လႆၢးပိၼ်ႇၽႃႇသႃႇ

yyf.zkdefeh. cyf.ckdifoh.
ykef;wj,
qof;odOkwf.x wSrf;
qof;odOkwf.x wSrf;
- zl;qif,pjOgefvduf;wh: ? vduf;rmef;? seoh. sw,qArf
iof;pmuf;ref: wj,zkduf:vltmef,? zkduf:vmwf;? zkduf:wSrf;/
Owf.wj,wh:
- zl;vAyf;pAef: Owf.wj,wh:? rmef;? tdif:uAwf./
- zl;rD:bdef.ydef,zj,Oj, wh: - rmef; - tdif:uAwf./
Owf.wj,wh: sv; vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, wh:-rmef;-tdif:uAwf:

e[:yyf.eh. cof;yj:oh.
-
-
-
vhm:pAwf:wlef;uGmrf:-omuf.uB
vgif;odzwf.
vgif;emrf,sv;wmifemrf,
sv;
-
-
-
-
vgif;acj;qmif;uyf:-Orf,yef,x
vgif;udIdbj,sv;udIdbj,odaO,Oe
vhm:zkduf:ydef,zj,Oj,
vhm:zkduf:vl? zkduf:vmwf;? zkduf:wSrf;
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,
- acj;wgyf, wj,wgef;zkduf:vSef, ul;wgef;wgef;
yAefqldof:eh.bof;/
wh: rmef; tdif:uAwf.
qof;odOkwf.x wSrf;
Owf.wj,wh:
sv;
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,
wh: rmef; tdif:uAwf.
rhmwgif:yyf.
¥ qkdof;yyf. - Owf.wj,wh:sv;vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,
wh: ? rmef; ? tdif:uAwf.
¥ zl;wSrf;vduf; - qof;odOkwf.x
¥ tdwf,rldof; - yD 2005
¥ yguf;urf: - ekdif;
¥ wmif:erf - 3000 yyf.
¥ tdwf,wD; - uwf:? wj;ukif;
¥ cgrf: - NAVA Version (TPTC)
¥ ayj.cgrf: - qof;xrf,rOj,I ymif,Ohm:

qof;ynf,nj,orf,O OSifrlef:
¥ cyf:ckdifpmif;cldif; - qof;eef,awj:zj,O qgrfOSif
¥ qof;cgif - qof;TOj,qef,wj,oI
qof;TOj,odqb
qof;TOj,Okynf,nj,
uRif:ugif:rl:crf: ? oAif:rl,aq;
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; I
uGmrf:erf:
yyf.Owf.wj,zkdefeh. awvh;oj; yAefyyf.xlef;urf:Ogif
tefwuf:yAefauj.vD ykef;wj,zl;puf.vduf;vhm:cofbof;/ yyf.rl,
iof;ref:sw. yAefOwf.wj,wh: (vmwf;uGmrf:? wSrf;? ydef,
zj,Oj,) wif:tefyAefyyf.rl,pAef:Ogef cgifowf.ugif:rl:crf: oAif:
rl,aq< qArfrldof; 1982 eef.aO yAefyyf.rkdof:wSrf;aq;choh.
eef.bof;/ yyf.Owf.wj,qSwf;qSwf; tefaujvduf;vhm: oAif:
erf.crf:cof qhg;xSrfwSrf;aq;ch ? tdwf,tguf, pAwf:yAefyyf. rldof;
1979 ? wif:Oj,Oej,uD<vgef. wlif,oAif:rl,aq< ydkeftguf,rldof;
1983 eef. vh;oj; yAefNofykdif: sw,qj. cgifyyf.Owf.wj,wh:
eh.bof;/
urf:eh.sw. ref:ckdyf;ckdef;b[,rj: awj,yAefyyf.rl,qmuf;
tdwf,aO vhm:ref:? acj;rkef:ref:? zj,Oj,ref: (tdif:uAwf.)
auj; tofzldrf.O[.xSif;oh.bof;/
ugyf;Oifsv; vh;cwf:q[rj: qldif.eif,eh tefoj;eef.
ugyf;c[;P; e[:zj,Oj,wh:pof: rD:vhm:Owf.wj,? rD:yyf.Owf.wj,
rldefqldif.eif,yldef; qldof:cldof:ckdef;b[,cofrD:eef.bof;/ yldifekdif;
Owf.wj,eh. rD:au:ql:vD ykef;wj,zj,Oj,vmwf;uGmrf: rD:yuf:
yldifvD? ckdef;b[,? rD:ukef:rkefwj,vh;pmef.yAif:q[bof;/
qgif,yyf.Owf.wj,eh. tguf,rj:tgefwmif:yldef;`
zl;puf.vduf;cof awolef.rSef; acj;xmrfzhm,eldofeh.bl,/
rldof;qof.tgefwmif: rldof;wSrf;yyf.Owf.wj, wD;owf.rldif:bl.?
omef;rldif:bl.eef. zl;wSrf;vduf;auj; xmif,oj; yyf.Owf.wj,
qSwf;qSwf;? trf,eef Owf.wj,vgef.? trf,q[;Owf.wj,
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; II
tefOyf:vSif:se Owf.wj,tdif:uAwf.? Owf.wj,yj,vdeef.

bif:yh,rD: olef.rSef;eif,eh/ ulnf:uj; rj:xkdifwD;OD,Nof,bof.
trf,ayj:pkdif xkdifrldof;Wguf.xldof, qof;cl:xrf,rOj,rd tofzkdef
xh, Owf.wj,wh: cgiful,OBdef,wSrf; rldof;yD 1887 tefayj:
pdkifemef:rj: 118 yDeef. qif,N.oj; yyf.Owf.wj, rD:bl,Mh:
eh/ tefrD:bl,aO trf,Ndof;rj:? ylif,sz;xj:rj:eh. vh;oj;
qmof:wh:pof: trf,ayj:cof;q[ vgif;vduf;vhm: Owf.wj,pof:eh
awvh;oj;qldif.ehbof;/
ayj:trf,N.? N.bl,auj; trf,cSef,zhm,pof:aO ulnf:
arjzhm,yldef; cSef,zhm,yldef;eh. wj,awydef,tofzj,Oj,yldef;?
vduf;vhm:cSrf.yldef; cof;yAefzj,Oj,wh:pof:eh. ref:yAefbmyf,?
ydef,bmyf,oh. tefoj;eef. ayj:wlnf: yyf.ydef,zj,Oj,wh:
vkuf.wD;yldef;rj: tefoj; bif:wkduf.rD:at,bl,eef.auj; pof:N.
xkdifvh;bl,bof;/
Owf.wj,sv;umefydef,zj,Oj,
vgif;umefydef,zj,Oj,eh. wif:pefzl;ydef,vduf;cof aw
trf,rldefuef/ urf;zgif;auj; Owf.wj,sv;ydefzj,Oj,eh.
ref:trf,q[;OAef;wmif:vAofuef? yAeftefurf.qhg;uef zl;wSrf;
vduf;sw. pefxkdifoj; yAefvh;bl,aOwj.auj; teftrf,qgrf:
vhm:Owf.wj,aOydef,eh. ulnf:yAef ydef,tofwD;ygif,ref:
tefqof;uof,ygif,q[eef.ulnf:/ vhm:eh. ref:trf,qmif;ydef,uGj,
vh; qgrf:wlef;uGmrf:yldef;(sentences) qldif.eif, e[:yyf.rl,tef
pof:tdifeef./
tefN.Owf.wj,zhm,yldef;vD wif:N.zhm,Owf.wj,wh:vD
eh. ref:ydef,uGj,qgrf:vh; ul;wlef;uGmrf: (sentence by
sentence) aO tefacj;rkef:ref: vgif;ref:cyf.wmrf:uefvh;
qldif.eif,rl,iof; zkdeftdifrD:bof;/ tduf,Orf. OgefrSif;seuef
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; III
vh; vhm:ref: qldif.eif, tefawseuGj, wD;e[:yyf.eh.bof;/

zl;wSrf;auj; tdiftofvhm:qldof:eh.aO ydef,rj: yyf.xrf:
xrf,ryw? yIdwf.wyj,vdqof;? xrf,rquf.uyowf.weOkwfw?
Olduf;yldef:Tzj: qj.uGj,v[aO awj;vAofeh.Orf. qif,pjbof.uGj,
yyf. ]]tefykwf.xqof;Oif,Ogef (What the Buddha taught by
Walpolla Rahula)}} eh.aO trf,pkdifOif awMwf;xkdifrj:
wD;e[:rkdof: zl;puf.vduf;pof:cof cmof:vAofuef wif:yyf.
]]Owf.wj,wh:sv; vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,wh: ? rmef;? tdif:uAwf.}}
eh.bof;/
cgyf;q[xkdif
ykef;wj,yyf.eh. P;ayj:rl;r[,b[,yAefrj: qldif.eif,pmif;
zmiftefeh. ayj:trf,yj:qof;TOj,eef,awj:zj,O omef;qmrf
rldif:rl, tSrf,at, tefqgh;ayj. sr:cyf.? sr:xwf: pmif;cldif;
yef ul;Orf,OSefyldifehqkdif awtrf,yAefrj:vh;/ zhm,ayj.cgrf:
Orf. qof;xrf,rOj,I owf.ymifOhm: tofykef;zgef:ayj.bof.
aO Olif,rj:qgrf: qof;TOj,ejIW ymifOhm: rldof;ref:qof;
vkuf.rldif:rmef;rj:wD;OD,Nof, ykef;wj,awckdef;pAef: qef.qgrf
BPU eef.bof;/ ugyf;wmif:qhg;xSrfqldof:eh.sv; wj,awpAwf:
yAefrj: yyf.tefeh. qif,vh;xlnf;q[ihm;rj:sw.sw.bof;/
ohm:aO pmif;cldif;yyf.bof.eef. ugyf;qof;cl:odqb owf.
rlnf,awj,? qof;cl:ynfnjODId? qof;TOj,OkoI rmof:crf:? qof;
aWodefW OSifcrf: ukif:Oj,cof qgh;xwf:yefsv; wlofzdwf:
OAifzdwf:ref: vh;oj; at,uGj,sw.bof;/ ugyf;ehsv; zl;wSrf;
vduf; rD:wmif:Nrfqlrf:b[,erfaO cgyf;q[xkdif wD;qof;pof:cof
ayj:trf,rD:wD;oj;bof;/ ugyf;vh;wSrf;vduf;eh.sv; zgef:vD
ukOlof, rD:rj:uj;pkdofauj; cSef:awj; P;vh;zAif,yAif:eif,uef
aOurf:atj;/
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; IV
wmif:pefxkdif qof;cl:odqb
yyf.Owf.wj,wh:zkdefeh. yAefyyf.zdkeftef sz
yef vhm:vmwf;? vhm:wSrf;? vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, ykef;wj,
yD;egif.qmof:wh:pof: zkdefekdif;eh wlofcj; vh;vlvh;zwf:
wlnf:bof.aO qif,vh;vmwf;tguf,rj:qldif.ehbof./
ayj:vh;wlnf:rSef;vlrSef; zkduf:qgrf:yyf.zkdefeh.qkdif
awqmif;N.vh; vhm:oh.vhm:omif: wmif:ySuf,yldif;uefzj,Oj,yldef;
wmif:zj,Oj,pof:aO awarjwSrf; arjvmwf; arjydef,tof
uGmrf;yldef; rj:yAefuGmrf:pof:bl,bof;/
vldofaOeef. ugyf;qof;TOj,pof: rD:q[puf.Oj, vduf;
vhm:? zj,Oj,aO wSrf;tguf,rj:yyf.Owf.wj,wh:zkdefeh.sv;
cj;way: tofukif,tofrkef qof;TOj,pof:bl,sw.cj;atj;/
eyf.brfoh;Oj,aO
cj;ay: qof;odqbjZdyjv
qlof;cmof: rldif:OD,Nof,
4. 7. 2005
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; V
wmif:pefxkdif qof;eefaWjZjO qgrfOSif

ulef:qmof:clod f:e[:clif:avj:ueh. wkdef:rD:oh. zj,Oj,?
'dif;si; sv;vduf;vhm:bl,pif:z[ref:/ wj,awwdwf:awj,
uyf:Okdyf,cof;tguf,uefeef. zj,Oj,uGmrf:vmwf;sv;vduf;vhm:
eh. yAefyldifvlif ihm:eif, clofuhm, Ohmpmof: OAef;wmif:bmof:
aO wh, egif yhcof;ql:uefvh; ihm;ihm;vlrfvlrfeef.bof;/
e[:uGmrf:vmwf;sv;vduf;vhm:eh. rD:oh. yuf:yldif vhm:
q[.wkdof:ref:bl,/ yh,oj;vduf;vhm:ugef, awj;uGmrf:vmwf;ulnf:
auj; ayj:tofNofpAwf:pmif? tofpmifpAwf:Nof? vmwf;ydef;
ydef;zlefzlefeh auj.xgrf,auj; awtrf,ygif,vSif:q[vh;?
auj.vmwf;ref:auj; awNdof.q[ trf,xkdifwD;bldif:rhm tef
qof;uof,c[;oj;vh;/
vduf;vhm:eh. cSef:pjwD;oj; trf,rD:bof;? ayj:trf,
wSrf;rSef;qgrf: yuf:yldifrhmrD;ref:eh zl;vltmef,ref: aw
trf,ayj:ygif,q[vD/ awj;ulnf: oh.wD;ukdwf:wD;bmef (wD;yof,
- space; ,wdjzwf) acj;uGmrf: trf,rSef;wD;ref:ulnf: auj;
wD;ygif,ref: bif:qmif;yldif;ugef,/ wlofbmif,ref:- bdif:Omof
tgef, wkuf:bgef:clof:tefc[;vh; wD;tlnf:auj. qhm:rmof,
tgef,sv; qhm:rmof,tgef,eef. vmwf;oj;-
]]ayj:Ol awtofpof: awOkdof.yefvh}} sv;
]]ayj:Ol awtof pof:awOkdof.yefvh}}eheh. wD;
ygif,ref: ylid f;uefoh.bof;/ Orf.xSif;-
]]ayj:Olawtofpof:awOkdof.yefvh}} eh.Orf. aw
pAwf:pkdofukdwf: bmef acj;uGmrf: wD;v[auj;trf,qmif;/ yAef
vhm:wSrf; cyf.ayj. vldif:vldwf.vlifoh.aO yefwmif:bmyf,
q[ uGifq[ ulef:vltmef,ref:sw.sw./ yldifwSuf;ref:xSif;-
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; VI
]]'dif;xkif: trf,vDbj.? 'dif;'j. trf,vDxgef}}sv;

