Sta Written Report

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides an overview of the entire study beginning with the background
of the study, followed by the objectives of the study and the scopes of the study.
1.1Background of the Study
It is common knowledge that being a university student is tough considering

they need to be thoughtful about how they spent their time and money so
that they can achieve their goals as a student without unnecessary stress.
Students' main source of income usually comes from their family, be it their
parents or older siblings but there are some cases where students suffer
from financial difficulties mainly because they come from a poor family.
These students overcome their financial problems by working a part-time job
to gain enough money to support their daily lives as a student. They need to
be mindful that the cost of living as a student is not cheap, they need to
spend their money on a lot of things varying from their daily necessity to their
studying fees.
Budgeting and understanding spending behavior play a crucial role in

ensuring financial stability and making informed financial decisions. Not
having enough money is a huge problem for a student because it can affect
their performance in their studies. This is mainly because when their
standard of living fell, they will gain a lot of stress and lose motivation to
continue their studies. One of the ways to avoid this problem is by creating a
budget. For students, budgeting involves determining the income available
(such as allowances, scholarships, or part-time jobs) and allocating it wisely
to cover necessary expenses, savings, and nonessential spending. Learning
how to spend their limited resources to fulfill their unlimited want is an
essential skill for students. By making a budget, students can focus on their
needs, limit their unnecessary spending and save for their future goals.
Students shouldn't have an excuse for not knowing how to create a budget
because they can learn from the internet which can be explained in detail on
how to make an effective budget for a student. Students should start by
assessing their income available for each month. They should track their
expenses to monitor their spending habits. This can be done through
smartphone apps or budgeting tools. Regularly reviewing your spending
patterns will help you identify areas where you can make adjustments. By
developing a budget and understanding your spending behavior, you can
take control of your finances and make responsible choices as a student but
they should remember that effective budgeting requires discipline, regular
monitoring, and the willingness to adapt as circumstances change.
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The reason for this research is to find out UiTM Jengka Student's budgeting
and spending behavior.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study are as follows:
i. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
ii. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
iii.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
1.5 Scope of the Study
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CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
2.1 Description of Data
2.1.1Population and Sample
- Population : All student’s budgeting and spending behavior from UiTM Jengka.
- Sample : All 151 student’s budgeting and spending behavior from UiTM Jengka.
2.1.2Sampling technique
2
2.1.3Data Collection Method
2.1.4Description of Variables
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Table XXX: Description of Variables
Measurement
questionnaire
Name of the
Description
of Variable
of Section
Section
Types
Scale
Item
Age Question 1
Faculty Question 2
Semester Question 3
A Demographic
Ethnicity Question 4
Gender Question 5
State Question 6
Do you like… Question 7
B Satisfaction Are you satisfied with the Question 8
service provided?
Number of Siblings Question 8
C Main Question
Parents’ Income Question 8
2.2 Method of Analysis
3
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Table XXX: List of Methods
Types of
No Objectives Method
Statistics
1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Descriptive Pie chart/Bar
statistics/infere chart/histogram/mean/mode/m
ntial statistics edian/Quartile/Pearson
correlation coefficient
CHAPTER 3
FINDINGS
3.1 Graphical Method for Qualitative Variables
There are four qualitative variables in this study which is gender, ethnicity and………
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3.1.1 Gender
4
3.1.2 Ethinicity
3.2 Quantitative Variables
3.2.1 Monthly Allowance (RM)
Table 3.2.2 The Monthly Allowance
Monthly Number of Cumulative Midpoin

