Discrete Mathe rmatics (MAS.

IoD

Mid Semfater Evaminatien (Mancoon 2021)

Date- ID Jan- 2022

Name Tshwar B Bolapparaar

Roll Number- 202110t023
3
are
aYe
show thart PCq-) and q(Pvr)
ogfeally equlvalent.
P(4>) P(GVD
ustng P pv
P ) v Crvq v) P V
using P9

P D vr

vPv* Cnegationegation
commutoti ve laO
vCP

Hence Proved

Proe
tertficatiop for P e *p va,
wsed above.
P NPv P
F T
F F
T
F F T T T

Therefore P PV
 -x

The ourtpet X produced grom e gver

nputs ftl be Cav we)n[*av (bv»d)

here e 3ves the n egati or)

ves he Atsf uctiton

D ves he Conunction).
 Show+ha+ CavbA (vav> (bv s a
tautol0g
Cavb) A va ve) v (b)
reduction of
Cbv C
lavb Va(wa vc) v
Soe margan's lav

a ANb) v Ca AnD CbvC

De morg am'slQu

a Ab) v|(a vbvd A Cvbvo

ASSoca+ivr
a b fCavbva CbvlE))

(NANN v@viv)ATo
(anNb Vavbue
a vavbvQ n va vb vcl

brc a
T A
T

1his proves that he

given enpres o
S tautoloqy
2
Concider the Pottoong etamplcC

PCAD , 41}, {¥, f2

C
PC)PC) = Co,o),(#,{2Y) (Y,),Gns
e depine a function

Pha
PCA

-CO,f2)

-3,41).
This fon cti on s t one - one dnd
dnd
to, thus abreetion.
similary oe can define eneral Punctiov,
Similartg
let set n C)=P and nCc)
n CA)= n e m C) - nCend
pe - o

po
PCA ha9 2 elemenis.

has 2 elements
CO has 2 elemevts

9) PCC) has GDG)-P*V

ordered pais
Since it s evidemt tna-t beth P C
and PCerPC have same eardin ali t .
i i s v e r y easy to construet a bieation
ve
each elernent
ofA PCA to
b simply mapping
an unfe element o PCx PC) av e NCe
s ,ve3O

doing is
One oay op
prqy and

Ce x PCc) { vt,2934
= . Sp

:PCA P(9) PC such

conetruc
tant that +C) =y; ohere fCyi) s only
)e-) (gP-let thís be X
NP P 7P
F T T
F F
F T
F T
T

X
T T

T T

T T
T T T

NP
T T T
F T
F F
T
T T
T
 T T

F
F F T

( > (°FaD
T
T
T
T

T T

There fore,
T

T
T
as
sT an 'TV beth are injections

Case-
i s onto .

n thiS Case range

Codomain off

This reverts to the orfatnd dep ef

hence fs njettion

Cose-2
i s nto.
oitl
n Mis case
3
be deined as Ct)
he ctra thinq ts
heuh
Co Aoman
349t true thot fA E Panqe ofS

Therefore ts case to
gCtD) is incon
Countev eramp f

learly hoth fand 3 are o o

is mt onto.

stat ewm s
hence Ven

dispiod
()he there is a
A Set S is set to be nnite if
one o - one orrcsponcd enre brjecti on) betw e
S md a proper cubsel oof s
S.

numbevs ts in ftnite
is5
To shoo e t ofreat
betwee)
e need o Pind a bijectivve
S 1s aubset of R)
R -

S. Cohere

Consider the umetion

$:R( ). an
Sach t h t

a Oneone
his fueti on s clearly
because Por eoch valne of
uction

fhere s unfque alue san

ad f Ca) on' C -ton C

+6n CtanC)) = *an (tan'()
sone-one

Note +an Ctan Ca))

Aternati vely
- for
(4anc)
2
Proves dan x) is
monot onicity hence
one Oue.
 because -
he funct on otd

for ever 6 (
there eaists Such that

Aam

deine and
tanyashieh 's
contirous for all e )
onto.
Hene he function is
We have Proved he eistanee ef aa
beto een
one one corres pondence
R and its
C) ie, between

Sabset.
Tuerefore, Sct R f Pes aumbers is

n pinte.