]]'dif;xkif:trf,vD bj.? 'dif;'j.trf,vD xgef}}eh.
auj; wD;ygif,ref: trf,rldefuef/ vhm:oh.omif: eif,ehauj;
vh;oj; cof;yj:e[:Owf.wj, tefekdif;eif,uof,/
ugyf;eh eif,pkdofvduf;wh:pof: ayj:aw ckdef;b[,wldof:
wgef:ckdwf:qef.vluf;vh;eef. zl;tefcwf:q[ bkuf.bgif;
vduf;vhm:wh:pof: umyf;ymefbmrf:vAofeh. qof;TOj,odOkwf.x
eh.auj; cof;yj:oh. qof;ekdif;bl,/ ref:qof; bmrf;wSrf;yyf.
Owf.wj,wh:aO ayj.ykdefrj:bl,bof;/ yyf.Owf.wj,wh:
yyf.eh.auj; rldof;tgefwmif: ref:qof;qSuf,pAwf:Ogifyyf.
aO tdwf,tguf,bof. yyf.ekdif;aOsv; tofOgefyefvkuf;
egif.rj:bl,/ yyf.ekdif;eef. ulnf:bldif:ql: wj,yAefiof;pmuf;
ykdef.xmefOwf.wj,wh: wj,zl;vAuf.ehg.cofulnf:aOwj. urf:
eh.sw. tofNrf;yAefyyf.vAofaOtrf,uj: zldrf.xSrfyj: vhm:
ydef,zj,Oj, zhm,rmef;? zhm,tdif:uAwf. xSif;ugef,bof;/
ugyf;ehsv; yyf.zkdefeh. wj,vAyf;pAef:Owf.wj,zhm,
wh:eef. vh;oj;wArfxlef;oh.sw.sw.bof;/ awyAefrj:vh;
yyf.tefurf.xSrfyef zl;vAyf;pAef:tof iof;pmuf; Owf.wj,
wh:sv; zl;rD:bdef.wSrf;vduf;? ydef,vduf;pof:cofbl,ehbof;/
bgef:bgif;abj:tofukef:rkef Nrfqlrf:qgrf: tefqof;TOj,
odOkwfxpof: cwf:q[aO wSrf;yAefrj: yyf.Owf.wj,wh:
sv; vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, wh:? rmef;? tdif:uAwf.eh. sw.
sw.oj;oj;aO J
qof;eefaWjZjO qgrfOSif
qlof:cmof: ukefOD,Nof,
7th July 2005
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; VII
ekv;hnrtJcr jwr;bYr,Yv,sI,Ri s/obznr

jzmr:ncr,wv; @hqdr:aI;scregv;l/o: dv,kJgr.k/o: mnr:dJnr:
lUwr,lo;mI:bKcrlI# nonnr. lKcr;lTesamr,wv; ebv:wv;lo;hnr
lo/:mJwr:mnr:gQdr;gQdr;lQdr;lQdr;wo.< amr,nnr dI;pidr:mnr:
hmr.ea,wo.< lQdr:lQdr:sQwr:sQwr:wo.< gUnr:dcr:nmregv; tugr,
jTmQnr;jTwo.< h/cr;ebv:jbr:jzo: Wo:dinrWo:mJwr:mnr:wo.nonnr.
jJcr Wo:dinrWo:mJwr:anrnnr. yv,t/cr,wv; mnr:bqnranrj
lKwr;jlv;es hqdr:nonnr.lv:lv:> yznr.bKwr;mnr: mI:lzgr:mI:
l/o:mnr:lI< bKcrmnr:kQmr.mv:El; jcr,edbqnrnnr edlo;hnr
ncr,nnryU,amr,h/cr.> dI;nnr;nnr. lUwr,lo;mI: ekv;dQgr,
lQcr:wv; @yznr.mI:l/o:El; jcr,kJgr.k/o:# nonnr.yU,> edhqdr:
g/nr aI;scresamr,wv; lzgr:l/o:lImnr:< bKcranrkQmr.mnr:no.
hwr:dJnr:lUwr,lo;mI: gQmrdUwrgQmrkicr:hwr:wo. mnr:jcr,edbqnrEd.
bqnrwv; anrwv;nnr.ywr;>
nT:lKcr;g/nr dQmr;ligr;dQmr;l/o:egv;lI binr,ligr;binr,
l/o:egv;lI mnr:dJnr:mI:wo.lzgr:l/o:mnr:< bKcrmnr:yU,hcr:pThcr:
mnr:> anrlmr,lzcr;nv, anrlImI:lzgr:l/o: mnr:nv,no.Ed.
bqnrg/nrbinr,ligr;binr,l/o:nnr.ywr.> yznr.wv; hwr:lUwr,awr
gf/mr:bKnr;es mv:hqdr:gf/mr:hwr:nnr.El; ebv:edwv; binr,gv;wv;
gv;bqnrlUcrgfv, amr,awrjzmr:l/o:hwr:gfv,Ed. mnr:dJnr:awrdI;
bzcr,mnr: amr,lo;gmr:lqwr< amr,hU.dI;bzcr,mnr:lo; gmr:lqwr
nnr.yU,amr,h/cr.> yznr.wv; l/o:gffv,gUnr:kKwr:nJcr;El;kKwr:nJcr;
nnr. dI;wo.dI:w/cr:mnr: amr,mKnrgnrnnr.ywr.>
y/mr:lqwrEd. bqnr"iwregv;lI jzmr:ncr,wv; @mKwr;pzcr:jUmr
nmr.yU,nnr. dUnr;yKwr;yv;aznr,gUYr:egv; bqnrdI;jTyT,Ed.
Ed.# nonnr. bI;nzcr.do:hwr:egv; y/mr:pzcr:dT:mzcr:eahv lzcr;
gKwr:lI anrwv;ligr;l/o:noyU,nnr. scrjKwr.wv; mnr:jgr.gfv,
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; VIII
lo;hnr bbr.anrmnr:mucr;mzcr:< lzcr;anrmnr:szgr;hv< kzcranr

mnr:sUcrmJdr;nonnr.jJcr yumr,ymrwv; mnr:edj/cr;bqnrlo;
ekv;jzo;eg;ko tQmrbnrlzgr:bwr,mnr:nnr.yU,aidr:aI;> ywr.egv;
mnr:edhqdr:H; lzcr;jTlqgr.aznr,mnr:nnr. kJnr:munr:gI;mI:
hQcr: mv:yU,aidr:nJcr;nonnr. yumr,ymrngr:ngr:nvnvyU,>
anrbqnrbbr.aznr, @@l/o:sdr.dv, l/o:binr,pv,sv,##
jwr;Csv,wisudr.tno.egv; aicrnKwgr /crjT hgr.nKwrligr;l/o:< hgr.
nKwrpv,sv,< hgr.nKwrjKwr.kKwr:El; aicrnKwrnmr.gdr.jwr;gwr,
jKwr:nnr. kUnr:kwr:elv:El:gnres ncr,"iwrH;ebv:lo;bqnr
kzcrp/gr,bI;nzcr.do: jKwr:anrkT;loo; lzgr:l/o:binr,pv,sv, yU,
jKwr:nnr.El; jcr,lo;hqdr:azgr,mv: bbr.anrno.yU,> yumr,ymr
wv; mnr:edmI:pznr:lI dv,ligr;l/o:< pv,sv,< sv,snv,< jKwr.
kKwr:hwr: dcr:nmr,yU,no…
nbr.ymryT,nmres-
jwr;bYr,Yv,sIRi s/obznr
jUwr;gQbr. mKcr:sI,Rilcr:gv
06.07.2005
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; IX
vrf:e[:
1. vhm:pAwf:wlef;uGmrf: …… 1-2
wD;ygif,wlef;uGmrf:? uwf.wj:? umrf,? udIdbj, …… 1
acj; ? emrf, ? odzwf. …… 2
2. wgef;odzwf. …… 3-10
wD;ygif,odzwf.?odzwf.zhm,wh:?vhm:oh.odzwf.wif:emrf, 3
cyf.pAwf:wlef;uGmrf: rmef;? wh: …… 4
zkduf:vSef,wgef;ekdif; (u)-(O) wh:?rmef; …… 6
odzwf. wgef;Ogif …… 10-22
wlofodzwf.? wD;ygif,odzwf. …… 11
wlef;uGmrf: tefyj:acj;pyf. …… 12
wlef;uGmrf: tefyj:acj;xgeftguf, …… 13
acj;uyf:cgifqof; …… 14
acj;uGmrf:tefyj:acj;setgif;xifOof: …… 15
acj;uGmrf:tefyj: acj;sevgif; …… 16
acj;zkduf:vSef,wgef;Ogif (u)-(O) wh:?rmef; …… 17
odzwf. wgef;Omrf …… 23-33
acj;wD;ygif, 1. acj;seNrf;ukduf:uef?
2. acj;sewD;vlduf;xgeftguf, …… 23
3. acj;seykef;cgifqof;? 4. acj;secmof: …… 24
1. wlofseouf.uB scj;seNrf;ukduf:uef …… 24
2. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;wD;vlduf;xgeftguf, …… 25
3. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;seykef;cgifqof; …… 26
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; X
4. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;secmof: …… 27
zkduf:vSef, wgef;Omrf wh: ? rmef; …… 28
3. wgef;ej,rodaOOe …… 34
4. wgef;acj;qmif;uyf: …… 35-52
acj;qmif;uyf: Omrfbldif;? 1. acj;qmif;uyf:yw …… 35
2. acj;qmif;uyf: ouf.uB …… 38
3. acj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b …… 45
wgef;zkduf:vSef, Orf,yef,x …… 50
5. wgef;udIdbj …… 53-64
bmrf:uj,vOmrfbldif; …… 53
1. udIdbj,yqf.qkyef,e …… 53
2. udIdbj, twD,wuj,v …… 55
3. udIdbj, tej,uwuj,v …… 57
oqef: at, ? erf …… 58
acj;xwf:Oif? acj;xmrfwgyf, wgef;udIdbj, …… 61
6. wgef;udIdbjodaOOe …… 65-69
vhm:wSrf;udIdbj,odaO,Oe Ogifvhm: …… 65
zhm,rmef; …… 67
acj;xmrfwgyf,udIdbj,odaO,Oe …… 69
7. wgef;ouf.uB=wlef;uGmrf: …… 70-80
1. ouf.uBacj;xmrf …… 70
vhm:wSrf;zhm,rmef; rD:OgifrAof: …… 71
2. ouf.uBymuf;xmrf? 3. ouf.uBq[.zdwf;Mif. …… 72
4. ouf.uBymuf; …… 74
5. ouf.uBpmrf;wyf. …… 75
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; XI
6. ouf.uBbgef:Ol: sv; acj;vj, …… 76

7. ouf.uBtkyrj, …… 77
8. ouf.uBacj;qD.ySif;uof, …… 79
9. ouf.uBacj;Okdof; …… 80
8. wgef;zkduf:ydef,zj,Oj, …… 81-119
edwj,e …… 81
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,/ oj,qif,u Ogh;uGmrf:uof;bldif; …… 82
(1)wgef;emrf,sv;(2)wmifemrf,? (3)wgef;odzwf.emrf, 85
wSuf;wD:uef zhm,wh:? rmef;? tdif: qgrf:yw-cases 87
(4) wgef;ejrodaOOe-acj;pmif;cldif;emrf, …… 90
vgif;wmif:ySuf,odaO,Oewh: wif:yldef; (yj,vd?rmef;?tdif:) 92
yldifbl, odaOOe Nuf:bldif; cgiftdif:udwf. …… 93
(5) wgef;udIdbj, …… 98
(6) wgef;udIdbj,odaO,Oe-acj;pmif;cldif;udIdbj, …… 101
(7) acj;qmif;uyf:-Orf,yef,x(Conjunction) …… 107
qldof.Orf,yef,x(Conjunction) Ogifbldif; …… 108
(8) wgef;acj;wkdef, …… 116
(9) wgef;acj;qdrf …… 117
9. wgef;zkduf:vl ? vmwf; ? wSrf; ? ydef,zj,Oj, …… 120-143
tkd;ukefonf olaX;BuD;OD;Av …… 120
vkH;aph = t"dyÜg,f …… 121
tar; = tajz …… 123
0guswnfaqmufjcif; …… 125
tar;pum; avhusifhjcif; …… 126
xGmESif; ESifh rcrf;vkH …… 127
vkHaph = t"dyÜg,f …… 130
bmomjyefjcif; …… 133
Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; XII
pum;ajymavhusifhjcif; = zkduf:vmwf;uGmrf: …… 136

zwfpmtykdif;(2) arsmuftmZmenf …… 137
vkH;aph = t"dyÜg,f …… 138
bmomjyefjcif; …… 139
pum;ajymavhusifhjcif; …… 142
10. Translation …… 144-147
11. wgef;acj;wgyf, wj,wgef;zkduf:vSef,ul;wgef; …… 148-163

zkduf:vSef,wgef;ekdif; (u) (c) …… 148
(i) (q) (O) …… 149
avhusifhcef; tykdif;(1)twGuf tajzrSef (u)(c) …… 150
(*) (C) (i) …… 151
acj;wgyf, zkduf:vSef, wgef;Ogif (u) (c) …… 152
(i) (q) …… 153
(O) …… 154
avhusifhcef; tykdif;(2) (u) …… 154
(c) (*) …… 155
(C) (i) …… 156
zkduf:vSef, wgef;Omrf (u) …… 157
(c) (i) (q) …… 158
avhusifhcef; tykdif;(3) (u) (c) (*) …… 160
(C) …… 161
(i) …… 162
acj;wgyf, wgef;zkduf:vSef, Orf,yef,x …… 163
12. acj;cgwf,bgwf; …… 164

Owf.wj, wh: - rmef; 1
1. vhm:pAwf:wlef;uGmrf:
0guswnfaqmufenf;
0gus / / 0gusqkdonfrSm qkdvkdonfhpum; t"dyÜg,fjynfhpkH
NyD; em;axmifolukd em;vnfapaom pum;wpf
cGef;ponfwkdY jzpfonf/
wlef;uGmrf: / / 0gus= wlef;uGmrf:tefoj;eh. rD:acj;ygif, tef
ref:cfG;oj;eef. ukrf,xlef;aO yefP;auj.xgrf,
ayj:ygif,q[eef.bof;/
uwåm;/ / uwåm;qkdonfrSm jyKvkyfwwfolukd ac:ygonf/
uwf.wj: tefoj;eh. yAefauj.pAwf:Omif;bof;/
uH / / uHqkdonfrSm tjyKcHtm;vkH;ukd ac:ygonf/

umrf,tefoK;eh. yAeftefxif.cmrf,wif:OAif;bof;/
Bud,m / / jyKvkyfwwfaom uwÅm;\ tiftm;tpGrf;&nf

vIyf&Sm;rIjzpfaom jyKjcif;? vkyfjcif;? pm;jcif;?
oGm;jcif; ponfwkdY jzpfMuygonf/
udIdbj,tefoj;eh. ref:yAef ]]udef? uGj,? yh ?
pAwf:}} tefyAeftAefpSif: wmif:wlif.ekdif cgif
uwf.wj:bof;/
2 qof;odOkwf.x wSrf;
yk'f / / yk'fqkdonfrSm tac:ta0: (emrf)wpfpk? okdYr [kwf
0dbwfESifh wGJxm;aom emrfukd qkdygonf/ Bud,m
rsm;vnf; yk'fyifjzpfygawmhonf/
acj; / / acj;tefoj;eh. yAefemrf,ekdif;tef tefwmif,
vh;qkdof; trf,eef emrf,wif:odzwf. uyf:uef
eef. Mif.oj; acj;=ykuf;bof;/ qldof:yAefudIdbj,
auj; yAefacj;eif,uof,bof;/
emrf / / emrfqkdonfrSm tac:ta0:[lorQudk (emrnfwyf

NyD; ac:EkdiforQukd) emrf[kac:ygonf/
emrf, / / emrf,tefoj;eh. uj;yAeftefwmif,qkdof;vh;wif:
OAif;eh. Mif.oj;emrf,bof;/
0dbwf / / 0dbwfqkdonfrSm uwåm;yk'fjzpfonf/ uHyk'fjzpfonf

ponfjzihf yk'ftrsdK;tpm;ESifh t"dyÜg,fukd cGJjcm;wwf
aom onf? um;? rSm? u ponfwkdYukd 0dbwf[k
ac:ygonf/ þ0dbwfwkdYum; emrfESifhwGJ&onfh
twGuf emrf0dbwf[k ac:onf/
K
2. wgef;odzwf.
odzwf. wgef;ekdif;
odzwf. tefoj;eh. ref:qmif;arj qwf:rSif,yef
acj; wif:wD;ygif,ref:sv; Mif.oj;odzwf.bof;/
1/ onf - um; - rSm - u 0dbwå quf&uwåm;rSm/
2/ ukd – okdY - tm; 0dbwfum; qufjim; uHyk'frSm/
3/ jzifh - ESifh - eJY qufcJh&mrSef tokH;cHjyyk'frSm/
rSwfcsuf/ / okdY- 0dbwfonf enf;opfjrefrmo'´gwGif a&S;½I&mjy
0dbwf[k owfrSwf\/ tm;- 0dbwfonf &HcgrSmom
uH ukda[m\/ trsm;tm;jzifh vufcHjy 0dbwf jzpf
onf/
odzwf.zmh,wh:
1. eh.- yAefozd wf. uwf.wj:/
2. wD;? xkdifwD;? ql:? ql:wD;? Ol,? Ol,wD; qldof:eh.qrf:
wuf:rj:Mif. odzwf. umrf,/
3. tof? tofaO wuf:oj;se P;cmrf,Mif.acj;qgh;bof./
vhm:oh. odzwf. wif: emrf,