Allowance respondent Frequency t (𝑥) 𝑥2 ƒ𝑥 ƒ 𝑥2
(RM) (ƒ)
0-500 113 113 250 62500 28250 7062500
501-1000 31 144 750.5 563250.25 23265.5 17460757.75
1001-1500 5 149 1250.5 1563750.25 6252.5 7818751.25
1501-2000 2 151 1750.5 3064250.25 3501 6128500.5
Σ ƒ = 151 Σƒ𝑥 = 61269 Σƒ𝑥 = 38470509.5
2
a) Mean (With interpretation)
∑ƒ x
x=
∑ƒ
𝑥 = 61269/151
mean = RM 405.75
On average the total of monthly allowance is RM 405.75
b) Mode (With interpretation)
LMode +
[ f0 - f1
]
(f0 - f1) + (f0 - f2)
×C
Mode = 0 +
[ 113 - 0
( 113 - 0 ) + (113 - 31)]×501
= RM 290.32
Most of the total of monthly allowance is RM 290.32
5
c) Median (With interpretation)
[ ]
∑f
- ƒcm-1
2
LM+ ×c
ƒm
∑ƒ
Position of Median =
2
151
=
2
= 75.5th
Median = 0 + [ (75.5 – 0) / 113 ] x 501
= RM 334.74
50% of the total of monthly allowance is more than RM 334.74, and another
50% is less than RM 334.74
d) Standard Deviation
√
( Σƒx ) 2
Σƒx 2 −
Σƒ
SD =
Σƒ−1
√
(61269) ²
38470509.5 -
151
=
151-1
= √ 90735.39
= RM 301.22
e) Distribution of data using Box Plot

First Quartile
∑ƒ
Position of Q1=
4
151
=
4
= 37.75th
LQ1 = 0
ƒQ1 = 113
6
ƒQ1-1 = 0
c = 500 – 0 + 1 = 501
[ ]
∑ƒ
- ∑ƒQ1 - 1
4
Q1 = LQ1 + x c
ƒQ1
= 0 + [37.25 – 0 / 113] x 501
= RM 165.15
Second Quartile
Q2 = RM 334.74
Third Quartile
3∑ƒ
Position of Q3 =
4
3(151)
=
4
= 113.25th
LQ3 = 0
ƒQ3 = 113
ƒQ3-1 = 0
c = 500 – 0 + 1 = 501
[ ]
3∑ƒ
- ∑ƒQ3 - 1
4
Q3 = LQ3 + x c
ƒQ3
= 0 + [113.25 – 0 / 113] x 501

= RM 502.11
Q1 = RM 165.15 Q2 = RM 334.74 Q3 = RM 502.11
Min = RM 0 Max = RM 2000
3.2.2 Monthly Expenses
Table 3.2.2 The Monthly Allowance

Monthly Number of Cumulativ Midpoint
Expenses respondent e (x) x2 fx fx2
(RM) (ƒ) Frequency
0-500 135 135 250 62500 33750 8437500
501-1000 15 150 750.5 563250.25 11257.5 8448753.75
1001-1500 0 150 1250.5 1563750.25 0 0
1501-2000 1 151 1750.5 3064250.25 1750.5 3064250.25
7
Σƒ = 151 Σƒx = 46758 Σƒx2 = 19950504
a) Mean (With interpretation)

∑ƒ x
x=
∑ƒ
46758
x=
151
Mean = RM 309.66
On average the total monthly expenses is RM 309.66
b) Mode (With interpretation)
LMode +
[ f0 - f1
(f0 - f1) + (f0 - f2)
×C
]
Mode = 0 +
[ 135−0
( 135 - 0 ) +(135 - 15)
×501
]
= RM 265.24
Most of the total of monthly allowance is RM 265.24
c) Median (With interpretation)
[ ]
∑f
- ƒcm-1
2
LM+ ×c
ƒm
∑ƒ
Position of Median =
2
151
=
2
= 75.5th
Median = 0 +
[ 135 ]
75.5 - 0
× 501
= RM 280.19
50% of the total of monthly expenses is more than RM 280.19, and another
50% is less than RM 280.19
8
d) Standard Deviation
√
( Σƒx ) 2
Σƒx 2 −
Σƒ
SD =
Σƒ−1
√
( 46758) ²
19950504 -
151
=
151-1
= √ 36477.51
= RM 190.99
e) Distribution of data using Box Plot

