PATHFIT 04 – SPORTS

Final Grading Period

HISTORY OF BASKETBAL

James Naismith introduced basketball on December, 1891. He was a Physical Education Instructor at
Springfield College in Springfield Massachusetts, USA. Luther Gulick, Head of the Physical Education
Department, asked Naismith to create a team sports that could be played indoors during winter.
Finally, after much thinking, he came up with a great idea for an indoor game. He got two peach baskets
and attached them to a balcony at the opposite ends of the gym (3 meters above the floor). There were eighteen
people in his class, so he divided them up into two groups with nine players on each team. Of course, they
couldn't play the game without a ball, so he chose a ball that he had on hand: a soccer ball. When the first game
began, the players started passing the ball around and one boy threw the ball in the basket. He scored and his
team got the first three points
But even though the game was fun to play, there were some problems that they had to solve. For
example, whenever the players would throw the ball into the basket, they couldn't get it down without climbing up
a ladder. So, they decided to cut holes in the bottom of the baskets for the ball to fall through. This helped them
play faster. They used these peach baskets until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with
backboards.
Naismith evolved 5 basic principles when he created the game.
1. The game is played with round ball and with hands.
2. A player can not run with the ball.
3. Any player can take up any position on the playing court at any time.
4. There shall be no physical contact between players.
5. The goal/basket shall be placed horizontally above the floor of the court.
After the experimental game, Naismith drafted the original 13 rules of the game. The rules were published
in Triangle Magazine on January 15, 1892, under the title “A NEW GAME” The sports immediately caught on.
Soon basketball was being played by YMCA teams, secondary schools, college teams, as well as professionals.

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL:

The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months. Naismith was a physical education instructor at YMCA
International Training School (now known as Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts. Upon the request of
his boss Luther Gulick, Naismith was tasked to create an indoor sports game to help athletes keep in shape in cold
weather. It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his
class of eighteen into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The
objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a
while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield,
Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.

World basketball was growing, but it was on June 18, 1932, that a real international organization was formed, to
coordinate tournaments and teams The following representatives of the 8 national federations: Attilio Ponisio
(Argentina), Simeon Mavroskoufis (Greece), Count Giorgio Asinari di San Marzano (Italy), Joseph Shadeiko (Latvia)
Henry Brandt (Portugal), D.D. Teica (Romania), Léon Bouffard (Switzerland), and Ladilslav Kapucian (Czechoslovakia)
founded the International Basketball Federation (Fédération Internationale de basketball amateur, FIBA) in Geneva. Its
work was fundamental for the first inclusion of basketball in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. The first Olympic title
was won by the U.S. national team: Sam Balter, Ralph Bishop, Joe Fortenberry, Tex Gibbons, Francis Johnson, Carl
Knowles, Frank Lubin, Art Mollner, Donald Piper, Jack Ragland, Willard Schmidt, Carl Shy, Duane Swanson, Bill
Wheatley and the trainer James Needles. Canada was runner-up; the games were played on an outdoor clay court.
The first World Championship was held in Argentina in 1950.

1904 – Saint Louis, USA Olympic Games, Basketball was demonstrated.