jrefrm wh:
emrf + 0dbwfwckck emrf, + odzwf.uwf.wj:
odzwf.urf,r quGj, + emrf,
0guspDjcif; = cyf.pAwf:wlef;uGmrf:
e[:wlef;uGmrf: ekdif;tefeh. ayj:rD:Ogifacj; Omrfacj;
rj:cyf.uefqgif, qif,wArfxlef;bof./
0guswpfckrSm yk'faygif; ESpfyk'f okH;yk'fponfwkdYyg&SdrSjynfhpkH
rnf/
jrefrm
uwåm;yk'f uHyk'f
Bud,m
emrf + 0dbwf emrf + 0dbwf
armifarmif + onf xrif; + ukd pm;\
&[ef; + onf ausmif; + okdY oGm;\
ukd&ifonf ausmif; + okdY vm\
uRJonf jrpfxJ + okdY qif;\
ol + onf rvS + ukd ½kduf\
aMumif + onf <uuf + ukd ckwf\
usm; + um; aMumifom; + ukd rpm;yg
wh:
acj;uwf.wj: acj;umrf,
acj;udIdbj,
emrf, + odzwf. odzwf. + emrf,
qmh:qmh: + eh. udef wD; + cof;
Ipmef: + eh. uGj, wD; + uRif:
qof;Omif, + eh. rj: wD; + uRif:
ref: + eh. rif wD; + bdif:vj.
rSof: + eh. ouf. wD; + el
Oldof + eh. trf,udef eldof.rSof:
tokH;cHjyyk'f&Sd 0gusykHpH
uwåm;yk'f tokH;cHjyyk'f uHyk'f
Bud,myk'f
emrf+0dbwf emrf+0dbwf emrf+0dbwf
armifarmifonf 'kwfjzifh a>rukd ½kduf\
v,form;onf wHpOfjzifh pyg;wkdYukd &dwf\
rvSonf ykH;jzifh a&ukd cyf\
ausmif;olonf pufbD;jzifh ausmif;okdY oGm;\
uRefawmfonf azgifwdefeJY pmukd a&;\
olonf rD;&xm;jzifh rEÅav;okdY oGm;cJh\
tzkd;onf BudK;jzifh xif;ukd zJGUcsnf\
zmh,wh:
acj;uwf.wj: acj;qgh; acj;umrf,
acj;udIdbj,
emrf,+odzwf. emrf,+odzwf. emrf,+odzwf.
qmh:qmh:eh. tofcgef. rif_ayj. wD; il:
qof;ej:eh. tofcAof: ymwf, wD;-wlef;cof;
bdif:vj.eh. tofykif: wAuf: wD; erf.
vkuf;pAef:bdif:eh. cD,vSifaO uGj, Nif:pAef:
uofeh. tofurfqkdrf: wSrf; vduf;
ref:eh. qgrf:Ixj: uGj, rmef:wav:
yl,eh. tofqlduf; rwf. zkdef:
zkduf:vSef, wgef;ekdif;
(u) wD;vguf:yof,zmh,w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;emrf,
odzwf. aOteftef tefref:vlof,eef.vl:/
1. qmh:qmh: ------- rj: ------ Ndef:/
2. -------- eh. clyf: wD;--------- /
3. tl; -------- ayj.rif wD; ------- /
4. -------- eh. udef ------- cof;/
5. qmh:nkef. ------ tof ------ aO rif ---- rj/
6. ref: ---------- vj, wD;---------- /
7. bdif:vj. ------- tof ------ aO uGj, wD; ---- /
8. Odlof ---------- clyf:udef ------------- /
9. qmif. --------- ------- ilif: ------ pmrfrh./
10. rl:Odlof: -------- --------- umif, bkdof: ------ /
11. --------- eh. ------- sc --------- wgwf;
wD;qldof: ----------- /
12. vkuf;Okduf:cofeh. tof -----aO bkdif:wD;qldof: ------/
13. vkuf;pAef:cof tgeftmef, ------------------ /
(c) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;uwf.wj:

acj;umrf, acj;qgh; aOteftef tefxkuf,vSyf;eef.vl:/
1. rSof:eh. wAuf: ---------------- /
2. eleh. ulof ----------------- /
3. --------------- Ogefvduf;yef wD;qldof:way:bl,/
4. ayj;eh. rif --------------------/
5. --------- tofurfqkdrf:aO wSrf; -----------/
6. --------- -------------- uGj, wD;Nif:pAef:/
7. arjOgefeh. ------------- wSrf;vduf;bl,/
(i) wD;acj;yj;w[;eh. sr:oh.yef P;rSef;wD;ref:vl:/

1. udef cof; uofeh./
2. wD;Ndef: uGj,bof; qmh:qmh:eh./
3. bdif:vj.eh. rj:bl, wD;Nif:pAef:/
4. clyf:bof. rjeh. wD;zl;bdif:/
5. tofuj:aO uofcj;eh. uGj,rj:bof. wD;ref:wav:/
6. rkefqof; Tzj: oh;bof./
7. wD;cAefcof wkduf:bof. vkuf;Okduf:cofeh./
8. zl;ulef:vDeh. xrf:qof;bof. y[.yj:/
9. rj. Oldofeh. clyf:/
10. OSof; yj wrf,ij;eh./
(q) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qSwf;wlnf:aO ayj:

zdwf:eh rmhyefrj: (_) eh.aO ayj:rSef;eh rmh (Â) eh.
rj:vl:/
1. r[:eh. zl;bdif:pmif;vDeh. puf./
2. sr; puf. uofcj;sw./
3. uGmif rl:Oldof:eh. bkdof:/
4. rSof:eh. eleh. wAuf:/
5. il:eh. vkdyf;wAuf: cAwf,bof./
6. ckefapjcrf:eh. wD;umif, cAefcofeh. bkdof:bof./
7. wD;vdif: wD;rmuf,rh. udefbof./
8. ilduf;eh. tkdefudef ymifwmh:bof./
(O) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qwf:seyef acj;ref:

rj:vl:/
1. sr;yj;eh. tofwif:uj:aO rj:wD;Ndef:uofcj;/
2. vkif:uofcj;eh. puf. uofcj;sw.sw./

3. rjeh. clyf:pSrf uh,/
4. bdif:rlofcrf:eh. yuf: rguf,umh:vof:/
5. arjrkdof:eh. tofqldof:yAefrh.aO pAwf: Ndef:bl,/
6. qof;ej:eh. tofzldof zldofej:bl,/
7. qof;Ndof:cofeh. tofNdof: zmh:cmrf;erf.bl,/
8. qmh:qmh:eh. tofvSifaOuGj, wD;Nif:pAef:/
9. egif.qmh:tgef,eh. toftkifaO pAwf: pmif;uGhm:bl,/
10. bdif:Omofeh. tofwif:rguf,aO yl,aqj, ugif:rl:/
avhusifhcef; tykdif; (1)

(u) atmufyguGufvyfwGif vkdtyfaom emrfyk'f 0dbwf
wpfckck xnfhay;yg/
1. armifarmif -------- tdrf --------- vm\/
2. ------- onf -------- ukd ukduf\/
3. taz ------ ------- ukd ½kduf\/
4. --------- onf xrif; -------- pm;\/
5. armifnGefY ------- ------jzifh acG; ----- ½kduf\/
6. olonf ----- ukd qJ\/
7. rvS ------ ------ jzifh ------ okdY oGm;\/
8. usm; ----- ------ ukd ukdufpm;\/
9. qif ------- ESmarmif; ------ opfwkdY ----- r\/
10. rkqkd; ----- ----- ukd av; ------ ypf\/
11. ------ onf uGef,uf ------- ig;wkdYukd zrf;\/
12. ppfom;wkdYonf ------ jzifh -------- wkdYukd ypf\/
13. ausmif;om;wkdY ------ --------- ukd usufMu\/
(c) atmufyguGufvyfwGif oifhawmfaom uwåm;yk'f uHyk'f
tokH;cHyk'f wpfckck xnfhyg/
1. aMumifonf --------------- ckwfaeonf/
2. <uufonf ---------------- aMumufonf/
3. ----------- wynfhrsm;ukd pmoifae\/
4. tazonf ---------- ½kduf\/
5. ---------- azgifwdefjzifh --------- a&;\/
6. -------- ------- ausmif;okdY oGm;\/
7. q&monf --------- pmukd a&;ae\/
(*) atmufygyk'frsm;ukd ae&mrSefatmif xm;yg/

1. pm;\ uRefawmfonf xrif;ukd/
2. ausmif;okdY oGm;\ armifarmifonf/
3. r,fvSonf vm\ ausmif;okdY/
4. ukduf\ acG;onf rdef;rukd/
5. um;jzifh uRefawmfonf oGm;cJhonf rEÅav;okdY/
6. bkef;BuD;onf &Sdckd;\ bk&m;ukd/
7. &efolwkdYukd wkdufMu\ ppfom;wkdYonf/
8. olawmfaumif;onf apmifh\ w&m;ukd/
9. jrif;ukd usm;u ukduf\/
10. zrf;\ ig;wkdYukd wHigonf/
(C) atmufyg0guswkdYukd pDppfNyD; rSm;ygu (_) trSwfjzifh

rSefygu (Â) trSwfjzifh rSwfay;yg/
1. cifAsm;u rdef;rvSu cspf\/
2. uRefawmfukd taru odyfcspf\/
3. orifu rkqkd;u av;ukd ypf\/
4. aMumifonf <uufonf ckwf\/
5. a>ronf zg;ukd vkdufzrf;\/

6. bk&ifonf av;ukd &efolu ypf\/
7. arsmufukd opfoD;ukd pm;\/
8. rdausmif;onf ,kefukd 0g;rsdK\/
(i) atmufyg 0guswkdYukd yk'frsm;jzifh cGJjcm;jyyg/

1. ta':onf uRefawmftrd fokdY um;jzifh vm\/
2. uRefawmfOD;BuD;onf uRefawmfukd tvGefcspf\/
3. ra&TMumonf ESif;qDyef;ukd yef\/
4. vuform;onf opfwkdUjzifh tdrfukdaqmufae\/
5. ul;wkdYorm;onf avSjzifh jrpfukd avSmfcwfaeonf/
6. armifarmifonf pufbD;jzifh ausmif;okdY oGm;\/
7. nDav;onf &THUESifh uRJ½kyfukd vkyfae\/
8. tysdKunmonf yef;rsm;jzifh apwDukd ylaZmfaeonf/
9. acG;onf Muufukd ukdufowf\/
10. vuform;onf xGefjzifh v,fukd xGef\/
odzwf. wgef;Ogif - 0dbwf tykdif; ( 2 )

jrefrm
1.tm; - rSm - um; qufjim; vufcHjyyk'frSm/
2.rS - u þ0dbwå quf&xGufcGg&m jyyk'frSm/
3.\ - rSmum; qufjim; ykdifqkdifolrSm/
4. ü – rSm - wGif - 0,f - u ig;0dbwå qufy
tcsdefjyyk'fESifh ae&mjyyk'frSm/
5. í – aMumifh – aomaMumifh - ojzifh qufESifhtaMumif;
[dwfrSm/
zmh,wh:
1. wD;pif: - P; q[.wD;auj.pyf.tof/
2. aO?bmefaO? vkuf.? vkuf.wD; yAefwD;tgif;xmoftguf,/
3. cgif serguf,uyf:cgifqof;/
4. wD;? uj;wD; cof;yAefwD;tgif;xifOof:/
5. bgef.? ugyf;? yldof;? bgef.yldof;? ugyf;yldof; qldof:eh.
ref:wkdef:seqh.iof;iSef;/
acj;wD;ygif,
acj;pyf. = acj;pyf.tefoj;eh. yAefauj.tefpyf.tofcldif;clof:
vAif: wmif:pAwf: tefydlef;yefrj:eef.bof;/
wj,aw P;N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;pyf.eef. wD;pif:-
P; odzwf.Ogiftefeh. yldif:yefbof;/
(acj;pyf.-vufcHjyyk'f)
acj;xgeftguf, = acj;xgeftguf,tefoj;eh. yAefwD;uwf.wj:
udIdbj,cof zmwf,tguf,eef.bof;/ wj,P;N.qSif;
oj; yAefacj;xgeftguf,eef. vkuf.? vkuf.wD;
odzwf. Ogiftefeh. yldif:seyefbof;/
(acj;xgeftguf,-xGufcGgjyyk'f)/
odzwf.uyf:cgifqof; = cgif- odzwf.tefeh. ref:qeftof
clof: vAif:uyf:Okdyf,yefqof;bof;/
(odzwf.uyf:cgifqof; - ykdifqkdifjcif;jy0dbwf (\)/
acj;setgif;xifOof: = acj;setgif;xifOof: tefoj;eh.
yAefxj,ewef:Oof: cgiful;bldif;bldif;bof;/ wj,P;
N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;tgif;xifOof:eef. wD;? uj;wD;
odzwf.qldof:eh. yldif:seyefbof;/ (acj;setgif;
xifOof: - ae&mjyyk'f)/
acj;sevgif; = acj;sevgif;tefoj;eh. ref:yAefvgif;wmif:

Omif,awj,sv; vgif;wmif:trf,Omif,awj, ul;qldof.
ul;bldif;bof;/ wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;sevgif;eh
eef. ]]bgef.? bgef.yldof;? yldof;? ugyf;? ugyf;yldof;}}
qldof:eh. yldif:seyefbof;/
(acj;sevgif; - taMumif;jyyk'f)/
vufcHjyyk'f&Sd 0gusykHpH
jrefrm
uwåm;yk'f vufcHjyyk'f uHyk'f
Bud,m
emrf + 0dbwf emrf + 0dbwf emrf + 0dbwf
tar+onf nDrrdi,f+tm; rkefY+ukd ay;\
rvSonf &[ef;+tm; qGrf;ukd avmif;vSL\
oifu b,folY+tm; ypönf;ukd ay;oenf;
armifarmifonf olawmif;pm;tm; xrif;ukd ay;\
q&mawmfonf wynfh+wkdYtm; bmukd a[mMum;oenf;
q&mawmfonf wynfhwkdYtm; w&m;awmfukd a[mMum;\
wlef;uGmrf:tefyj:acj;pyf.
zhm,wh:
acj;uwf.wj: acj;umrf, acj;pyf.
acj;udIdbj,
emrf,+odzwf. odzwf.+emrf, odzwf.+emrf,
sr;+eh. yef wD;+cof;rkef: P;+egif.bdif:
bdif:vj.eh. vgif:vl, cof;Ogrf: P;qof;Ipmef:
r[: yef wmif:vl, P;z[
qmh:qmh:eh. yef cof; P;ulef:bgef:
qof;cl:eh. apj:yef tD;Oif P;qldof:wsy:
qof;cl:eh. apj:yef xrf: P;qldof:wsy:
xGufcGg&mjyyk'f&Sd 0gusykHpH
jrefrm
uwÅm;yk'f xGufcGg&mjyyk'f
vkd&mjznfhyk'f Bud,myk'f
emrf+0dbwf emrf+0dbwf
oifonf rlq,frS vmoavm
uRefawmfonf arNrdKUrS vmyg\
erfhcrf;ref;um;onf erfhcrf;rS rEÅav;okdY armif;eifae\
armifarmifonf ausmif;u qif;NyD;tdrfokdY jyef\
rkqkd;onf awmrS orifudkxrf;NyD; vmae\
erfhcrf;+rlq,f
rlp,frS erfhcrf;xd(19)rkdif a0;\
um;vrf;onf
wlef;uGmrf:tefyj: acj;xgeftguf,
zhm,wh:
acj;uwf.wj: acj;xgeftguf,
acj;udIdbj, acj;vlof,OfG,
emrf,+odzwf. odzwf.+emrf,
rfG:eh. vkuf.wD;+rlaq< rj:atj;
uofcj;eh. vkuf.ar,rAof. rj:atj;
uj:erf.crf:ref:eh. vkuf.wD;erf.crf: apj;vlifbl, ql:rmef:wav:bof;
qmh:qmh:eh. vkuf.wD;Nif:pAef: yguf;rj: wD;Ndef:bof;
rl:Oldof:eh. vkuf.wD;xldef, rSuf, uGmifrj:bl,
OAef;wmif:uj:rl,aq< vkuf.rl,aq<
uh 19 vuf:bof;/
wif:erf.crf:eh. awj,erf.crf:
ykdifqkdifjcif;jyyk'f - acj;uyf:cgifqof;
ol\ykdufqH/ ol\om;/ armifarmif\orD;/
idkef:cgifref:/ vkuf;qmh:cgifref:/ vkuf;Omofcgifqmh:qmh:/
uRefawmf\tdrf/ rvS\pmtkyf/ azaz\um;/
Ndef:cgifuofcj;/ yyf.cgifbdif:vj./ uj:cgiftl;/
1. uRefawmf\um;onf tjyma&mifjzpfygonf/
2. ol\jrif;onf jrif;jzL jzpfygonf/
3. olr\aMumifonf tcef;xJrSm &Sdonf/
4. ol\ pmtkyfonf aowåmxJrSm &Sdonf/
5. tar\ ykdufqHonf pmyGJay:rSm xm;onf/
6. uRefawmf\ tusÐukd eH&HrSm csdwfxm;yg/
1. uj:cgifuofcj;eh. yAefODOgrf,atj;/
2. rj.cgifref:eh. yAefrj.zlduf,atj;/
3. rSof:cgifref:emif:eh. rD:bl, e[:Mif;atj;/
4. yyf.vduf;cgifref:eh. rD: e[:wlduf;atj;/
5. idkef:cgifsr;uofcj;eh. oh. wD;eldofzldefatj;/
6. Oldof;uofcj;eef. tofcSef(Mh;)oh. wD;zjvl:/
wD;wgif: = ayj:vyf.ySwf; odzwf.(cgif)ehh. pmheh yAefrj:

