EXPERIMENT-18

➢ AIM: To detect the acidic and basic radical in the given compound.

➢ APPARATUS REQUIRED: Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, barium chloride,
sodium carbonate, lead acetate.
➢ PROCEDURE:
 TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

To the salt add dil. H2SO4. No Reaction. CO32- is absent.
To the salt add conc. H2SO4. No Reaction. CH3COO-, Cl-, C2O42- are
absent.
Confirmatory Test:
BaCl2 Test:
Take aqueous solution of salt A white ppt. is formed. Sulphate (SO42-) may be
and add BaCl2. present.

Lead Acetate Test:

Salt (Aqueous) + lead acetate White ppt. soluble in hot SO42- is confirmed.
solution. ammonium acetate.

 TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL -

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take solid salt and add Evolution of ammonia gas which NH may be present.
4
+

concentrated solution of NaOH. has a characteristic ammoniacal

smell.

Confirmatory Test-
Bring a glass rod dipped in HCl White fumes are observed. NH is confirmed.
4
+

near the mouth of the test tube.

Pass the gas with nessler’s reagent. Brown precipitate is observed. NH is confirmed.
4
+

➢ RESULT:
Acidic Radical -Sulphate (SO4)2-
Basic Radical - Ammonium (NH4)+
➢ PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle reagents carefully.
2. Wash test tube after chemical reaction.
3. Do not use broken glassware
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➢ CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
Barium Chloride Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ⟶ BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(White ppt.)

Lead Acetate Test: (Write the following reaction with pencil)

Na2SO4 + Pb (CH3COO)2 → PbSO4↓ + 2CH3COONa

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Group Zero Analysis
Ammonium (NH4+): (write the following reaction with pencil)
∆
NH4Cl +NaOH → NaCl + H2O + NH3↑

NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl

(White fumes)
Nessler’s Reagent Test: (write the following reaction with pencil)

2K2 [HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH ⟶ H2N.HgO. HgI↓ + 7KI + 2H2O

(Nessler’s Reagent) (Brown Precipitate)