1906 - They used these peach baskets until they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards.
1910 – Basketball was first introduced to the Philippine public school system by the Americans as a women's
sport in and was played in Interscholastic meets in 1911 until 1913.
1913 - The first men's national team – organized in the 1910s – won the first 
1924 - The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), which had basketball as its main sport, was
established.
1936 - The Philippines became a member of FIBA through the Basketball Association of the Philippines in 1936.
1936 – Berlin, Germany Olympics Games Basketball became an official sports event
* The Basketball Association of the Philippines (BAP) joined the International Basketball governing body,
Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur (FIBA)
*The Philippines participated in the first official Olympic Games Basketball Tournament held at Berlin,
Germany. The national team finished 5th with a 4-1win-loss record. The national team beat Mexico
(32-30), Estonia (39-22), Italy (32-14) and Uruguay (33-23), and losing only to eventual champion Team
USA (23-56).
SBP – Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas Inc. and Mr. Alfredo “AL” Panlilio was the President SBP
1938 - The first commercial league was the basketball tournament of the Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic
Association (MICAA) which was established.
1948 - The Philippines, finished 12th with a 4-4 win-loss record in the Olympic Games basketball tournament held at London, England,
United Kingdom.
* The Philippines became the first country to score at least 100 points in a single game in the Olympic men’s basketball history.
The Philippines beat Iraq 102-30 in the opening game of Group A.
1951 - The Philippine team won the gold medal at the Asian Games in 1951, the first-time basketball was played.
1954 - In the 1954 FIBA World Championship the Philippines placed third, winning the bronze medal, the best
performance by an Asian team in the World Championship.
After missing the first FIBA Basketball World Cup (known through 2010 as the FIBA World Championship) that was
held in 1950 in Argentina, the Philippines participated in the 1954 FIBA World Championship held at Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
In the 1960s, the first FIBA Asia Championship was won by the Philippines with Carlos Badion as the tournament's
Most Valuable Player.
The commercial league model pioneered by the MICAA continued with the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) in
1975 and the Philippine Amateur Basketball League (PABL) in 1983. The PBA is the first professional basketball
league in Asia and the second oldest in the world after the NBA. The league's regulations are a hybrid of rules
from FIBA and the NBA. The league was inaugurated on April 9, 1975. The PABL was established to fill the void
created after the collapse of the MICAA in 1981.
In 1978, the Philippines hosted the FIBA World Championship, marking the first time that the international tournament
was held in Asia.
In 1992, a poll was conducted by Enervon C asking 62 basketball experts to list their top ten Filipino basketball players
of all time, with first place being worth ten points and a decrease in one point for each succeeding place. Ranking first
was Caloy Loyzaga, who received the most points with 603; in second place was Robert Jaworski with 458 points,
while third place went to Ramon Fernandez with 332 points.
In 1999, the Metropolitan Basketball Association (MBA) was established. It was the first league in the Philippines to use
a home-and-away format like most other sports leagues. The MBA, however, would cease operations in 2002.
The Philippines was suspended by FIBA in 2005 due to a leadership crisis which affected the former national
basketball association of the country – the Basketball Association of the Philippines.
In 2007, the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas became the newly recognized national basketball body for the
Philippines by FIBA.
In 2009, Smart Gilas Pilipinas was officially launched to help the Philippines qualify for the 2012 London Olympics.
They failed after finishing fourth in the 2011 FIBA Asia Championship.
In 2013, the Philippines qualified for the 2014 FIBA World Cup with a second-place finish in the 2013 FIBA Asia
Championship.[7] Gilas also qualified for the 2019 FIBA World Cup and is set to co-host the 2023 edition. That year also
saw the boys' U-16 team qualify for the 2014 FIBA U-17 World Championship, and the boys' U-18 team winning the
inaugural Fiba-Asia 3x3 U18 Championship.
In 2015, the women's team was promoted to Level 1 after a win against India.
In 2017, the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) was inaugurated. The MPBL revitalized the
home-and-away format in the country and brought in numerous other leagues with the same format: National
Basketball League (NBL) in 2018, Pilipinas VisMin Super Cup and Filbasket (Filipino Basketball League) in 2021,
and Pilipinas Super League (PSL) in 2022.
The 2020s also saw numerous Filipino basketball players play overseas in different leagues, with examples
being Thirdy and Kiefer Ravena and others in the Japanese B. League, Jack Animam in Serbia, and Kai Sotto in the
Australian NBL. It will also mark the Philippines' first hosting of the FIBA Basketball World Cup since 1978, as it is set
to host the 2023 edition along with Japan and Indonesia.