uGmrf:wh: tefqfG.wj,aO,eef.bof;/
ae&mjyyk'f&Sd0gusykHpH
jrefrm
uwÅm;yk'f ae&mjyyk'f
vkd&mjznfhyk'f Bud,m
emrf+0dbwf emrf+ 0dbwf
q&mawmfonf aZw0efausmif;ü aeonf
olonf txufwef;ausmif;rSm pmoifaeonf
ig;wkdYonf a&0,f aysmfjrL;Mu\
a&S;wkef;u jzpfcJhbl;\
eE´0efausmif;wGif oHCm54yg; &Sd\
nDvmcHonf jrdKUawmfcef;rwGif usif;y\
wlef;uGmrf:tefyK:acK;se tgif;xifOof:
zhm,wh:
acK;uwf;wK: acK;tgif;xifOof:
acK;udIdbK,
qof;cl:eh. bl, wD;+owf.aQwoefbof;
ref:eh. Ogefvduf;bl, wD;Nif:pAef:qef.Okifbof;
yjcofeh. tgefrlef;bl, uK;wD;+erf.bof;
bmrf;yAefrK: qArfrldof;+ymefugef,bof;
ymifukrfvlifeh. sw,wif; wD;apKoAif:bof;/
taMumif;jyyk'f&Sd 0gusykHpH
jrefrm
uwÅm;yk'f taMumif;jyyk'f
vkd&mjznfhyk'f Bud,myk'f
emrf+0dbwf emrf+0dbwf
armifarmifonf aeraumif;aomaMumifh ausmif; rwufEkdifyg
rvSonf ajcaxmufemojzihf aps;okdY roGm;Ekdifyg
olwkdYonf um;ysufonfhtwGuf c&D; rqufEdkifcJhyg
olwkdYonf armifarmifaMumifh tvkyfukd vkyfrjzpfyg
uRefawmfwkdYonf rkd;&Gmaeí tvkyfcGifokdY roGm;Ekdifyg
vlwdkYonf "m;jrwkdYaMumifh rcsrf;om&
wlef;uGmrf:tefyj: acj;sevgif;
zhm,wh:
acj;uwf.wj: acj;sevgif;
acj;udIdbj, acj;vlof,OGf,
qmh:qmh:eh. ugyf;trf,bl,vDsv; trf,ckdef; Nif:pAef:vh;
bdif:vj.eh. ugyf;yldof;wdefqAyf:sv; trf,uGj,vh; wD;umwf,
qldof:cofeh. yldof;uj:vSofsv; trf,Okdyf, cmof:wmif:vh;
ugyf;qmh:qmh:sv; trf,uGj,vh; oAif:vldof,
qldof:pof:cj;eh. bgef.yldof;zlefsv; trf,yAef pAwf:umef
bgef.ulef:qlefsv; trf,vh; uwf:bAef
zkduf:vSef,wgef;Ogif
(u) wD;vguf:yof,zmh,w[;qldof:eh. O[,yefrj: emrf,odzwf.
aOteftef tefref:vlof,eef.vl:
1. qmh:qmh: -------- -------- Ndef: yguf;rj:/
2. ------- eh. Okdof.clof: --------- umwf,bl,/
3. tl;eh. ----- uj:vSof --------- trf,Mwf;xkdifrj:vh;/
4. sr;------ ref:eh. ugyf;pSif:at,sv; vh;blwf:bjoh.bl,/
5. vkuf;pAef:cof------ tgefOe g fvduf;bl, ------Nif:pAef:/
6. awaw:pAef:umef ---------- cmof:v[/
7. Mif;bj ------- zknf, rldof; ---------- /
8. qmh:qmh:----- tof----- wSrf;vduf;aO Olif,yef -----
tl;ref:bof;/
9. yefidkef: P; ---------- vl:/
10. uofcj; bl, ------- ar,rBLof.aO pAwf:ej;umef ymh:rmuf;
rD:bl,bof;/
(c) wD;vguf:yof, yj;w[;qldof:eef. O[,yefrj: odzwf.

acj;zmwf,quGj, tefxkuf,vSyf;eef.rj:vl:/
1. sr;yj;eh. ------ Ndef: rj:bof;/
2. vkuf;tgef,eh. vAif.yefwmif:udef ------ uh,cofbof;/
3. ayj; ----- uofcj;eh. pAwf:umefbl, ----- Nif:bjatj;/
4. Ndof:vgif;eh. ----- wgif.ref:ygif,oh. ----- trf,zmh:vh;/
5. yD;emif:----- uofcj;eh. -----yldef;vuf.clof:ref: -----
ph;oh.bl,/
6. qof;Ipmef:eh. apj:xrf: ------- wuj,qmh:bdif:cofbl,/
7. sr;----- ref:eh. -----ar,rBLof. ----uj:rj:wD;rl,aq</

8. r[: -------- v[rj:/
9. ------umifpmofvldefvmofcofeh. yAeftefukrf,zgrf.vDoh.bl,/
10. yjcof ------ tgefrlef;Oldof:oh.bl, ------ erf.zgif:O[
bl,bof;/
(i) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;qldof:eh. O[,yefrj:acj;pyf. acj;

xgeftguf,quGj, tefxkuf,vSyf;uefeef.vl:/
1. arjOgefeh. yefOl: -------- /

2. ---------- awj,rl,aq< uh Odyf:uof;vuf:bof;/
3. yD;emif:ref:eh. ----- uGj,wD;bef,ukif, ----- bof;/
4. yD;egif.cgifuofcj;eh. bl, ----------- /
5. yD;tmh;eh. ------- ckdef;Nif:bjoh.bl,/
6. -------------- erf.xlrf;oh.bl,/
7. yjcofeh. trf,bl,vh; -------------- /
8. uh,sr;eh. tofyduf,ref:Nrf,aO tkef,yef -------- /
9. atzl;bdif:eh. -------- yguf;rj:aO wlrf;cof; -------
bl,--------- /
10. uofcj;eh. vl,wmef:cof;Ogrf: -------------- /
(q) wD;acj;yj;w[; e[:wlef;uGmrf:qldof:eef. sr:cyf.yef

P;ayj:rSef;wD;ref:vl:/
1. vkuf.wD;ref:wav: rj: qgrf:uj: egif.qmh:uofcj;eh./

2. yefP;bof. wmif:udef P;ulef:zmefcof Oax:tej,
xydef,eh./
3. sr;ref:eh. wD;Ndef: pAwf:umefbl,/
4. ugyf;il:wgwf,sv; ref:eh. wD;Nif:bj vh;ckdef;bof;/

5. vh;vl.bof. ugyf;wmif:zdwf: qmh:qmh:sv; ej;umef/
6. trf,rj:vh; ref:eh. ugyf;uj:vSofsv;/
7. wD;Ndef: yguf;rj:bof; sr;uofcj;eh. vkuf.wD;Mif;umef/
8. tguf,rj:bof; vkuf.wD;ej;wmif:tguf, ckefoef:eh./
9. uRif:eef,woef,eh. uj;wD;rl,aq< rD:/
10. ulef:oAif:cofeh. cof;Ogrf:Omefwif:Ogrf:Okuf: tgefvl,
wmef:P;qof;Oif,cj,cofqof;/
(O) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:zmh,w[;eh. qwf:rSif,se acj;

ref: rj:vl:/
1. wD;yyf.vduf;qldof:eh. cyf.oh. wD;e[: yD,wlof,tldof;/

2. tofrmef,aO cyf.oh. wD;yvmif,Tzj:yAefqof; P;ayj:
pmif<vDbof;/
3. qof;ugef:qldif:eh. bkuf.bgif;yef qkdof;pwf:pmef
P;qmh:qmh:bof;/
4. qof;wlefcl:eh. Oif,Ogef wD;qldof:way:bof.aO
vkuf.wD;eif; vkuf.uGj,bof;/
5. bdif:Olrf;zmwf,eh. ugyf;pmif<qj. Orf.q[pmh.sv;
tgefMif.oj; bdif:Olrf;zmwf,ehbof;/
6. ugyf;zlefvDsv; cof;auj; tguf,erfwldof:bof;/
7. oAif:rl,aq<eh. ugyf;wmif:uj.vDsv; ulef:ukdef:oh.bl,/
8. qgif:Ogefvduf; eef,woef,eh. wif;rldof;yDOj,Oej,
2535 vldefySwf, yxr pj;oef:bof;/
9. sr;uofcj;eh. ugyf;uofcj; cwf:q[vduf;sv; puf.uofcj;sw./
10. tefqgh;xSrf P;yldef;eh. yAefwmif:bmrf;vDbof;/
avhusifhcPf;rsm; tykdif;(2)
(u) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif vkdtyfaom emrfyk'f 0dbwf
wpfckck xnfhay;yg/
1. armifarmif------ tdrf----- jyefvm\/
2. -----onf aps;------ aps;0,fae\/
3. taz----- um;ysuf----- tdrf----- ra&mufEkdifyg/
4. ol----- taronf tm;enf;ojzifh ------rSm aq;uko&\/
5. ausmif;om;wkdYonf pmoifausmif;---- pm---- oifaeMu\/
6. b,ftcsdef------- -------ukd pvkyfrvJ/
7. aq;cef;onf ---------rSm zGifh\/
8. armifarmif----- -----jzifh ------ukd a&;í ol------- taz
xHokdY ykdY\/
9. ----------- tm; ykdufqH ay;yg/
10. uRefawmf------- arNrdKU-------- aeNyD; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ukd
vkyfae\/
(c) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif oifhavsmfaom vufcHjy

0dbwf xGufcGg&mjy0dbwf ponfjzifh xnfhay;yg/
1. ta':onf tdrf ----------- vm\/
2. oli,fonf MuufwkdY ------------ tpmauR;ae\/
3. uRefawmf ------ tazonf aq½kH ----- tvkyfvkyfae\/
4. avSonf 0rf;ykdufayguf ------ avSmfí r&yg/
5. uRefawmf ------ r&D;onf ypönf;tckd;cH ------ idkae\/
6. &[ef;awmfonf 'g,um 'g,dumrwkdY -------- w&m;a[m
ae\/
7. ol ----- taronf arNrdKU ----- rlp,fNrdKUokdY um; ------

vm\/
8. toif b,f ---------- vmoenf;/
9. rkd;aumif;uif -------- Mu,fwm&mawGu pkHvifvSayonf/
10. Munfvifaomjrpfa& ----- ig;awG ----- aysmfjrL;ae Muonf/
(*) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif oifhawmfonfh vufcHjyyk'f

xGufcGg&mjyyk'f ponfjzifh xnhfay;yg/
1. q&monf -------- qkcsD;jr§ifhonf/
2. ----------- rlq,ftxd (19)rkdif a0;\/
3. ol\tronf ------ &efukefokdY ------- oGm;\/
4. uRefawmf\ aqGrsdK;onf ------------ ae\/
5. tpfukdonf ---------------- aq;½kH wufae\/
6. -------------- a&vGrf;rkd;ae\/
7. ig;wkdYonf --------- aevkdYr&yg/
8. Muufronf ------ tawmifjzifh vTrf;jcHKí aEG;axG;ay;\/
9. oli,fronf ------- jyefvmí ------- xrif;csufae\/
10. uRefawmfonf ------------ qGrf;udk avmif;vSL\/
☺wynfh? erfhcrf;? rEÅav;? tar&duef? aeraumif;? rkd;?

Muufi,f? Munf;ukef;? &[ef;? ausmif;? tdrf/
(C) atmufyg 0gus&Sdyk'frsm;ukd ae&mrSefatmifpDyg/

1. rEÅav;rS vm\ um;jzifh uRefawmf\ nDonf/
2. ay;urf;\ pm;aomufz,G fwkdYukd qif;&Jolqif;&Jom;rsm;tm;
olaX;temxydPfonf/
3. ol\rdef;ronf tvkyf vkyfae\ tdrfrSm/
4. a>rukdufojzifh olonf wuf&onf aq;½kHokdY/

5. armifarmif\ trSm;aMumifh ysuf&onf vkyfief;/
6. rvmEkdifyg olonf um;ysufaomaMumifh/
7. tdrfokdY jyefvm\ uRefawmhftaronf/
8. xGufvm\ ta&S. t&yfrS aerif;onf/
9. eE´0efausmif;onf &Sdonf rlp,fNrdKUrSm/
10. NrdKUe,fvlxkonf avmif;vSLMu\ qGrf;qefpdrf;ESifhqGrf;udk
oHCmawmfrsm;tm;/
(i) atmufyg0guswkdYukd yk'frsm;jzifh cGJjcm;jyyg/

1. pmtkyfwkdYukd bD'kdxJrSm pDxm;\/
2. rSefrsm;jzifh bk&m;yvifrSm vSyatmif pDxm;\/
3. AkdvfcsKyfonf armifarmiftm; ol&JbGJUukd csD;jr§ifhay;\/
4. q&mawmfonf wynfhwkdYukd qkdqkH;rNyD; ae&mrS xawmfrl\/
5. rpdrf;onf t½kyfqkd;í pdwfxm;vJ qkd;aomaMumifh rpdrf;[k
ac:Muonf/
6. rdk;aumif;ojzifh pyg;rsm;onfvnf; txGufwkd;\/
7. rlp,fNrdKUonf ta&mif;t0,faumif;ojzifh vlrsm;pnfum;\/
8. eE´0efpmoifausmif;onf omoemouú&mZf 2535-ckESpf
yxr0gqkdvqef; ig;&ufaeYrSm pwifwnfaxmif\/
9. uRefawmf\taronf uRefawmfpmBudK;pm;onfhtwGuf
uRefawmfukd odyfcspfonf/
10. olrsm;tm; ulnDjcif;onf aumif;aomtavh jzpfonf/
¥¥¥
odzwf. wgef;Omrf
1/ ESifh? ESifhtwl? ESihftnD? ESifhtrQ? ,SOfwGJjy0dbwf[krSwf/
2/ wGif? teuf? txJrS? txJrSm þav;jzm? rSwfygxkwf
aqmif&m jy0dbwf/
3/ iSg ? tvdkYiSg ? zkdY ? tzkdY ? twGuf rSwfvsuf &nfpl;csuf
0dbwfyg/
4/ wkdifwkdif? wkdifatmif? ywfvkH;? vkH;vkH;? okH;yae&mquf
wkdufjyyk'fESifh tcsdefqufwdkufjyyk'frSm/
1. sv;? wif:? sv;wif:? Nrfvlnf;? Nrf;yj:? qArf?

qArfwif: Mif.odzwf. cmif:Nrf;ukduf:uef/
2. e[:? e[:uj;? Mif.odzwf. tefvlduf;xgeftguf,/
3. eif,pkdof? wj,? ykef;wj, serguf,uGj, odzwf.ykef;cgif
qof;/
4. awj,? awj,xkdif? wif: cof;yAef odzwf.secmof:wmif:
Nrf;rldof;/
acj;wD;ygif,
1. acj;seNrf;ukduf:uef - acj;seNrf;ukduf: tefoj;eh.
ref:wmh:tof acj;emrf,wmif,tef rj:Nrf;pSif:uefbof;/
wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;Nrf;ukduf:uefeef.]]sv;? wif:?
sv;wif:}} odzwf.Omrftefeh. qSif;seyefbof;/
(acj;seNrf;ukduf:uef - ,SOfwGJjyyk'f- o[m'da,m*yk'f)
2. acj;sewD;vlduf;xgeftguf, - acj;se wD;vdluf;xgef

tguf, tefoj;eh. ref:sewD;tgif; wj,awvlduf;xgef
tefcSrf.sv; tefnmrf. ac.wSuf;uefbof;/ wj,awP;
N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;se wD;vlduf;xgeftguf,eef. ]]e[:?