First Quartile
∑ƒ
Position of Q1=
4
151
=
4
= 37.75th
LQ1 = 0
ƒQ1 = 135
ƒQ1-1 = 0
c = 500 – 0 + 1 = 501
[ ]
∑ƒ
- ∑ƒQ1 - 1
4
Q1 = LQ1 + x c
ƒQ1
= 0 + [(37.75 – 0) / 135] x 501
= RM 140.09
Second Quartile
9
Q2 = RM 280.19
Third Quartile
3∑ƒ
Position of Q3 =
4
3(151)
=
4
= 113.25th
LQ3 = 0
ƒQ3 = 113
ƒQ3-1 = 0
c = 500 – 0 + 1 = 501
[ ]
3∑ƒ
- ∑ƒQ3 - 1
4
Q3 = LQ3 + x c
ƒQ3
= 0 + [(113.25 – 0) / 113] x 501
= RM 502.11
Q1 = RM 140.09 Q2 = RM 280.19 Q3 = RM 502.11
Min = RM 0 Max = RM 2000
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
10
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References
1. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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11
Appendix A
List of Data
12
Appendix B
Sample of Questionnaire
13
14
It is common knowledge that being a university student is tough considering you
need to be thoughtful about how you spent your time and money so that you can
achieve what you want and be a successful student. Students' main source of
income usually comes from their family, be it their parents or older siblings but there
are some cases where students suffer from financial difficulties mainly because they
come from a poor family. These students overcome their financial problems by
working a part-time job to gain enough money to support their daily lives as a
student. They need to be mindful that the cost of living as a student is not cheap,
they need to spend their money on a lot of things varying from their daily necessity
to their studying fees.
Not having enough money is a huge problem for a student because it can affect
their performance in their studies. This is mainly because when their standard of
living fell they will gain a lot of stress and lose motivation to continue their studies.
One of the ways to avoid this problem is learning how to plan your budget with the
income that they get every month to increase their standard of living. Students need
to learn how to use their limited resources efficiently to satisfy their unlimited wants.
Another reason why students have financial difficulties is that they tend to waste a
lot of money on something that they want and not what they need. This will cause
them not to have enough money to buy something much more important such as
their studying material. Students can avoid this by having a strict budget and saving
a certain percentage of their income in case of an emergency or saving enough
money to buy something that they want such as entertainment.
The aim of this study is to find out UiTM Jengka Student's budgeting and spending
behaviour.
15

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CHAPTER 1

1.1Background of the Study

It is common knowledge that being a university student is tough considering

Budgeting and understanding spending behavior play a crucial role in

1.2 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are as follows:

1.5 Scope of the Study

2.1 Description of Data

2.1.1Population and Sample

Table XXX: Description of Variables

2.2 Method of Analysis

Table XXX: List of Methods

3.1 Graphical Method for Qualitative Variables

3.2 Quantitative Variables

3.2.1 Monthly Allowance (RM)

Table 3.2.2 The Monthly Allowance

Monthly Number of Cumulative Midpoin

a) Mean (With interpretation)

On average the total of monthly allowance is RM 405.75

b) Mode (With interpretation)

e) Distribution of data using Box Plot

= 0 + [113.25 – 0 / 113] x 501

Q1 = RM 165.15 Q2 = RM 334.74 Q3 = RM 502.11

Min = RM 0 Max = RM 2000

3.2.2 Monthly Expenses

Table 3.2.2 The Monthly Allowance

a) Mean (With interpretation)

b) Mode (With interpretation)

Most of the total of monthly allowance is RM 265.24

c) Median (With interpretation)

e) Distribution of data using Box Plot

= 0 + [(37.75 – 0) / 135] x 501

= 0 + [(113.25 – 0) / 113] x 501

Q1 = RM 140.09 Q2 = RM 280.19 Q3 = RM 502.11

Min = RM 0 Max = RM 2000

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

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