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  • POLYGRAPHY

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    Since the 18th century, researchers have attempted to develop physiological lie detection techniques based on the assumption that lying causes detectable external reactions. In 1730, Daniel Defoe proposed that a suspicious person's pulse could reveal lying. In 1921, John Larson built the first lie detector device, called a polygraph, which continuously measured blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Using his polygraph, Larson was the first to record these physiological signals simultaneously during an interrogation. The history of using physiological measurements to detect deception, commonly called polygraphy, is the focus of this review, which details the measurements used and debates around its role in investigations.

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    Since the 18th century, researchers have attempted to develop physiological lie detection techniques based on the assumption that lying causes detectable external reactions. In 1730, Daniel Defoe proposed that a suspicious person's pulse could reveal lying. In 1921, John Larson built the first lie detector device, called a polygraph, which continuously measured blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Using his polygraph, Larson was the first to record these physiological signals simultaneously during an interrogation. The history of using physiological measurements to detect deception, commonly called polygraphy, is the focus of this review, which details the measurements used and debates around its role in investigations.

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    6 views1 page

    POLYGRAPHY

    Uploaded by

    john
    Since the 18th century, researchers have attempted to develop physiological lie detection techniques based on the assumption that lying causes detectable external reactions. In 1730, Daniel Defoe proposed that a suspicious person's pulse could reveal lying. In 1921, John Larson built the first lie detector device, called a polygraph, which continuously measured blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Using his polygraph, Larson was the first to record these physiological signals simultaneously during an interrogation. The history of using physiological measurements to detect deception, commonly called polygraphy, is the focus of this review, which details the measurements used and debates around its role in investigations.

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    Since the beginning of time man has been looking for an efficient way to flush out the lie.

    Various innovative techniques were tried. Some were ridiculous, other cruel, but they were all
    based on the assumption that some physiological reaction occurred when a person was
    confronted with a specific event under investigation and that this reaction would have a
    detectable external manifestation. In 1730, the British novelist Daniel Defoe in his essay "An
    Effectual Scheme to the Immediate Preventing and Suppressing of Street Robberies all Other
    Disorders of the Night" advance a theory that the pulse of a suspicious person can reveal that
    the person is lying. In 1921, John A. Larson, a Canadian psychologist employed by the Police
    Service of California, Berkeley, built what many consider to be the original lie detector device
    His instrument provided continuous readings of blood pressure, rather than discontinuous
    readings of the sort found in Marston's device. He named his instrument the polygraph, a word
    coming from Greek and meaning several written because the instrument had the ability to read
    multiple psychological responses at the same time and document these responses on a rotating
    drum of smoked paper. Using his polygraph, John A. Larson was the first person to measure and
    record continuously and simultaneously the heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory
    variations of a person during an interrogation. His polygraph was used extensively and very
    successfully, in criminal investigations.

    The history of research into psychophysiological measurements as an aid to detecting lying,


    widely known as the ‘lie detector’ or polygraph, is the focus of this review. The physiological
    measurements used are detailed and the debates that exist in regards to its role in the
    investigative process are introduced. Attention is given to the main polygraph testing methods,
    namely the Comparative Question Test and the Concealed Information Test. Discussion of these
    two central methods, their uses and problems forms the basis of the review. Recommendations
    for future research are made specifically in regards to improving current polygraph technology
    and exploring the role of the polygraph in combination with other deception detection
    techniques.

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