e[:uj;}} odzwf.Ogiftefeh. qSif;sebof;/
(acj;wD;vdluf;xgeftguf, - xkwfaqmif&mjyyk'f- ed'¨g&P)
3. acj;seykef;cgifqof; - acj;seykef;cgifqof; tefoj;

eh. ref:seoj; ]]clof:ykef;wj,cgifauj.eef.? cgifauj.
eh.}} ehbof;/ wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;seykef;
cgifqof; eef. ]]wj,? ykef;wj,}} odzwf.Ogiftefeh.
qSif;sebof;/
(acj;seykef;cgifqof;-&nfpl;csufjyyk'f-o'wåorÜ'gyk'f)
4. acj;secmof: - cmof:tefoj;eh. rD:cmof:bmrf:uj,v cmof:

wmif:? wmif:uh eh rD:Ogifbldif;bof;/ wj,P;N.qSif;oj;
ref:yAefacj;secmof:wmif:wif:Ogifeef. ]]wif:? awj,?
awj,xkdif}} odzwf.Omrftefeh. qSif;sebof;/
(acj;secmof:- ae&mqufwkdufjyyk'fESifh tcsdefqufwkduf
jyyk'f - tpöEÅoHa,m*]
1. wlofseouf.uB acj;seNrf;ukduf:uef
vmh:oh.zmh,wh: jrefrmvkd emrf0dbwfwGJykH
odzwf. + emrf, emrf + 0dbwf
qmh:qmh: wif:+bdif:O[ armifarmif+ESifhrMunfarwkdY
qmh:qmh: qArfwif:+bdif:O[ armifarmifonf rMunfar+ESifh
ujvrf sv;+uGmif usD;uef;onf+a&TorifESifh/
1. qmh:qmh:wif:bdif:O[ tgefuGj,wD;umwf,/
armifarmifESifh rMunfarwkdYonf aps;okdY oGm;Mu\/
2. qmh:qmh: uGj,wD;umwf, wif:bdif:O[/

armifarmifonf rMunfarESifh aps;okdY oGm;\/
3. qmh:qmh: uGj,wD;umwf, vlnf;wif:bdif:O[/

armifarmifonf rMunfarESifhtwl aps;okdY oGm;\/
4. ujvrfwif:uGmifcrf:eh. yAefwh:auj.uefbof;/
usD;uef;ESifh a&Torifonf rdwfaqGjzpfMu\/
5. ulef:qmh:cofsv;zl;bdif:cof tgefpAwf:umefbof;/
a,mufsm;wkdYESifh rdef;rwkdYonf tvkyfukd vkyfMu\/
a,mufs;wkdYonf rdef;rwkEdY Sifh tvkyfukd vkyfMu\/
2. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;sewD;vdluf;xgeftguf,
xkwfaqmif&mjy0gusykHpH
vmh:oh.zmh,wh: jrefrmvkdxm;ykH
odzwf. + emrf,oqef:erf A[k0peemrf + 0dbwf
e[:uj; + ulef:zDOmifcof ewfvlwkdY + wGif/
e[:uj; + wlofOwf:wif:vmh wd&dpämefrsm; + xJwGif/
1. e[:uj; ulef: zD Omifcof Tzj:yAefqof;eh. rSwf;Okif
Okwf:yldef;bof;/
ewfvlwdkYwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tjrifhjrwfqkH; jzpf\/
2. e[:wlofOwf:wif:vmh Omif,OD;eh. pwf:pmefwgef:yle d f;bof;/

wd&dpämefrsm;xJwGif jcaoFhonf t&J&ifhqkH; jzpf\/
3. e[:uj;bdif:cof vlduf;wmif,bdif:rlofcrf: yAefNofyof;bof;/

rdef;rrsm;xJrS ra&TMumukd Ouú|tjzpf wifajr§mufonf/
4. e[:rmef;cj;pof:cofeh. bdif:tgef,eh. pmif;vDwgef:yle
d f;bof;/
uREkfyfwkdY&Gm txJrSm rav;onf tvSyqkH;jzpf\/
5. e[:uj;ugif:rl:e[:rldif:rmef;eh. ugif:rl:Olnf,wdukif,eh. cSrf.
wgef:yldef;bof;/
jrefrmjynf&Sd apwDwdYkwGif a&Twd*kHapwDonf cefYnm;qkH;jzpf\/
3. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;seykef;cgifqof;
&nfpl;csufjy 0gusykHpH
vmh:oh.zmh,wh: jrefrmvkdyk'ftaetxm;
ykef;wj, + uofcj; uRefawmf + twGuf
wj, + edyf.ymef, edAÁmef + tusdK;
ykef;wj,+edyf.ymef, edAÁmef + tvkdYiSg
1. ikdef: ykef;wj,uofcj; yAeftefv[/
uRefawmf twGuf ykdufqHonf b,f[mvJ/
2. tofcof;oh. ykef;wj,ref:sv;/
olYtwGuf xrif;ukd csefxm;yg/
3. qldof:pof:pAwf:ukOlvf,wmif:vD ykef;wj,edyf.ymef,bof;/
uREfkyfwkdYonf edAÁmeftvkdYiSg aumif;rIukokdvfukd vkyfMu\/
4. ref:eh. cwf:q[pAwf:umefbl, wj,ej;Ndef:ckdef;b[,bof;/
olonf tdrfaxmifa&; wkd;wufa&;twGuf tvkyfukd BudK;pm;
yrf;pm; vkyfaeonf/
5. bdif:egh.eh. cwf:q[vduf;vmh:bl, wj,vh;cl:bof;/

rav;EG,fonf bGJU&&Sd&eftwGuf pm;ukd BudK;pm;ae\/
6. tgefcwf:q[ ykef;wj,rmef;rldif:sv;/
wkdif;jynftwGuf BudK;pm;Muavmh/
4. wlofsewlef;uGmrf: acj;secmof:
tcsdefae&m qufwkdufjyyk'f 0gusaqmuf&efyk'f
vmh:oh.zmh,wh: jrefrmvkdyk'ftaetxm;
awj,xkdif+bef,ukif, &efukef + txd
awK,xkdif + Nuf:vuf: ajcmufrdkif + wkdifatmif
awj, + rl,aq< rlp,f + txd
wif: + OmrfyD okH;ESpf + vkH;vkH;
wif: + yD wpfESpf + ywfvkH;
awj,xkdif + Odyf:Ogifrlif: 12-em&D + txd
awj,xkdif + Nuf:yD ajcmufESpf + wkdifwkdif
1. qkrf:pof:cj;eh. qgrf:Ilwf.'h:aO Okdyf,cmof:wmif:uGj, awj,

xkdif wj;ukif;atj;/
uRefawmfwkdYtzGJUonf rD;&xm;jzifh &efukeftxd c&D;qufcJh\/
2. ygh:yhac.uefeh. awvh;yh awj,xkdif Nuf:vuf:atj;/
vrf;avQmufyGJonf ajcmufrkdifwkdifatmif avQmuf&rnfjzpfonf/
3. uj:uofcj;eh. awvh;apj; awj,xkdif rl,aq<atj;/
uRefawmfum;onf rlp,ftxdatmif armif;ESif&rnf/
4. Tzj:yAefqof;eh. pAwf:Omif;wkuf.uIqIdbj, rj:wif:Nuf:yDatj;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ajcmufESpfwkdifwkdif 'kuú&p&d,m usifhcJh\/
5. zD ulef:cofeh. olef.tmif;rj: wif: 12 yDauj; trf,N.vh;

rif,uvj,Twj:/
ewfvlwkdYonf r*Fvmw&m;awmfukd 12 wkdifwkdif(ywfvkH;) BuHMu
aomfvnf; rodEdkifMuacs/
zkduf:vSef, wgef;Omrf
(u) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;emrf,-odzwf.
aOteftef tefref:xkuf,vSyf;eef.vl:/
1. --- wif:uofcj; tgefuGj, ---- umwf,/
2. bdif:tgef,cofeh. vkdyf;vrf:ueftAef;bl, ----tgef,qmh:cof
----- umifymif,/
3. e[:uj; --------- qof;Omif,oef,edweh. cwf:q[vduf;aO
yldef;bof;/
4. qof;ph<qof;ej;cof --- eif,pkdofcof;ayj:awtguf,wldof:wgef:
--- rmef;rldif:eef. tgefOgrf;cof;bl,qgrf:ySif;rmhvDvDbof;/
5. e[:uj; ----- rj. ----- vSef;z[:wgef:yldef;bof;/
6. bdif:vj. ----- cwf:q[zj,oej,xrf:bl,wj, ----- /
7. qof;Omif,OD,peh. bl,rj: --- bef,ukif, xlef;xkdif ---/
8. uofcj;eh. awvh;uGj, awj,xkdif ------ /
9. ref: ----- pAwf:umefbl, ----- Ndef:wif: ----- /
10. vkuf.wD; ----- ----- vj;OAof;uh (123) vuf:bof;/
11. ayj;uofcj;eh. eif;umefbl, ----owf. ---- oef:bof;/
12. sr;eh. vl,wmef:cof;Ogrf: ------- Tzj:yAefqof;bof.aO
------- owf. yguf;rj:wD; ------- /
13. ulef:cmhumwf,eh. ------ avj.xgif:wmif,clof:vAif:aO bif:
wkduf.uGj, ------ umwf,bl,/
(c) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: odzwf.seNrf;ukduf:

uef quGj, tefref:Omif,xkuf,eef.vl:/
1. ----- Owf:wif:vmh Omif,OD;eh. pwf:pmefaOyldef;bof;/
2. ujvrfeh. pAwf:auj.uef ------ eluf.tAif;bof;/
3. qmh:qmh:eh. zgef.vduf;bl, ----- umifcrf; 10-rlif:bof;/
4. ------ vkuf;pAef:bdif:e[:qef.ySwf,cof bdif:egh.eh. pmif;
vDwgef:yldef;bof;/
5. uofcj;eh. pkifcof; ------ sr;uofcj;/
6. Tzj:yAefqof;eh. pAwf:Omif;wkuf.uIqIdbj,rj: -----Nuf:yD/
7. ------ qof;Omif,cof e[:owf.eef,woef, qof;Omif,
au,vj,O apj:xrf:cSrf.wldof:yldef;bof;/
8. bdif:ehg.eh. uGj,wD;umwf, ------ qmh:crf:/
9. cof;pAwf:Omif,Ipmef: ------ edyf.ymef,bof;/
10. ------ rl,aq< ------ erf.crf:uh 19 vuf:bof;/
(i) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;tefref:

xkuf,vSyf;eef.vl:/
1. uofcj;eh. cwf:q[pAwf:ph<ej:bl, ------------ /
2. Omif,OD;eh. umyf;tofeldof.olof:rj: ------ aO ckdef:yguf;
rj: wD;tgif;uof,ref:bof;/
3. tofcof;rj: ------ vl:/
4. uofcj;eh. cD,uj:uGj, ------ /
5. pof:tgefpAwf:umef ------- /
6. ------ ugif:rl:Olnf,wdukif,eh. cSrf.wgef:yldef;bof;/
7. ------ qmif.eh. wlofb[,aOyldef;bof;/
8. uofcj;eh. bl,rj: wD;bef,ukif, ------ /
9. ymif,wmh:eh. tguf,pjwmif:udef ------- /
10. uofcj;eh. awy[.r[:wD;eh. ------- /
(q) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qwf:rSif,serj: acj;

ref:vl:?
1. rj.wif:sy. eluf.uAof,wif:eluf.qguf,/
2. bdif:OSifekrf,eh. vh;wkuf.ccmefq[rj: uj;wD;vj;OAof;
awj,xkdifOdyf:pj;oef:bof./
3. eF:uj;uj:wif:OAif;eh. uj:uofcj;eh. pmif;vDaOyldef;bof;/
4. ykef;wj,awrmuf;rD:eef. tgefuefcwf:q[pAwf: umefsv;/
5. tgefcof; wD;e[:Okduf: ykef;wj,rmef;rldif:sv;/
6. e[:uj;bdif:Omofe[:rmef;pof:eh. uofcj; puf.
bdif:egh. wgef:yldef;bof;/
7. qmh:qmh:eh. wlnf:vduf;bl, wD;Ndef: wif:bdif:egh./
8. tofrj: wmif:udef ykef;wj,uofcj;vl:/
9. sr;eh. vh;egef:oh.vlifbl, wD;zj; wif:Odyf:pj;oef:
wD;yldef;bof;/
10. vkuf.wD;aq<vmef. awj,xkdiferf.crf: ayj:yhuGj, pkdifOD,
rlif:bof;/
11. sr;uofcj;eh. bkrf,brf Tzj:Twj:Oif,cj,sw.sw./
vgif:cof;Ogrf: P;qof;Oif,cj,cof ul;oef:bof;/
vkuf.wD;Ndef: uGj, wD;qgif:(owf.) ekdif;oef:ekdif;yguf;bof;/
rSif,yefykef;wmif:vD P;ulef:sv; Owf.woj,cofbof;/
avhusifhcPf;tykdif; (3)
(u) atmufyguGufvyfrsm;wGif vkdtyfaom emrfyk'f
0dbwf wckckukdxnfhay;yg/
1/ ----- ESifh uRefawmfonf aps; ----- oGm;Mu\/
2/ rdef;uav;rsm;onf a,mufsm;uav;rsm; -------- vGifjyifajy;
wrf; upm;aeMu\/
3/ ------ wGif &Sif0PÖdwonf pmtBudK;pm;qkH; jzpf\/
4/ wd&dpämefrsm; ------ jrif;onf tajy;jrefqH;k jzpf\/
5/ awmifolv,form;wkdY ------- wkdif;jynf ------- pyg;txGuf
wkd;jcif;iSg pyg; ------- pepfwus pkdufysdK;Mu\/
6/ r,fvS ------ ------ tusKd;iSg w&m; tm;xkwf\/
7/ ukd&ifoD[onf &efukef ------ ------ wkdifwkdif aexkdifcJh\/
8/ uRefawmfu ------- txd oGm;&rnf/
9/ olonf ------- vkH;tdrf ------- tvkyf vkyfae\/
10/ rlp,f ------- vm;½Id; ------- 123-rkdif a0;\/
11/ tazonf ausmif;awmf ------ waeY ------ w&m;xkdif\/
12/ taronf jrwfpGmbk&m; ------ qGrf;awmf ------ uyfvSLNyD;
bk&m;ausmif; ------ ------ okdY jyef\/
13/ aps;onfonf vufwGef;vSnf; ------ ------ukd wifaqmifNyD;
aps; ------- oGm;ae\/
(c) atmufyguGufvyfwdkYwGif oifhavsmfaom ,SOfwGJjy

0dbwfponfjzifh xnfhay;yg/
1/ wd&dpämefrsm; ------ jcaoFhonf t&J&ifhqkH; jzpf\/
2/ usD;uef;onf omvdum ------- rdwfaqGzGJU\/
3/ armifarmifonf n 10-em&D ------- pmusufae\/
4/ &Spfwef;ausmif;olrsm; ------- rdi,fonf tvSqkH; jzpf\/
5/ uRefawmfonf tar ------ xrif; csufae\/
6/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ajcmufESpf ------- 'kuú&p&d,m usifhcJh\/
7/ eE´0efausmif;&Sd ukd&ifrsm; ------ &Sifauvmoonf w&m;a[m
&mrSm tawmfqkH;jzpfonf/
8/ rdi,fonf armifa&T ------- aps;odkY oGm;\/
9/ edAÁmeftusdK; ------- &[ef;abmifokdY 0if\/
10/ rlp,f ------- erfhcrf; ------ 19 rkdif a0;\/
(*) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif oifhavsmfaom yk'fjzifh
jznfhyg/
1/ uRefawmfonf ------- v,f,mtvkyfukd BudK;pm;vkyfae\/
2/ jcaoFhonf -------- EGm;om;ukcd sDí rdrdae&mokdYjyefvm\/
3/ -------- xrif;ukd ,lcJhyg/
4/ uRefawmfonf -------- erfhcrf;xd um;jzifh oGm;cJh\/
5/ --------- uREfkyfwkdY tvkyf vkyfMuygpkdY/
6/ --------- a&Twd*kHapwDonf tcefYnm;qkH; jzpf\/
7/ -------- qifonf tBuD;qkH; jzpf\/
8/ uRefawmfonf &efukefrSm -------- aecJh\/
9/ ,kefonf -------- tpm&SmxGuf\/
10/ uRefawmfonf cifAsm;ukd 'Dae&mrSm -------- apmifhaernf/
(C) atmufyg0guswkdYukd yk'frsm;jzifh cGJjcm;jyyg/

1/ jrif;ESifhqdwf Z&ufESifhpmuav;/
2/ rjronf vm;½Id;rSm 15-&ufwkdifwkdif 'ku©a&mufcJh&&Sm\/
3/ um;rsm;wGif uRefawmfum;onf tvSqkH;jzpf\/
4/ csrf;omzkdYtwGuf tvkyfukd BudK;pm;vkyfMuyg/
5/ wkdif;jynftwGuf ppfxJokdY 0ifMuyg/
6/ uREfkyfwkdY&GmxJrS rdef;uav;wkdYwGif rdi,fukd uRefawmf
tcspfqkH;jzpf\/
7/ armifarmifonf rdi,fESifh tdrfrSm pmusufae\/
8/ uRefawmftwGuf pm;p&mukd ,lay;yg/
9/ taronf 15-&ufvkH;vkH; tdyf&mxJrSm vSJae&&Sm\/
10/ p,fvefYrS erfhcrf;wkdifatmif ajcjzifh oGm;vQif 4-em&D Mum\/
11/ taronf bk&m;w&m;oHCmwkdYukd tvGefMunfndKav;pm;\/
oHCmawmfrsm;tm; aeYwkdif;qGrf;ukd avmif;vSL\/
tdrfrS ausmif;okdY wpfaeYwpfcg oGm;\/
vlwkdYESifhowå0grsm;tm; ukokdvftzkdYukd ay;a0\/
(i) atmufyg &Srf;ESifhjrefrm 0dbwfrsm;ukd tjyeftvSef
aus>yefatmif avhusifhyg/
zkduf:vSefrj: odzwf. zhm,wh: - zhm,rmef; P;ayj:vlif.vDvl:/
zmh,wh: jrefrm zmh,wh: jrefrm

