion generated by the motor is
transmitted to the shaft along with the screen fabric via the belt drive. The shaft is attached to
the frame with the help of bearings. The homogeneous sand mixture is supplied by a scraper
that falls into a fixed sieving net. The relative movement between the particles and the
rotating screen then causes the smaller particles to pass through the mesh and the rest of the
particles to fall to the other side.
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Table 3.1.1: Methodology
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3.2 COMPONENTS USED:
The major parts of “FABRICATION OF SAND FILTER AND SEPARATOR” are listed
below:
 Motor
 Pulley
 Sieve Net
 Frame
 Shaft
 Connecting Rod
 Screws & Bolts
 V-Belt
 Sheet Metal Hopper
 Crank
 Bearing Housing
3.2.1 Motor:
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Fig . 3.2.1: Motor
An electric motor is an electric machine in which mechanical energy is obtained from

electrical energy. Most electric motors operate by the interaction of the motor's magnetic field
with the current in the coil of the wire, producing force in the form of torque applied to the
motor shaft. Electric motors can be powered from direct current (DC) sources such as
batteries and rectifiers, or alternating current (AC) sources such as power grids, inverters, and
generators.
3.2.2 Pulley:
Fig. 3.2.2: Pulley
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft designed to assist in changing the movement and
direction of a tensioned cable or belt, or transmitting power between a shaft and the cable or
belt. For pulleys that do not transmit power to the shaft but are supported by a frame or shell
that is used to guide or apply force to the cable, the support shell is called a block and the
pulley is called a pulley.
The pulley may have one or more grooves around the flange to locate the cable or belt. The
driving element of the pulley system is a rope, cable, belt, or chain.
3.2.3 Bearings:
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Fig. 3.2.3: Bearings

Bearings are mechanical elements that limit relative movement to only what is needed and
reduce friction between moving parts. Bearing designs can, for example, provide free linear
motion of moving parts or free rotation around a fixed axis. Alternatively, you can prevent
movement by controlling the vector of the normal force acting on the moving parts. Most
bearings facilitate the desired movement by minimizing friction. Bearings are roughly
categorized according to the type of operation, the permissible movement, or the direction of
the load (force) applied to the part.
3.2.4 Sieve Net:
Fig. 3.2.4: Sieve Net

Since ancient times, various methods have been practiced in the sieving process. Almost all
methods use a mesh or net with small holes (diameters vary depending on the fineness of
sand required). Sieves, mesh sieves are devices for separating elements of interest from
unwanted materials or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample using a
sieve such as Woven mesh or net or perforated sheet material.
3.2.5 Frame:
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Fig. 3.2.5: Frame

Frame provides structural integrity and stability of a machine. Frame has required efficiency
to hold all the loads of machine parts. Mild steel is used for the framework of our machine.
3.2.6. Hopper:
Fig. 3.2.6: Hopper
Hoppers are large pyramidal or conical containers used in industrial processes to collect all
kinds of particles or fluids (dust, gravel, nuts, seeds, etc.) and drain them from the bottom as
needed. is. For some specialized applications, even small metal or plastic assembly
components can be loaded and unloaded into a small hopper system. A dust collection funnel
can be used to collect dust from the exhaust. Dust collector hoppers are often installed in
clusters to allow for higher collection volumes. Hoppers are used in many industries to hold
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materials until they are needed, as follows: Flour for food production, sugar or nuts, feed
pellets for livestock, ground ore for refining, etc. Dust hoppers are employed in industrial
processes that use air pollution control devices such as dust collectors, electrostatic
precipitators, and bag houses/fabric filters. Most hoppers are made of steel.
3.2.7 V-Belt:
Fig. 3.2.7: V-Belt
It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction,
speed of movement, stress on bearings, and long life. They are generally infinite and their
common cross-sectional shape is almost trapezoidal (hence the name "V"). The "V" shape of
the belt rides in the matching groove of the pulley and prevents the belt from slipping. Belts
also tend to wedge in the grooves as the load increases-the heavier the load, the greater the
wedge effect-this improves torque transfer and requires less width and tension than flat belts.
Therefore, the V-belt is an effective solution. The V-belt has a smaller center distance and a
higher reduction ratio than the flat belt. Due to high performance requirements, two or more
V-belts can be connected side by side in an arrangement called Multi-V and run with
matching multi-groove pulleys. This is called a V-belt drive (or "classic V-belt drive"). V-
belts can be made entirely of homogeneous rubber or polymer, or fibers can be embedded in
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rubber or polymer for strength and reinforcement. The fibers are made of textile materials
such as cotton, polyamide (such as nylon), or polyester.
3.2.8 Connecting Rod:
Fig. 3.2.8: Connecting Rod