Definitions:
Basketball – is game played by two teams of five players each. The aim of each team is to score into the
opponent’s basket and to prevent the other team from scoring.
Basket: Own/Opponent’s
The Basket that is attacked by a team is the opponent’s basket and the basket that is defended by a team is the
team’s own basket.

Court and Dimensions

Playing court – it shall be rectangular, flat, hard surface and at least two meters from any obstructions.
- The dimensions shall be 28 meters in length and 15 meters in width.
Lines, lanes, Areas of the Playing court
a. boundary line- the playing court is limited by line, consisting of the end line and the sideline.
b. center line – drawn parallel to the end line from the mid-point of the sideline and shall extend 15 cm. beyond
each sideline. It divides the playing court into two equal court.
Front court – area of the court between the center line and the opponent’s basket.
Back court – area of the court between the center line and the team’s own basket.
c. center circle – marked at the center of the court with a radius of 1.80 meters and measures 3.60 meters.
d. three point field goal area – it is the entire floor area of the playing court except for the area near the
opponent’s basket limited by a semi circle of 6.75 meters from the exact center of the basket.
e. free throw line – drawn parallel to the each end line. It shall have its furthest edge 5.50meters from the inner
edge of the end line.
f. restricted areas – shall be the floor areas marked on the court limited by the end line, the free throw line, and
the lines originated in the end line. (Shaded area).
h. free throw rebound places along the restricted areas – reserved for players during free throws.
h. bench area – marked outside the playing court on the same side as the scorer’s table limited by two lines.

Equipment/Facilities
a. basket – it shall comprise the ring and the net.
Ring – it is made of solid steel with an inside diameter of 45 cm. painted with orange.
Net – shall be a white cord suspended from the ring and shall not be less than 40 cm. and not more than
45 cm.
b. basketball – shall be spherical in shape, the outer surface is made of leather, rubber and synthetic leather.
Circumference (size) – not less than 74.9 cm and not more than 78 cm
Weight – not less than 567 g. and not more than 650 g.
c. backboard – it is constructed with transparent material (fiber glass) non- transparent material (hardwood). The
dimensions shall be 1.80 meters horizontally and 1.05 meters vertically.
d. technical equipment
1. game clock- used for timing periods of play and the intervals between them.
2. stop watch- used for timing time outs.
3. signal- indicates end of a period or extra period.
4. 24 second device- used for timing a team in control of a live ball on the court.
5. score sheets- it is where records about the game is recorded.
 6. scoreboard- it is clearly visible to everyone involved in the game, it display the score.
7. player foul marker- it indicates the player’s personal foul.
8. team foul marker- it indicate that a team is in penalty situations
9. alternating possession arrow-method of causing the ball to become alive with a throw-in rather than
a jump ball.

Basic Skills

1. Passing – the most important skill because a team can only shot when it has the possession of the ball.
Kinds of Passing
a. chest pass e. two-hand underhand pass
b. hook pass f. one-hand underhand pass
c. bounce pass
d. baseball pass

2. Dribbling – used to gain distance, the combination of running and bouncing the ball.
3. Shooting – determines the outcome of the game, combine the body balance, finger control, stance, and follow
through.
Kinds of Shooting
a. chest shot d. jump shot
b. hook shot e. lay-up shot
c. set shot/push shot f. dunk shot

4. Rebounding- attempting to recover a missed shot from the basket/goal.

Types of Rebounding
a. offensive rebound- ball is recovered by the same team
b. defensive rebound- ball is recovered by the other team

5. Receiving/Catching – ball should be caught in both hands; the body should be in line with on coming ball.
Receiver should be moving towards the ball when making a catch, hands should be relaxed.