P; = ---- ---- = twGuf
--- = ü wif: = ----
vkuf.wD; = --- --- = tm;avsmfpGm
--- = jzifh e[:uj; = ----
eh. = --- --- = aMumifh
--- = \ wD;pif: = ---
wD; = --- --- = rSm
---- = tm; Ol,wD; = ---
sv; = --- --- = ESifhtwl
--- = iSg bgef.yldof; = ----
e[:uj; = --- ---- = tzkdY
---- = 0,f awj,xkdif = ---
cgif = --- ---- = udk
--- = okdY tof = ---
uj;wD; = --- --- = wGif
---- = jzifh e[: = ---
xkdifwD; = --- --- = vkH;vkH;
---- = rS ugyf; = ---
--- = wkdifwkdif
wgef;odzwf. Okwf:eh.bof;/
3. wgef;ejrodaOOe
emr0daooe
acj;tefpmif;cldif;yefemrf,eh. Mif.oj; ejrodaOOe
bof;/ emrfukdtxl;jyKaomyk'fonf emr0daooe[kac:onf/
jy,k*f = wlofse
txl;jyKyk'f + emrfyk'f emrf, + acj;pmif;cldif;
aom + emrf emrf, + tef
vSyaom + rdef;uav; bdif: + tefpmif;vD
eDaom + yef; rguf, + tefvSif
ysHaeaom + iSuf eluf. + tefrdefbl,
ajcusdK;aom + vl ulef: + tefcjpmuf:
ysif;&daom + rdef;uav; bdif:tgef,+tefcmef.
oabmaumif;aom+vlBuD; ulef:vlif+tefq[vD
0gus = wlef;uGmrf:
1. vSyaom rdef;uav;onf ra&TMumjzpfonf/
bdif:Omof tefpmif;vDeh. yAefbdif:rlofcrf:bof;/
2. eDaom þyef;onf ESif;qDyef;jzpfonf/
rguf,tefvSifeh. yAefrguf,umh:vof:bof;/
3. ysHaeaom iSufonf odef;iSufjzpfonf/
eluf.tefre d fbl,eh. yAefpkif.bAof;bof;/
4. ajcusKd;aom vlonf xrif;ukd awmif;ae\/
ulef: tefwdefpmuf:eh. bgef:udefcof;bof;/
5. ysif;&daom rdef;uav;onf pmukd rusufyg/
bdif:Omof tefcmef.eh. trf,tmef,vduf;/
4. wgef;acj;qmif;uyf:
orÁE¨
acj;qmif;uyf:tefoj;eh. ref:qmif;arjuAof,ymuf;tof acj;
ygif, cgifyw? ouf.uB? txdyf.yj,b = wlef;uGmrf: - acj;ygif,
qldof:eh.eif,uef rj:uAof,qmyf;uefsv; Mif.oj; acj;qmif;uyf:
bof;/
acj;qmif;uyf:Omrfbldif;
1. acj;qmif;uyf:yw
2. acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uB
3. acj;qmif;uyf:txdyf.yj,b
1. acj;qmif;uyf:yw
acj;tefqmif;arjuAof,tof acj;ygif,cgifyweif,uef rj:
uAof,qmyf;uefeh. Mif.oj; acj;qmif;uyf:ywbof;/ qldof:yj;w[;
eh. yAefacj;qmif;uyf:ywbof;/
zmh,wh: jrefrmvkd
1. sv;Oif 4if;? aomf4if;? vnf;aumif;
2. pkdoftrf,eef odkYr[kwf
3. ulnf:trf,q[; omr[kwf
4. vldofaO rSwyg;? uvGvJ kdY ? 'djyif
vmh:cyf.wlef;uGmrf:sv; wlofseref:
sv;Oif - acj;eh. ref:eyf.tmef,Nofauj.ref:aO bl,
zmh,vifuwf.wj:? urf<aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
1. qmh:qmh:sv;Oif emif:emif:sv;Oif tgefuGj, wD;Nif:pAef:/
armifarmifonf4if;? eef;eef;onf4if; ausmif;okdY oGm;Mu\/
2. ulef:cofeh.sv;Oif? zD Omifcofeh.sv;Oif tgefwkif:
xgrf, wD;acj;xrf: Tzj:yAefqof;bof;/
vlwkdYonf4if;? ewf jA[®mwkdYonf4if; jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmf
ukd emMum;Mu\/
3. tmh;qmh:eh. pAwf:umefsv;Oif? Ogefvduf;sv;Oif trf,
yAefvgif;/
armifarmifonf tvkyfukdvkyf&mwGif4if;? pmayoifMum;&mwGif
4if; nhHzsif;\/
pkdoftrf,eef- acj;eh. ref:vlduf;blnf:tof acj;uwf.wj:?

urf< wj,awygifumefbof;/ oh.uyf:qyf:
emrf, (uwf.wj:? urf<)wj./ q[.tgif;wD;
tefref:yh,wSwf;eSwf;/
1. qmh:qmh: pkdoftrf,eef qmh:bD< awrj:bl,/
armifarmif okdYr[kwf armif,D vmvdrfhrnf/
2. uofpkdof trf,eef r[:pkdof awvh;uGj,ql: wD;cl:Ogef uj;wD;
Nif:pAef:/
uRefawmf okdYr[kwf oifonf ausmif;uq&mxHokdY oGm;&rnf/
3. uofcj;eh. awvh;uGj,wD;vj;OAof; trf,eef oAif:vldof.bof;/
uRefawmfonf vm;½Id; okdYr[kwf rEÅav;okdY oGm;&vdrfhrnf/
4. vkif:uofcj;eh. Okdof.rj:vSifwdefvrf:ekdif; ykef;wj,qmh:qmh:

pkdoftrf,eef emif:emif:pkdof auj;trf,N./
uRefawmf\ OD;BuD;onf armifarmiftwGuf odkYr[kwf eef;eef;
twGufvm;rod pufbD;wpfpif; 0,fvmcJh\/
ulnf:trf,q[; - acj;eh. ref:ouf.wmh:tof uwf.wj:? urf<

wmif,tefbof;/
1. qmh:qmh:ulnf:trf,q[; emif:emif:auj; uGj,wD;Nif:pAef:/
armifarmifomr[kwf eef;eef;vnf; ausmif;odkY oGm;\/
2. qmh:qmh:eh. udefulnf;ulnf:trf,q[; cof;rkef:auj;udefbof;/
armifarmifonf iSufaysmoD;ukdomr[kwf rkefYukdvnf; pm;
(ao;)\/
3. qmh:qmh:eh. yefikdef:P;emif:emif: ulnf:trf,q[; wD;pif:
qmh:tgef,auj; yefbof;/
armifarmifonf eef;eef;ukdomr[kwf armifav;tm;vnf;
ykdufqHukd ay;\/
vldofaO? eguf;aO - wD;acj;qldof:eh. wD;tefpof:vlof,

uSwf,tof uSwf,ySwf;bof;/
1. vldofaOqmh:qmh: ulef:wmif,qldof:eh. yAefulef:cwf:q[ ulnf:
ulnf:bof;/
armifarmifrSwyg; tjcm;olwkdYonf BudK;pm;olrsm; jzpfMu\/
2. eguf;aO emif:crf:tgef,? qmh:wl:? qmh:qmh: vkuf;pAef:wif:

OAif; tgeftgif,vduf;bof;/
eef;crf;EG,f? armifwl;? armifarmifwkdYrSwyg; (uvGJvkdY) ausmif;
om;tm;vkH; pmar;yGJ atmifMu\/
3. eguf;aO Tzj:yAefqof; e[:uj;ulef:wif:OAif;eh. auj.tef

N.quf: xrf:Owf.qj,OD,bldif; Nofykdif:yldef;eh. yAefqof;
ugef:wnfnbof;/
jrwfpGmbk&m;rSwyg; vlrsm;xJwGif opömav;yg;ukd t&ifqkH;od
aom yk*¾dKvfonf t&Sifaum@n jzpfygonf/
2. acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uB
acj;qmif<uyf:ouf.uB tefoj;eh. ref:qmif;arjuAof,tof
acj;ygif, cgifouf.uBeif,uef rj:uAof,qmyf;uef P;yAefrj:ouf.uB
vAofuefsv; Mif.oj; acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBbof;/
wlef;uGmrf:(ouf.uB) tefyj:acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh. rD:vh;
acj;ygif, tefwArfxlef;Ogiftef OmrftefquGj,bof;/ ugyf;
eef wlef;uGmrf: yj:acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh. yAefouf.uBbmof:
bof;/
acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh. -
1. bl,Nofouf.uB rAof:ekdif;
2. bl,umifouf.uB rAof:ekdif;
3. rlrf:Nofej;ouf.uB rAof:ekdif; rD:vh;Omrfqldof.bof;/
wlofacj;qmif;uyf:oj,uB
zmh,wh: jrefrmvkd
1. aObof. í? NyD;í? NyD;awmh
2. aObof.Orf.? aObof.Orf.ckdef: NyD;íwzef? aemufNyD;wzef
3. auj;? eh.auj; vnf;? aomfvnf;
4. ayj:? ayj:oj; tu,fí? aomtcg
5. Oif? Oifoj; tu,fí
6. P;ayj: atmif? ap&ef

7. eif,pkdof tvkdYiSg? tusdK;iSg
8. wj,aw &ef
9. qlof;yh,? qlof;uj;yh, rJ ao;orQumvywfvkH;
10. rldof;yh,? rldof;bif:yh, rJ ao;cif? rJ ao;rSD
11. qlof; pOf? tawmtwGif;
12. rldof; pOf? tawmtwGif;? aomtcg
13. qgrf:eif, twkdif;? t&? tavsmuf
14. qgrf:vlnf;? qgrf:eif,? ySif;eif, twkdif;? t&? tavsmuf?
tm;avsmfpGm
15. omh:aO NyD;aemuf
16. qArfrldof; uxJu
17. qlof;uj; orQ? umvywfvkH;/
wD;wgif: - acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh. ref:bl,Nofouf.uB? umif
ouf.uB? rlrf:Nofej;ouf.uBaO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
acj;qmif;uyf: tefbl,umifouf.uB
aO? aObof.? aObof.Orf.? auj;? ehauj;? qArfrldof;
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1. emif:emif:eh. uGj,umwf,aO yguf;rj:wD;Ndef:/
eef;eef;onf aps;okdYoGm;í tdrfokdYjyefvm\/
2. emif:emif:eh. uGj,umwf,aObof. Okdof.rj:wmif:udef/
eef;eef;onf aps;okdYoGm;í(NyD;) pm;p&mukd 0,fvm\/
3. emif:emif:eh. uGj,umwf,aObof. Orf.uGj,sv, wD;Ndef:
wh:auj.ref:/
eef;eef;onf aps;okdYoGm;NyD;aemuf olYoli,fcsif;tdrfokdY oGm;
v,f\/
auj;? bl,auj;? bl,ehauj;? aOwj.auj;

acj;Orf,yef,x qldof:eldofeh. q[.tgif;wD;sO.uefaO
bof. Orf.bgif;? bgif;aObof. Orf.sO. tefrD:acj;Omef
cwf:uefbof;/
1. bdif:bdif:eh. yAefulef:zmefauj; ref:emif: yAefulef:
vDsw./
rvSonf qif;&Jaomfvnf; vlaumif;wpfa,muf jzpf\/
2. bdif:egheh. pmif;vDaOwj.auj; ugyf;ref:emif: xD,sv;

z[trf,cfG;pAwf:auj.ref:/
rav;EG,fonf vSyoljzpfaomfvnf; oluyfpD;eJaomaMumifh
b,folurS taz:rvkyfcsifyg/
3. ref:cwf:q[vduf;vmh:bl,ehauj; trf,tgif,vduf;/
olpmBudK;pm;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJratmifyg/
4. emif:crf:eh. pmif;qj.bl,auj; q[ref:emif: q[vDsw./

ra&TMumonf t½kyfqkd;aomfvnf; pdwfum;aumif;oljzpf\/
5. qmh:qmh: tmef,vduf;bl, qArfrldof; (8) rlif:bof;/

armifarmifonf (8) em&D uxJu pmusufae\/
acj;Oyf:vSif:
wlef;uGmrf: tefwArfxlef;[1] + orÁE¨ + wlef;uGmrf: tefwArfxlef;[2]
*emif:emif: uGj,umwf,aO? *emif:emif: yguf;rj: wD;Ndef:/
emif:emif: uGj,umwf,/ emif:emif: yguf;rj: wD;Ndef:/
wlef;uGmrf:Ogifacj; tefrD:acj;ygif, Ogiftefeh. eif,pkdof
acj;ygif,ref: ayj:awuAof,qmyf;uefrj:eef. tofacj;qmif;uyf:

]]aO}} wlofeh. O[,yef e[:olif;umifref:aO yAefrj:
]]emif:emif: uGj,umwf,aO yguf;rj:wD;Ndef:}} ehbof;/ ugyf;oj;
uwf.wj:ref: ulnf:yAefauj.vAofsv; ylwf:oh.ySwf; tefekdif;
bof;/ wlnf:tofacj;Omif:vmif:tefeh.aO Okdyf,vSif:pefuGj,
wmif,tef wmif,ylid fwj./
acj;qmif;uyf: tefbl,Nofej;ouf.uB
ayj:? ayj:oj;? Oif? Oifoj;? omh:aO? eif,pkdof? P;ayj:?
ySif;eif,? qgrf:eif,
ayj:? ayj:oj;? Oif? Oifoj; acj;qldof:eh. q[.wD;e[:
acj;ygif, wmif:bldif:tmef:? wmif:ch;q[ qArfwif:ruf:rmh wj,Odkyf,
vgif;r[,wmif,tefbof;/
vmh:wSrf;wlef;uGmrf:
ayj: --------- eh Okdyf, wkwdbouf.uBuGj,/
ayj:oj; --------- ehqkdif ------------/
1. ayj:ulef:pAwf:umefcof pAwf:umefbof.eh pSef:cof;yef P;cofej;/
tvkyform;rsm; tvkyfvkyfNyD;onfhtcg olwkdYtm; xrif;jyif
ay;Mu/
2. ayj:oj;ulef:ekdif;rkdef,cof tgefqyf: OIeukef,bof.eh
qkdif ckefapjcrf:ydrf,ydOj,Ieh. rguf,vof;xkdif Ncrf:qof;
qldif.ehbof;/
wpfaomif;aomvlwkdYonf o&P*kHwnfNyD;aomtcg AdrÁdom&
rif;BuD;onf þokdY em;awmftm; avQmufMum;av\/
3. Oifoj; r[:rj: tofrj:idkef: ekdif;rkdef,sv;/
tu,fí oifvmcJhvQif aiGwpfaomif;ukd ,lvmcJhyg/
4. OifuofyAefckefeh uofawygifomef;rldif: P;ayj:ckdef;bF,aOugef,/

tu,fí uREfkyf rif;jzpfcJhvQif wkdif;jynfukd wkd;wufaumif;rGef
atmif vkyfaqmifrnf/
5. Oifuof uGj,Ogef ynf,nj,eh awvDuj;pkdof/

tu,fí uREfkyf ynmoGm;oifcJhvQif b,favmufaumif;rvJ/
6. omh:aO tmh;qmh:uGj,bof. urf:ekdif; uofMwf;zSofrj:/

omh:aO zlefwluf:bof.aO vlrf:vlifOrf.yof,rj:/
armifarmifoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf rMumcif uRefawmfa&mufvm\/
rkd;&GmNyD;onfhaemuf avjyif;BuD; wkdufav\/
eif,pkdof? P;ayj: - qldof:eh. q[.wD; e[:vgif;w[:rgif:

cfG;yAef cfG;P;yAefeef.bof;/
1. eif,pkdofaIj:uj,rF: ayj:awpmhzF:zF:eef. udefbj;bjeh.sv;/
oifha&m*g tjrefaysmufuif;atmif þaq;ukd pm;avmh/
oifha&m*g tjrefaysmufuif;jcif;iSg þaq;ukd pm;avmh/
2. P;ayj:yAefOax:eef. awvh;arjynf,nj, umefuj.cmhbof;/

olaX;jzpfatmif pD;yGg;a&;ynmukd wwfajrmuf&rnf/
3. ulef:pof: P;ayj:uwf:bAefq[eef. awvh;pAwf:qgrf: acj;

Oif,Ogef Tzj:yAefqof;bof;/
pdwfcsrf;omap&ef jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Mo0g'awmftwkdif; usifh
aqmifyg/
pdwfcsrf;ompdrfhaomiSg jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Mo0g'awmftwkdif; usifh
aqmifyg/
ySif;eif,? qgrf:eif, - qldof:eh. ref:qSif;setAefpSif:

tefay.vh; ygifvh; qArfwif: P;pAwf:qgrf: ySif;
rmhrD;rD:eef.bof;/
1. ySif;eif,cl:Ogifq[.eef. cofayj:pAwf:bof.bof;/
q&mckdif;onhftwkdif;(ovkd) olwkdY vkyfNyD;NyD/
2. ySif;eif, ref:bldif:tmef:oh.eef. ref:yAefarjbjvlifuGj,

auj.ekdif;bof;/
ol&nfrSef;xm;onfhtwkdif; olonf q&m0efwpfa,muf
jzpfcJhNyD/
3. qgrf:eif,Tzj:yAefqof; qD.seyef OAef;wmif:eef. qldof:

yAefykwf.xzj,Oj, tgefpAwf:Omif;wkdof:urfqgrf:bl,bof;/
jrwfpGmbk&m; vrf;ñGefjyxm;onfhtm;avsmfpGm Ak'¨bmom0if
wkdYu vkdufemusifhokH;Mu\/
4. qgrf:eif,vh;pAwf:umefvDeef. awvh;tdlrf;qmrf, zgef:vDbof;/

ukokdvfaumif;rIukd vkyfonfhtm;avsmfpGm aumif;usdK;ukd cHpm;
&rnf/
acj;qmif;uyf: tefrlrf:Nofej;ouf.uB
qlof; ---- bif:? qlof; ---- yh? qlof;uj; ---- yh/
rldof; ---- bif:? rldof; ---- yh/
1. qlof;r[:tmyf,erf. bif:wkduf.rlef;bl,eh. uofawuGj,Okdof.
wmif:udefrj:/
rif;a&csdK;vkdY aysmf&TifaewkH;rSm igpm;p&m oGm;0,fvkdufr,f/
2. qlof;uj;egif.qmh: Ogefynf,nj,bl, bif:wkduf.yj:q[bl,eh.