The connecting rod is a mechanical element used to convert the rotary motion of a crank to
linear motion. The connecting rod is part of the piston engine that connects the piston to the
crankshaft. The connecting rod, along with the crank, converts the stroke motion of the piston
into the rotation of the crankshaft. Connecting rods are needed to transfer the compressive
and tensile forces from the piston. In the most common form, an internal combustion engine
can rotate at the end of the piston and at the end of the shaft. The predecessor of the
connecting rod is the mechanical linkage used by the watermill to convert the rotational
motion of the turbine into reciprocating motion. The most common applications for
connecting rods are internal combustion or steam engines. A connecting rod with a tension
load is made of forged steel, cast steel, or fabricated steel. Rods with a compression loading
are cast nodular steel or aluminum alloy.
3.2.9 Rod End:
Fig. 3.2.9: Rod End

The rod end is a joint that maintains a fixed point of contact between the two parts and has
degrees of freedom around all three axes. There are two main parts, each with a shaft or hole
for mounting to other components. The two parts are positioned so that the shaft or hole axes
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are nominally perpendicular to each other and both axes pass through the center of rotation of
the ball joint.
3.2.10 Screws and Bolts:
Screws are moreover a fastener made of metal and characterized by a helical ridge. It is the
most important part of almost every mechanical device with its main objective to hold
different parts together.
A bolt is a form of threaded fastener with an external male thread requiring a matching pre-
formed female thread such as a nut. Bolts are very closely related to screws.
3.2.11 Shaft:
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used
to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a
machine which absorbs power.
3.2.12 Bush:
A bushing is a mechanical attachment between two moving parts, or an enhanced attachment
point where one mechanical assembly is attached to another. Plain bearings, also known as
bushings, are mechanical elements used to reduce friction between rotating shafts and fixed
support elements. Bushings usually rely on soft metal or plastic and oil films to support the
rotating shaft of a hardened journal.
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3.3 Working of Sand Filter and Separator:
Fig. 3.3: Working of sand filter and separator
Sand should be filtered before use to separate it from unwanted particles, stones and other
large particles. Our system provides a fully automated sand filter and separator system that
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automatically filters the sand poured into it. The horizontal screening machine is very easy to
set up and operate. Very economical among these types of machines. Here we use Motorized
shaft mounted horizontally with brackets. The shaft is connected to a filter frame that
surrounds the side frame with a mesh at the bottom. A rod is connected from the shaft to the
filter frame for maximum horizontal movement. We also included a frame to keep the filter
frame in place while allowing proper horizontal movement. When you turn on the engine in
the engine control circuit, the system runs the engine. This allows you to operate the sand
filter movement according to the needs of the appropriate sand filter.
3.4 Operations Performed:
The following operations were performed while fabrication process of sand filter and
separator:
1. Turning.
2. Drilling.
3. Tapping.
4. Spot Welding.
5. Arc Welding.
3.4.1 Turning:
Fig3.4.1: Turning
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Turning on a lathe is a type of machining, a material removal process used to cut out
unwanted material to create rotating parts. Turning is a typical process of machining with
shallow radial cutting depths and multiple passes until the final diameter is reached. A single
point turning tool moves axially along the sides of the work piece to remove material and
form various features such as step taper, chamfer, and contour. The lathe can be done
manually on the lathe and often requires constant monitoring by the operator or the use of an
automated lathe. Today, the most common type of such automation is computer numerical
control, commonly known as CNC. A milling cutter, a work piece that can be mounted on a
lathe and can rotate at high speeds, is usually a one-point cutting tool. For some operations,
the multipoint tool is used to cut the material into small chip shapes to create the desired
shape. Turning is used to manufacture rotationally symmetric parts with many functions such
as holes, grooves, threads, cones, steps of various diameters, contoured surfaces and more. It
is also often used as a secondary process to add or improve functionality to parts created
using another process.
3.4.2 Drilling:
Fig.3.4.2: Drilling
Drilling is the most important and common drilling operation. When drilling holes, we
usually make a cylindrical hole inside the work piece and remove the material inside. Here,
the material is removed by the rotating edge of the cutting tool. And this rotating edge is
called a drill. There are no small holes when drilling. The inner surface of the hole is usually
rough and the hole is always larger than the drill bit size. Given a drill bit with a diameter of
12 mm, the hole size it creates can be 12.125 mm or larger
3.4.3 Tapping:
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Fig3.4.3: Tapping
Tapping is the act of cutting a female screw into a hole with a cutting tool called a tap. The
tap has a thread-shaped cutting edge. When you screw the tap into the hole, the metal is
removed, the female thread is cut and the hole is tapped. Drilling is smaller than tap size.
3.4.4: Spot Welding:
Fig 3.4.4: Spot Welding