Simplified Rules
1. Playing time - the game shall consist of 4 periods (quarters) of 10 minutes each. There will be intervals of
two minutes between the first and second period, between the third and fourth period and before extra
period (overtime). The half time interval is always 15 minutes.
2. Charged time-out – the duration of time-out is always one minute. Five time-outs may be granted to each
team during the normal playing time, two time-outs may be granted at any time during the first half (1st and
2nd periods/quarter) and three time-outs may be granted any time during the second half (3rd and 4th
period/quarter) one time-out may be granted at any time during each period of extra time, unused
time-outs may not be carried to the next half-time or extra period.
3. Beginning of the game- the game shall be started by a jump ball.
a. Jump ball- takes place when the officials toss the ball between two opposing players during the first
period only.
b. Alternating possession rule is method of putting the ball in play with throw-in shall be indicated by the
alternating arrow. The direction of the arrow is reversed immediately when the alternating possession
throw-in ends.
4. Goal when made and its value. A goal is made when a live ball enters the basket from above and
remains with in or passes through.
a. Free throw- one point
b. Beyond the three-point line- three points
c. Field goal (near the basket)- two points
5. Teams- shall consists of 10 or 12 players eligible to play, coach, assistant coach, a captain who shall be
on of the team members entitled to play and a maximum of 5 team followers (manager, doctor, statistician,
interpreter …) A player who committed his 5 fouls becomes a team follower.
a. Player- member of the team who is on the court and entitled to play.
b. Substitute- member of the team who is not on the court and not entitled to play
 c. A substitute becomes a player when the official beckons him to the court.
d. A player becomes a substitute when he leaves the court authorized by the rule.

6. Infraction of rules
a. Foul - is an infraction of rules involving personal contact with an opponent or unsportsmanlike
behavior.
Kinds of Personal foul
1. Blocking 4. Holding
2. Charging 5. Illegal used of hands
3. Illegal guarding from the rear 6. Pushing
b. Violation- is an infraction of the rules, the penalty for which is the loss of the ball
Kinds of Violation
1. Traveling
2. Three second
3. Eight second
4. Twenty-four seconds
5. 5 seconds violation
a. Closely guarded player
b. Free throws
c. Throw-in
6. Ball returned to the backcourt
7. Double dribble
8. Stepping

Officials, Table officials and the commissioner and their duties

● The officials shall be a referee and an umpire, they shall be assisted by the table officials and by a
commissioner, if present
● The table officials shall be the scorer, an assistant scorer, a timekeeper and a 24 second operator.
● A commissioner shall sit between the scorer and the timekeeper, his duty is to supervise the work of the
table officials and to assist the referee and the umpire.

Duties and Power of the Referee

1. Inspect and approve all equipment to use during the game.
2. Shall not permit any player to wear objects which may cause injury.
3. Administer a jump ball at center circle.

Duties of the Scorer

1. Keep record of the names and numbers of the player who are to start the game and all substitutes who
enter the game.
2. Keep running summary of points scored and record the field goals and the free throws made.
3. Record the personal and technical fouls charged against each layer. Notify the officials immediately when
a 5th foul is charged against any player, records the technical fouls charged against each coach and must
notify an official immediately when the coach is disqualified and must leave the game.

Duties of the Assistant Scorer

1. Operate the scoreboard and assist the scorer.

Duties of the Timekeeper

1. Keep record of paying time and time of stoppage.
2. Notify the teams and the officials at least 3 minutes before the first and third period is to start.

Duties of the 24 Second Operator

1. Shall be provided with a 24 second device and operate it.
2. Started or restarted as soon as a layer gains control of a live ball on the court.

Duties of the Captain

 1. Represents his team on the court
2. Communicate with the officials during the game to obtain information. This will be done in a courteous
manner and only when the ball is dead and the game clock is stopped.
3. May act as coach

Duties of the Coach or Assistant Coach

1. Representatives of the team who may communicate with the table officials during the game to obtain
statistical information. This shall be done in a courteous manner, only when the ball is dead and the game
clock has stopped.
2. Shall give the scorer a list with the names and corresponding numbers of the team members who are
eligible to play in the game at least 20 minutes before the game.
3. They are permitted to make request for a charged time out.