vDvh;qgh;xSrfP;ref:sw.sw.bof;/
nDav; ynmoifvkdY pdwfygvufygBudK;pm;aewkH;rSm olukd awmf
awmf axmufyhHay;bkdY aumif;ygw,f/
3. rldof;qof;ej:cof ymwf,cof;bl, bif:wkduf.vmwf;uGmrf:Nef;arj:yef:
bl,eef. il:wgwf,qmh:crf:sv; vh;wmif,uGj, wD;Nif:bjbof;/
* rldof;qof;ej:cof bif:wkduf.Nef;arj:yef:aO ymwf,cof;bl,
eef. il:wgwf,qmh:crf:sv; vh;wmif,uGj, wD;Nif:bjbof;/
* v,form;wkdY aumuf&dwf aysmf&TifpGm pum;ajymaewkH;rSm pkdif;
crf;ukd a>rukdufaomaMumifh aq;½kHokdY wifykdYvkduf\/
* qlof;sr;pof: pAwf:umefyh,bof.eh. uofcj; awOkdof.wmif:udef
rj:ugef,/
tartvkyfvkyfvkdY rNyD;ao;cif uRefawmfpm;p&m oGm;0,fvkduf
OD;r,f/
* rldof;cl:Ogef vmwf;uGmrf:yh,bof.eef. vkuf;pAef:auj.ekdif;
vmwf;oj; ]]ulif,umof ulif,umof}} ehbof;/
q&mpum;ajymvkdY rqkH;cif ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu ]]yifhul
yifhul}} vkdY xatmf\/
acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uB tefbl,vh;Nofouf.uB? wif:umifouf.uB

wif:OgifwD;/
P;ayj:? rldof;? qlof;? wj,aw
1. P;ayj:rmuf;rD:eef. awvh;cwf:q[bof;/
csrf;omatmif tvkyfukd BudK;pm;yg/
2. tofrmuf,qguf:rj: P;ayj: ukrf,wj,qldof:pof:wif:OAif;vl:/
igwkdYtm;vkH;twGuf vkHavmufatmif vdar®mfoD; oGm;,lyg/
3. rldof;zlefwluf:eef. tmh;qmh: bif:wkduf.egef:oh.bl,/

rkd;&GmaepOf armifarmiftdyfaewkH;bJ/
4. uofMwf;xkdifrj:wD;Ndef: rldof;sr;pof:uGj,umwf,tldof;/
taraps;oGm;aewkef; uRefawmf tdrfokdY a&mufvm\/
5. qlof;r[:wef:bl,eh. r[:qgh;sr: rluf,(vgwf,)erf.vl:/
rif;tm;aewkef;rSm a&ykdufudk ulnDNyD; jyifygOD;/
6. tmh;qmh:zgef.vduf;bl, qlof;cmof:awwgyf,vduf;/
pmar;yGJajz&eftawmtwGif; armifarmifpmusufae\/
wD;wgif: - qldof:tefserj:eh. yAefvhm:wgif:imh; wD;uSyf;
ref:bof;/ ayj:ref:cof;Oazj: vmh:qldif.eif,
serj:eef.eh tefv[auj; tofcof;vh; e[:acj;
qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh.bl,/
3. acj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b
acj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b tefoj;eh. ref:bl,wD;
Nofej;wkwdbouf.uB(ouf.uBzmh,vif)aO ckdef:uAof,ymuf;tof acj;
ygifcgifouf.uB(yxr)zmh,ej;eef. rj:uAof,qmyf;uefsv; Mif.oj;
acj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,bbof;/
wlofacj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b
zmh,wh: jrefrmvkd
ulnf:uj;? ulnf:oj;? ulnf:ej, 'gayrJh? odkYayrJh (rnhf)? okdY&mwGif?
okdYaomfvnf;? okdYjzpfaomfvnf;?
okdYjzpfapum? okdYwap
ugyf;oj; aMumifh? aomaMumifh?
ugyf;eefsv; xkdYaMumifh? 'gaMumifh
vldofaOeef.? trf,uj: xkdxufru? 4if;tjyif

vkdef:aOeef.? vkdef:eef. NyD;aemuf? xkdYaemuf
omh:aOeef.? omh:eef. NyD;aemuf? xkdYaemuf
urf:eef.? rldof;urf:eef. xkdtcg ? aomtcg
qldif.ehqgif, odkYrSom
ayj:pAwf:qldif.ehqgif, okdYrSomvQif? þuJo h kdYvkyfrSomvQif
awj;eif,eef? qldif.eif,eef xkduJhokdY? xkdtwl? tJwmvkd
ayj:eh 'Dvkdqkdvsif? 'gjzifhvsif
ayj:eef 'gjzifhvsif? xkduJhodkYqkdvsif
vmh:oh.ref:
--------- yxrouf.uB ----------/ acj;qmif;uyf: -
Okdyf,vgif;uGmrf:wkwdb/
wlofseref: -
1. emif:emif:eh. pmif;vDsw.? ulnf:uj; ref:emif: Olyf:pmh.Okwf:/
eef;eef;onf tvGefvSy\? okdYaomfvnf; olr EkwfMurf;\/
2. qmh:qmh:eh. yAefulef:vDauj.ekdif;? ulnf:ej, ref:trf,arj
uyf:Okdyf, ulef:wif:vmh/
armifarmifonf vlaumif;wpfa,muf jzpf\? okdYayrJh(rifh)
olrsm;ESifh qufqHa&; rvkyfwwfyg/
ugyf;oj; - OrfYefxacj;eh. yAefvh;ouf.uB qArf

txdyf.yj,b Orfyefxbof;/
1. ugyf;oj; qmh:qmh:udefzdwf:sv; wgif.ref:cdkef;bof;/ (ouf.uB)
armifarmifonf tpm;rSm;aomaMumifh olAkdufem&onf/
2. qmh:qmh: wgif.ref:cdkef;? ugyf;oj;ref:udefrmuf,rlif;bof;/
armifarmifonf o&ufoD;ukd pm;rdaomaMumifh olAkdufemae\/
3. qmh:qmh:eh. rmuf;rD:vDyAefrj:sw.bof;/ ugyf;oj; ref:uj.OSif

tgif,bof;/
armifarmifonf olaX;jzpfvm\/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf(vQif)
olausmufta&mif;t0,f atmifjrifaomaMumifh jzpf\/
* armifarmifonf olaX;jzpfvm\/ olausmufta&mif;t0,f
atmifjrifaomaMumifh jzpf\/
ugyf;eefsv;? ugyf;eef - xkdYaMumifh? 'gaMumifh

1. emif:egh.eh. cwf:q[vduf;sw.oj;bof;? ugyf;eefsv; qgif,
ayj:vh; Ol:xD.edkif;bof;/
rav;EG,fonf pmukd tvGefBudK;pm;\? xkdYaMumifh yxrqkukd
&\/
2. emif:emif:eh. arjeyf.brf ayj;sr;ulef:xof;sw.bof;/
ugyf;eef yldef;qgif,ayj: tgefpuf.ref:emif:bof;/
vldofaOeef.? vldofaOeef.Orf. = acj;qmif;uyf:

qldof:eh. ref:sevgif; erf.euf:ref: wldof:xSif;eef.bof;/
1. qmh:qmh:eh. avj:zbF,sw. vldofaOeef. Olyf:auj;pmh.bof;/
armifarmifonf avmbtvGefBuD;\/ 4if;tjyif (xkdYxufom
ru) Ekwfvnf; tvGefMurf;wrf;\/
2. emif:crf:egh,eh. arjpuf.ayj;sr;sw./ vldofeef.Orf. yAef
ulef:eyf.brf Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,sw.bof;/
rcrf;EG,fonf rdbwkdYukd cspfjrwfEkd;\/ xkdYxufru bk&m;?
w&m;? oHCmwkdYukdvnf; tvGef,kHMunfoljzpf\/
omh:eef.? vkdef:eef.? omh:aOeef.? vkdef:aOeef.

Orf,yef,xqldof:eh. sevgif;Okdyf,pAwf:umef wmif,qldof:wmif,
bldif;bof;/
1. qmh:qmh: uGj,pAwf:umef wD;Nif:umef/ omh:eef. Orf.uGj, wD;wj;pldof:/
armifarmifonf ½kH;rSmtvkyfvkyf\/ xkdYaemuf oabFmqdyfodkY
oGm;\/
2. emif:emif: pAwf:umefbl, wD;Ndef:/ omh:eef. uGj,wD; wj;
erf.aO vgh:clof:/
eef;eef;onf tdrfrSm tvkyfvkyf\? xkdYaemuf a&qdyfokdYoGm;í
t0wfavsmf\/
urf:eef.? urf:eef = Orf,yef,xqldof:eh. ref:

se vgif;tefekid f; bif:wkduf.yAefbl,/ Orf.Okdyf,se vgif;
yldifwmif,qldof.wmif,bldif; yAefrj:Okdyf,uefbof;/
1. bdif:crf:ekrf,eh. ugwf,wD;auj.yAefyD;qmh:aO ph;bl, awj,
ayj:pkdifwmef,wmef,auj; ulef:omef;cof trf,ayj,rj:/ awj;
uj; auj.yAefar:puf.auj; bif:trf,ayj,rj:aOtdwf:/
urf:eef.(urf:eef) xGj,edef:N.oj;]]atj:J rj:Ndef:
yldef;aO tgefbgif;bl,eh. cofpuf.uoftrf,q[;/ ugyf;cfG;vh;
cgifrSif,eldof. tefuofvh;rj:eef.sv; pAwf:pmif;puf.uofvlif
bl,}}/
rcrf;vkHonf tpfukdjzpfol xGmeif;tm; zufí ikd,kdae&m
tawmfMumonfhwkdif &Gmom;rsm; ay:rvmMuacs/ ol\cspfZeD;
jzpfolyif vkH;0ay:rvmacs/
xkdtcg xGmeif;onf ]]aMomf olrsm;wum tdrfvmNyD;
ajr§mufyifhMuwm igYukdcspfvkdYr[kwf/ ig&vmwJhtom;ukd a0pkvkd
csifvkdY igukd cspf[efaqmifMuwmyJ/
qldif.ehqgif,? ayj:pAwf:qldif.ehqgif,? ayj:pAwf:qldif.ehugef,=

acj;Orf,yef,xqldof:eh. ref:seacj;urf.oj; ref:qkdof;q[;?
ref:yAefOAef;wmif:rmef,rSef; ehbof;/
1. ]]tmh;qmh: r[:awvh;arjeyf.brf cl:Ogeftldof;? cdkef;Nif:
pAef: rmef,rmef,tldof;? cwf:q[vduf;tldof;? ayj:qldif.ehqgif,
arjOgefOl qif,awpuf.tldof;}}/
]]armifarmif rif; q&mukd ½kdao&rnf? ausmif;rSefrSefwuf&rnf?
pmBudK;pm;&rnf okdYrSom rif;wkdYq&mu rif;ukdcspfrnf}}/
2. qldof:pof:pj: awvh;cwf:q[vduf;bof;? ayj:qldif.ehqgif,
wj,awtgif,vduf;eef. qif,awwrf:q[bof;/
uREfkyfwkdY pmBudK;pm;&rnf? xkdodkYBudK;pm;rSomvsif pmar;yGJatmif
zkdY&m pdwfcs&rnf/
3. uofcj;Mrfidkef:oh. ykef;wj,awOkdof.uj: ul;vldefvldefbof;/
ayj:pAwf:qldif.ehqgif,(ugef,) qif,awOkdof.vh;uj:bof;/
uRefawmfonf um;0,f&eftwGuf vpOfaiGpkyg\/ okdYrSomvQif
('DvkdvkyfrSomvQif) um;0,fekdifrnf/
awj;eif,eef? awj,eif,eef. = acj;Orf,yef,x
qldof:eh. ref:se vgif;oj; ref:rldefuefbof;/
1. tkifvdefqldof:eh. yAeftlnf:auj.vDrj: ykef;wj,ayj;sr;
uofcj;bof;/ awj;eif,eef(eef.) ykef;wj,uofcj;auj;
awyAeftlnf:auj.vDbl,bof;/
'D&THUawG[m uRefawmf\ rdbtwGuf rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfcJhyg
w,f/ xkdYtwl uRefawmftwGufvJ rdwfaqGaumif;yJjzpfrSmbJ/
ayj:eh ayj:eef = acj;Orf,yef,xqldof:eh. ref:

sevgif; wj,Okdyf,pAwf: P;ref:xkuf,eef.bof;/
1. qmh:qmh:trf,bl,vD? ayj:eef(ayj:eh) uGj,Mif.arjbjrj:sv;/
armifarmif aeraumif;yg/ 'Dvdq
k kd&if q&m0efoGm;ac:yg/
2. ]]emif:crf:egh, trf,wef:? ayj:eef P;qmh:qmh:uGj,sv;}}/

]]rcrf;EG,f rtm;yg/ 'gjzifh&if armifarmifukd oGm;ckdif;yg}}/
3. ]]pof:cj; bif:trf,yh,udefcof;? ayj:eh pof:cj; awpAwf:Oif
awj;vAof}}/
]]uRefawmfwkdY xrif;rpm;Muao;yg/ 'gjzifh tck uRefawmfwkdY
bmvkyfrvJ}}/
wgef;zkduf:vSef, Orf,yef,x
1. Orf,yef,xeh. uGmrf:wh:ygif,oj;Oifeh qmrf:Omif:vmif; sevl:/
2. Orf,yef,xeh. ref:qmif;arjuAof,ymuf;tofacj;ygif, cgiftefvF
wif:tefvF rj:uAof,qmyf;uef tefoj;eh. rguf,vSif:serj:vl:/
3. Orf,yef,xeh. rD:vmhbldif; rguf,vSif:sevl:/
4. vmh:pAwf:ouf.uB Orf,yef,x wif: txdyf.yK,bOrf,yef,xref:
pAwf:pkdofySuf,uef? qmrf:wgyf,serj:vl:/
5. qmrf:wSrf;serj: wlofbmif, vmh:wSrf; Orf,yef,x XXayj:CC
XXayj:oj;CC eh.vl:/
6. vmh:wSrf;txdyf.yj,b Orf,yef,x rD:qldif.eif,pkdofekdif; Omif:
vmif:sevl:/
acj;wgyf,
1. Orf,yef,xtefoj;eh. ygif,oj; XXacj;qmif;uyf:CC ehatj;/
2. Orf,yef,xeh. ref:qmif;arjuAof,ymuf;tof acj;ygif,cgifyw? ouB
txdyf.yj,b rj:uAof,qmyf; Okdyf,idlef;uGmrf:uefatj;/
3. Orf,yef,xeh. rD:oh.acj;qmif;uyf:yw? acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uB? acj;
qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b Omrfbldif;eh.atj;/
4. acj;qmif;uyf:ouf.uBeh. ref:bl,Nofej;? umifouf.uBaO uyf:yefP;

acj;ygif,vgif;wmif:Ogiftef yAefrj:ouf.uBvAofuefatj;/ acj;
qmif;uyf:txdyf.yj,beh.sw.qrf: ref:bl,Nofej; ouf.uBzmh,vif
aO uAof,ymuf;tofacj;ygif, cgifouf.uBzmh,ej; rj:wdwf:awj,uef
atj;/ ref:ySuf,yldif;uef qldif.ehatj;/
5. vmh:pAwf;ouf.uB Orf,yef,x - ayj:? ayj:oj; =

ayj:[ayj:oj;] + vgif;wmif:ch;OF, + eh + Okdyf,uGj, vgif;wmif,tef/
wlofseref:qrf:
ayj: [ayj:oj;] + rF:rj:wD;rl,aq< + eh + Okdof.rj: uj:vrf:ekdif;
P;uofvl:/
6. vmh:wSrf;txdyf.yj,b Orf,yef,xeh. rD:oh.Ogifouf.uBatj;/

qif,tofacj;qmif;uyf: txdyf.yj,b oh.Nofej;zmh,vifouf.uBaO
wSrf;vmwf;atj;/
wlofseref:qrf:
qmh:qmh:uwf.vduf;bl, ulnf:ej, ref:rD:rj,ebF,ulnf:bof./
emif:tD,eh. yldef;trf,bkrf,brfref: ugyf;oj; ref:emif:arjvSef
bof;/
vSef,rj: P;ref:rgef<rgef<vl:
zmh,wh: zmh,rmef; zmh,wh: zmh,rmef;
----- aomtcg eguf;aO -----
aO ------ ------ tusdK;iSg
------ tu,fí awj;eif,eef -----
rldof;…yh ------ ------ uxJu
------- umvywfvkH; rldof; -----