Spot welding is a resistance welding process primarily used to weld two or more metal plates.
This is achieved by applying pressure and current to spot welds. The required heat is
generated by the metal's internal resistance to electric current. Current and pressure are
applied by a copper alloy electrode, the tip of which is located on the opposite side of the
metal part. The generated heat melts the metal, and the pressure of the electrodes compresses
the melted metal to form a weld. This welding process creates small spot welds that look like
dots, hence the name spot weld.
3.4.5: Arc Welding:
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Fig 3.4.5: Arc welding

Arc welding is a welding process used to bond metal to metal using electricity, generating
enough heat to melt the metal and molten metal during cooling, resulting in the metal bond.
This is a type of welding that uses a welding power source to create an arc between the metal
rod (“electrode”) and the base metal and melt the metal at the point of contact. Arc welders
can use either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) and consumable or non-
consumable electrodes. The weld area is usually protected by some form of shielded gas,
steam, or slag. The arc welding process can be manual, semi-automatic or fully automatic.
Arc welding was developed in the late 19th century and became commercially important in
shipbuilding during World War II. Even today, it is an important process for the production of
steel structures and vehicles.
3.5 Advantages:
 The vibrating operation is simple.
 The current consumption is very low.
 It can be utilized for separation of mass-produced different types of sand in a single

turn and also other solid mixtures with different sizes of mesh involvement.
 Simple in construction and easy to use.
 It is compact in size and less weight. Different types of sand can be separated which
depends on mesh size used.
 It can be used for paddy separation with the involvement of fan at the base of table.
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 Now days, separation of different sizes of solid material is need of hours, this project
can be used for separation of different sizes of solid only by changing mesh of required
size.
CHAPTER 4
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 Solid Works Modeling:
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Fig. 4.1.1: Isometric View of sand filter and separator
Fig. 4.1.2: Front View of sand filter and separator
Fig.
4.1.3:
Left
Side
View
of
Fig.
4.1.4:
Right
Side
View
of
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Sand filter and separator Sand filter and separator
Fig. 4.1.5: Top view of Sand filter and separator
4.2 Design Calculations:
1. Belt Design:
Data
i. Dia of small pulley (d1) = 2 inch 50.8 mm

Dia of big pulley (d2) = 9 inch 228.6 mm
Motor (driver) = 1440 rpm
Thickness of belt (t) = 8 mm
Slip = 2% (assuming)
Pulley (driven) = ?
ii. Centre distance b/w two pulley (X) = 455 mm

Belt length = ?
i. = x (1-)
= x (1-)
N2 = 0.2487 x 1440
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N2 = 357.79 rpm
ii. L = (d1 + d2) + 2X +
L = (50.8 + 228.6) + (2 x 455) +
L = (279.4) + 910 + 17.36
L = 1366.24 mm L = 1.36 m
2. Torque Calculations:
Power = Watts
P= xF
P= xF
P = (F x r) x
We know that, = (F x r) N-m and w = rad/sec
P= xw where,
= P = Power of 1 HP motor = 0.746 kw
= w = Angular velocity = 150.72 rad/sec
1 = 4.94 N-m 1 = Torque at pulley1
We know that, Torque = Force x Distance
1 = F 1 x r1
4.94 = F1 x 0.0254
F1 = 194.48 N where,
1 = Torque at pulley 1
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2 = F 1 x r2 F1 = Force at pulley
2 = 194.48 x 0.1143 r1 = Radius of pulley 1 = 0.0254 m
2= 22.22 N-m 2 = Torque at pulley 2
r2 = Radius of pulley 2 = 0.1143 m
The component of the weight acting down the plane is mgSin30
The friction force acts opposite to the direction of motion
Acc to Newton’s 2nd law in x-direction gives
F=mxa
mgSin30 - Ffric = m x a
mgSin30 = m x a
gSin30 = a (Neglecting friction)
a = 9.18 x Sin30
a = 4.9 m/s2
F2 = m x a where,
F2 = 20 x 4.9 F = Force
F2 = 98 N m = Mass of reciprocating frame
m = Wself + Wsand
W.K.T m = 5 + 15 = 20 kg
3= Fxr a = Acceleration due to gravity
3= 98 x 0.037 3= Torque required for reciprocating frame
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3= 3.626 N-m r = radius of crank
Comparing that 3 < 2 (3.626 N-m < 22.22 N-m)
:. Design is safe
3. Hopper Design:
By the above figure which is designed in SolidWorks we get, the volume of hopper is
59473741.77 mm3 0.05947 m3
Density of sand = 1682 kg/m3
We know that,
Mass of hopper = Volume x Density of sand
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m=vxρ
m = 0.05947 x 1682
m = 100.02 kg
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The fabrication and testing of Sand Filter and Separator was successfully done and the
following conclusions were drawn.
 This project helps in resolving the sand sieving problems in construction purposes
which is been traditional hand sieving method and hand rotary sand sieving method.
 Time period required in construction purposes has been reduced by this project.
 Labour cost has been reduced with the help of increased efficiency of sieving.
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE WORK
 Capacity of machine can be increased by increasing power of the motor.
 Sieving mesh can be upgraded to different coarse grain sizes.
 Chain drive can be replaced by belt drive to reduce loss of power and to eliminate
slip.
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Final cost of the project work
The purpose of this project was to make an affordable sand sieve. The components were
selected and optimized within the lower budget limit. The components and materials with
unit costs are listed in the following table.
S.N Rate per piece Total price

Particular Quantity
Rs Rs
1. Metal shaft 200 1 200
2. Sheet metal 500 - 500
3. Electric motor 2500 1 2500
4. Bearing 200 6 1200
5. Belt 200 1 200
6. Pulley 300 1 300
7. Net 150/m 1.5 225
8. Paint 250 1ltr 250
9. Miscellaneous 1500
10. Labour cost 2000
11. Total 8875
REFERENCES
I. M. Ramarao Associate-professor B. Mahesh UG student, Department of mechanical

engineering, Holy Mary institute of technology and science, ‘Design and fabrication
of development of sand filter and separator pedal powered, International journal of
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lOMoARcPSD|25663771
emerging technologies in engineering research (IJETER) Vol 6, issue 3, March

(2018).
II. V.P Duriraj, J. Manikandan, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai ‘Design and Fabrication of sieving
Machine, International journal of Punee and applied Mathematics, Vol 116, No.19
2017,474-451.
III. A.K Nachimuthu, S Raghunath, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical

Engineering SVS of Engineering Coimbatore ‘Design and Fabrication of Horizontal
Sieving Machine, International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary science and
technology, Vol 1, issue 3 july-2016.
IV. P. S. Krishna, P. Pradeep, B. Bivek, and P. S. Bim, “Mathematical modeling,

simulation and analysis of rice grain movement for design and fabrication of low-cost
winnowing machine,” J. Mech. Eng. Res., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–14, Jan. 2017, doi:
10.5897/jmer2016.0403.
V. MOHD EFFI B MOHJEE, “DESIGN AND FABRICATE SIEVE MACHINE,” 2008.
VI. “Traditional method of sand sieving.” [Online]. Available:

https://www.ekshiksha.org.in/chapter/77/images_of_Separation_of_substancesVI/8.pn
g. [Accessed: 10-Mar-2020].
VII. “Hand operated rotating siever.” [Online]. Available:

https://dccf75d8gej24.cloudfront.net/images/products/03/030711400/B234C322-
16C8-480C-9062-6D1F5BD922ED-large.jpg. [Accessed: 11-Mar-2020].
VIII. “Motor operated sieve.” [Online]. Available: https://encrypted-

tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn
%3AANd9GcSmQUAkNMwLUnH7XptSKEsUCV2oBXHzspQPEaoBlbXIJf9iiTuJ.
[Accessed: 11-Mar-2020
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Plagiarism report
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Passport size photo and permanent address of the batch mates
1.
Name: Junaid Yaseer

Address: 96/A Nanjundachar Building opp Near Gokul Medicals
Danah Nagar Melekote Main Road Tumkur Karnataka 572104
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FInal report project

Mobile Adhoc Network (Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SAND FILTER AND

Is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Sree Siddaganga Education Society (R)

SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. B. Vasudeva Dr. H.R. Purushothama

Dr. S.V. DINESH

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MOHAMMAD AASIM B 1SI19ME407

JUNAID YASEER 1SI19ME404

Place: Tumakuru, Karnataka

Date: July 2022

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It gives me a sense of fulfillment to write few words to acknowledge people…..

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Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient. Sand is used at different

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Symbols and Abbreviations

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SL. PARTICULARS PAGE

2.1 Types of Sand Filter And Separator

2.1.1 Traditional Hand Sieving Method

2.1.2 Hand Operated Rotary Sieve

2.1.3 Machine Operated Rotary sieve

3. CHAPTER-3 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

3.1 Methods and Methodology

3.2 Components used

3.5 Operations performed

4. CHAPTER-4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

4.1 Solid Works Modeling

4.2 Design Calculations

6. CHAPTER-6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

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Fig. No. PARTICULARS Page. No.

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Fig.1.1; 2D Drawing of Sand filter and separator

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1.2. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK

The main objectives of the project are as follows:

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1.3. SCOPE OF THE THESIS:

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Sand is an important ingredient in building construction. Sand is used at various stages of

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2.2 Types of sand filter and separator

2.2.1 Traditional hand sieving:

Fig. 2.2.1: Traditional Hand Sieving Method

2.2.2 Hand operated rotary sieve:

Fig 2.2.2: Hand operated rotary sieve

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2.2.3 Machine operated rotary sieve:

Fig. 2.2.3: Machine Operated Rotary sieve

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3.1. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

3. Making the CAD model of the project.