trf,eef ------ ------ xkdYtjyif
------ atmif-ap&ef sv;Oif -----
rldof; ------ ------ pOf
------- vnf;?aomfvnf; urf:eef. -----
ugyf;oj; ----- ------ 'gjzifhvnf;
------- NyD;aemuf Oifoj; -------
qldif.ehqgif, ----- ------ okdYayrJh
------- okdYr[kwf ayj: -------
ySif;eif, ----- ------ aemufxyfwzef
------- 'Dvkdqkdvsif wj,aw -------
aObof.Orf. ----- ------ r-ao;cif
------- NyD;aemuf trf,eef -----
wj,aw ----- ----- omvQifr[kwf
------- aomfvnf; qlof;uj; -----
wgef;Orf,yef,x Okwf:bof;/
5. wgef;udIdbj
udef? uGj,? yh? rD: quGj, tefyAefwmif:pAwf:Omif;?
tAefpSif: cgifuwf.wj:eh. Mif.oj; udIdbj,bof;/ qgrf:eif,
bmrf:uj,v rD:Omrfbldif;eef. udIdbj,ehauj; rD:uj,vOmrfbldif;
bof;/ qgrf:eif, emrf,at,? emrf,(uwf.wj:)erfeef.
udIdbj,eh.auj; rD:oqef:at,? oqef:erfeh Ogifbldif;bof;/
bmrf:uj,vOmrfbldif;
1. ywf.qkyef,uj,v = uj,vcmof:bmrf: wkduf.yAef
2. twD,wuj,v = uj,vcmof:bmrf: rldof;yAefylef.rj:
3. tej,uwuj,v = uj,vcmof:bmrf: awyAefrldof:ej;
1. udIdbj,ywf.qkyef,e
udIdbj, tefrguf,qSif;ch;seuef rldof;zgif:wkduf.pAwf:wdkuf.
Omif;bl,eh. Mif.oj; udIdbj,ywf.qkyef,ebof;/
wlofseref:
1. tmh;qmh:eh. bif:wkduf. wSrf;vduf;bl,/
armifarmifonf pmukd a&;ae\/
2. emif:qmrfeh. Mif.uGmrf:aO uj;vlifbl,/
eef;pHonf oDcsif;qkdNyD; uae\/
3. rldof;eh. tl;pof: uGj, wD;qgif:(uRif:)eef,woef,atj;/
,aeY uRefawmfwkdY tazonf eE´0efausmif;okdY oGm;\/
e[:wlef;uGmrf:qldof:eef. ]]bif:wkduf.wSrf;-uj;vlifbl,-
uGj,}}tef yAefudIdbj,qldof:eh. ugyf;ref:cfG;serguf,qSif; rldof;
bmrf:wkduf.yAefbl,sv; Mif.oj; udIdbj,ywf.qkyf.yef,ebof;/
udIdbj,eh. ref:yAefbl, e[:uj,vv[ tefoj;eh. rmifyguf;
trf,qmif;wSyf:wwf:vh; aOwj.auj; wlnf:acj;Orf,yef,x
tefserldof;bmrf: (udIdbj,odaO,Oe secmof:bmrf:)aO
wSyf:wwf:vh;bl,bof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1. rldof;eh. tmh;qmh:pAwf:umef wD;Olefe[:xldef,/
2. rldof;oj: qmh:tgef, pAwf:umef wD;Ndef:/
3. rldof;eh. ylef.rj:rldof;Ogifrlif: qmh:qmh: wSrf;vduf; wD;
Nif:pAef:/
pAwf:umef? wSrf;vduf; acj;udIdbj,qldof:eh. ref:yAefbl,

e[:uj,vv[eh trf,xmif,qSif;/ rldof;v[wlnf: udIdbj,odaO,Oe
secmof:ref: aObof.qgif, qif,N.qSif;vh; wSyf:wwf:vh;
ref:yAefe[:uj,vv[ehbof;/ ]]rldof;oj:-rldof;eh.}} qldof:eh. yAef
udIdbj,odaO,Oe secmof:bmrf:bof;/
bl, = acj;eh. ayj:bif:bl,qyf: zmh,vifudIdbj,eh

ref:qSif;se e[:uj,vywf.qkyef,bof;/
bif:wkduf. ? wdkuf. = Ogifacj;eh. ayj:bl,qyf:

zmh,ej;udIdbj,eh acj;udIdbj,eef. ref:qSif;se e[:uj,v
ywf.qkyef,bof;/ udIdbj,eh. Oifref:qSif;se pdrf:Mrf: ywf.
qkyef,bl,qkdif awvh;ruf:rmhoj; yAefudIdbj, ywf.qkyef,e
bof;/
zmh,rmef;
]]pm;onf? oGm;onf? avQmufonf? tdyfonf? vkyfonf?
a&;onf}} quGj, tefyAefudIdbj, acjacj eh.v[/ ]]pm;aeonf?
oGm;aeonf? avQmufaeonf? tdyfaeonf? vkyfaeonf?
a&;aeonf}} quGj, tefyj:rj: ]]ae}} eh.v[/ ]]tvkyf vkyf\?
pma&;\? a&aomuf\? tdyf\? ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;\}} qldof:eh.v[
yAefbl, e[:ywf.qkyef,bof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1/ armifarmifonf rkefYukd pm;\/
2/ rdef;uav;onf ausmif;okdY oGm;onf/
3/ tazonf reufwkdif; vrf;avQmufonf/
4/ uRefawmfonf n 9-em&D tcsdefrSef tdyf\/
5/ uRefawmftpfukdonf ½kH;rSm tvkyf vkyfonf/
6/ tpfronf tdrfokdY rmaMumif;omaMumif; pmukd a&;ae\/
7/ ,cktcsdefrSm uRefawmf tartdrfrSm xrif; csufae\/
8/ uRefawmf\ ESrav;onf tcef;xJrSm tdyfae\/
2. udIdbj, twD,wuj,v
udIdbj, tefrguf,qSif;ch<se e[:rldof;yAefylef.rj:eef.
Mif.oj; udIdbj,twD,wbof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1. qmh:qmh: udefcof; rj:bof.bof;/
armifarmifonf xrif;pm;cJh\/
2. qmh:qmh: udefcof; bof.bof;/
3. emif:qmrfMrf uGj,Nif:pAef: bof.bof;/
eef;pH[Grfonf ausmif;okdY oGm;cJhNyD/
4. sr;pof: ayj:udefcof;bof.bof;/
wkdYtar xrif; pm;NyD;cJhNyD/
5. rldof;eh. bmrf:umife[ 7-rlif: qmh:qmh: ayj:uGj,xhej: wD;

ej:ugif:rj: bof.bof;/
armifarmifonf ,aeY eHuf 7-em&D tcsdefwGif ukef;jrifhu
v,f,mukd xGefNyD;cJhavNyD/
wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAeftwD,w
e[:zj,Oj,wh:eh. rD:oh. acj;qD.se wj,P;N. yAefe[:
twdwf.bof;/ qldof:eef.qrf. yAef ]]ayj:? rj:? bof.bof;}}
Omrftefeh.bof;/ qgrf:eif,ouf.uB tefwSrf;oh. wmif:eldof
eef. ]]ayj:}} acj;eh. bl,wD; zmh,ej;udIdbj,aO pAwf:P;
ygif,qSif;uGj, zmh,twD,wuj,vbof;/ ]]rj:}} ]]bof.bof;}} eh.
sw.qrf. bl,zmh,vif udIdbj,? trf,eef bl,zmwf,udIdbj,
aO yAefacj;qSif;se zmh,rldof;twD,wbof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1. tmh;qmh: ayj:pAwf:umefbof;/
2. tmh;qmh: pAwf:umefrj:bof.bof;/
3. tmh;qmh: pAwf:rj:umefbof;/
4. tmh;qmh: ayj:pAwf:umefrj:bof.bof;/
5. tmh;qmh: udefcof;bof.bof;/
6. tmh;qmh: ayj:udefcof;bof.bof;/
7. tmh;qmh: ayj:udefcof;bof./
wlef;uGmrf:yj;eldofeef. vkuf.rmh(1) awj,rmh(4)eh. acj;
ygif,ref: rle
d fuefulnf:/ vmh:wSrf;ref:sw. pmrf.ySuf,ueftdwf:
ekdif;/ ulnf:oj; txdyf.yj,b acj;ygif,ref:sw. ref:rldefuef
aO qSif;se e[:twD,wuj,vbof;/
zmh,rmef;
twdwfBud,m0dbwfrsm;
]]cJh\? cJhonf(cJhw,f)? cJhavNyD}} qldof:eh. yAefodzwf.
tefqD.rguf,se twD,wuj,v rldof;ylef.rj:bof;/ (Bud,m +
0dbwf)/
1/ armifvSonf raeYu a&Twd*kHapwDokdY oGm;cJhonf/
qmh:vj.eh. uGj,wD;Olnf,wukif,rj: rldof;oj:/
2/ pmtkyfonf reufu pm;yGJay:rSm &SdcJh\/
yyf.vduf;eh. rD:oh.wD;eldofzldef rldof;umife[atj;/
3/ OD;xGef;pdefonf rESpfu þ&Gm\ OuúXjzpfcJh\/
cdif:xkef:qdif,eh. rldof;yD<ylef.rj: ref:yAeftkuf.ux omef;
eh.rj:atj;/
3. udIdbj, tej,uwuj,v
udIdbj, tefrguf,qSif;ch<se rldof:ej;awyAefeef.
Mif.oj; udIdbj,tej,uwbof;/ tefyh,xkdif zgif:pAwf:? vmwf;?
udef quGj, tefvmwf;sexj; tgefwmif:eh. Mif.oj;
tej,uwbof;/
]]aw}} acj;eh. bl,qyf:zmh,ej;udIdbj,aO acj;udIdbj,
tefyj: ]]aw}}zmh,ej;eh. ref:ydkwf,qSif;se rldof;tej,uw
cmof:rldof:ej;bof;/
awuGj,bof;/ awtgefuGj,bof;/
oGm;rnf/ oGm;Muvdrfhrnf/
awrj:bof;/ awtgefrj:bof;/
vmvdrfhrnf/ vmMuvdrfhrnf/
awpAwf:bof;/ awtgefpAwf:bof;/
vkyfvdrfhrnf/ vkyfMuvdrfhrnf/
awpjbl,/ awtgefpjbl,/
&SmygtHh/ &SmazGMuygukefthH/
1. rldof;zkuf;rj: sr;pof: awuGj, vj;OAof;tldof;/
reufjzef wkdYtar vm;½Id;okdY oGm;rnf/
2. rldof;eh.umifoef: ekdif;rgif: qldof:pof: awtgefuGj, wD;qgif:
eef,woef,tldof;/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ,aeY aeYvnf 1-em&DtcsdefrSm eE´0efausmif;
odkY oGm;Murnf/
3. r[:awtgif,vduf;bl,/
rif;pmar;yGJ atmifvdrfhrnf/
4. rldof;zkuf;rj: zlefawwluf:bl,/
reufjzef rkd;&GmtHh/
5. ckefqmh:OD,xmwf;eh. wuf:awyAefTzj:trf,pmif./
od'¨w¬rif;om; bk&m;{uefjzpfvwåHU/
jrefrmvkd tem*wf0dbwf
]]rnf? r,f? vdrfhrnf? vdrfhr,f? rvkdY? tHh? vwHåU}} qldof:eh.
yAefodzwf.tej,uw tefbl,uyf:udIdbj,bof;/ (Bud,m+0dbwf)/
ouf.uBwlofseref: ayj:rD:oh. wmif:eldofbof;/
oqef: - at, / erf

udIdbj,eh. qgrf:eif,uwf.wj: at,? erfeef. aw
vh;oh.rldefuef cdkif;uef qgrf:emrf,bof;/ ayj:wlnf:emrf, wif:
udIdbj, e[:ouf.uBqkdif udIdbj,eef. ref:qSif;se tefat,
pkdof? teferfpkdofeh awvh;oh. wSuf,wSuf,vSif:vSif:bof;/
ugyf;eef udIdbj,eh. rD:oh. ]]oqef:at, = ch<setefat,

sv; oqef:erf = ch<se teferf}}eh rD:Ogifbldif;bof;/
oqef:at, oqef:erf
udef tgef(uef)udef
uGj, tgefuGj,
egef: tgefegef:
uj;oSef tgefuj;oSef
apj; tgefapj;
pAwf:umef tgefpAwf:umef
vmwf; tgefvmwf;
Mif. tgefMif.
tmyf, tgeftmyf,/
ykef;wj,uwf.wj:auj.vAof tefat,eh. udIdbj,ref:
awvh;oh. oqef:at,bof;/ ykef;wj,uwf.wj:erf udIdbj,
ref:auj; awvh;tof oqef: teferfaO qSif;seuGj,bof;/
wlofse ouf.uBref:
1. tmh;qmh:eh. udefcof; wD;qgif:/
2. emif:emif: uGj, wD;Nif:pAef:/
3. qmh:tgef, egef:bl, wD;e[:Mif,/
4. emif:OSifat: uGj,oSef wD;ej;Ndef:/
5. qmh:qmh: apj;uj: uGj,wD;umwf,/
oqef:erf
1. qof;ej:cofeh. tgefpAwf:umefbl, wD;e[:ej:/
2. emif:qldif:cofeh. tgefuj;oSefbl, wD;eldofcAif,qldif:/
3. qldof:pof: tgefvmwf;oj; wD;ref:tdlof;/
4. qldof:Ol tgefMif.ymof,bl,pAwf:Oif/
5. vkuf;tgef,cof tgeftmyf,erf.bl, wD;e[:egif/
wD;wgif: = zmh,ej;udIdbj,eef. ayj:tof ]]tgef}}acj;eh.
uyf:O[,qkdif yAefuGj, udIdbj, oqef:erf e[:
zj,Oj,zmh,wh:bof;/
jrefrmvdk - zmh,rmef;
ayj:yAefudIdbj,oqef:at,qkdif rD:udIdbj,acjacj rldef
qldif.eif, zmh,wh:bof;/ ayj:c[;P;yAef udIdbj,oqef:erfqkdif
tof ]]Mu? Muukef? ukefMu}} e[:Omrfwlofeh. aOwlofwlof uyf:
qyf:zmh,vifudIdbj,uGj,aO wSrf;? vmwf;bof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1/ armifbonf ausmif;om;wpfa,muf jzpf\/
2/ olonf ausmif;rSefrSef wuf\/
3/ pmukdvnf; BudK;pm; usuf\/
4/ xkdYaMumifh ol tvGefawmfol jzpf\/
5/ twef;ykdif q&mrvnf; olYukd cspf\/
oqef:erf
1/ armifbESifh armifvSwkdYonf ausmif;om;rsm; jzpfMu\/
2/ olwkdYonf ausmif;rSefrSef wufMu\/
3/ pmukdvnf; BudK;pm; usufMu\/
4/ xkdYaMumifh olwkdYonf pmtvGefawmfolrsm; jzpfMu\/
5/ ausmif;q&m q&mrwkdYu olwkdYESpfa,mufukd tvGefcspf
Mu\/
acj;xwf:Omif
e[:Ozj,ouGmrf:vmwf;wh:eh. urf;erf udIdbj,eh. ref:
qSif;se tefat,pkdof? teferfpkdofeh ref:trf,ySuf,uef/
rldof;v[iguf;wlnf: acj;uwf.wj: ]]erf? at,}}bof. qif,awN./
ugyf;oj; trf,q[.wkdof:? trf,tofacj; ]]tgef}}eh. O[,qyf:
udIdbj,bof;/ e[:wlofseouf.uB zmh,yj;eldofeef. ]]tgefyAef
vkuf;pAef:}}eh urf:vAofbof;/ eif,pkdofayj:awyAef vduf;vmh:
tefqSif;sevh; ]]yAefoqef:at,? oqef:erf}} wSuf,wSuf,
vSif:vSif:eef. tofqof;zl;puf.vduf;pof:cof xwf:OmifaO q[.
wkdof:uGj,ulnf:bof;/
acj;xmrfwgyf, wgef;udIdbj,
1. udIdbj, tefoj;eh. ygif,oj;Oif/
2. tAefpSif:cgiftefv[ qif,Mif.oj;udIdbj,/
3. udIdbj,eh. ref:qSif;sevh; uj,vbmrf:vmhtef? wSrf;se
rj: bmrf:uj,vref:vl:/
4. oqef: ygif,oj;Oif/
5. qmrf:Omif:vmif:serj: oqef:Ogiftefvl:/
6. eguf;aO bmrf:uj,vOmrfbldif; udIdbj,ekdif;tefeh. qgif,
bif:qSif;sevh; ul;bmrf: (bmrf:teftrf,ruf:rmh) vh;bl,
pkdof? qmrf:Omif:vmif:serj:vl:/
7. ayj:uwf.wj:erfeh wD;udIdbj,awvh;pAwf:pkdofoh./
8. wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAefudIbd j, ywf.qkyef,e bmrf:wkduf.yAef
eef. awvh;tof (edywf.) acj;qdrfwh:wlofv[ yldif:se
yef wSrf;wgyf,serj:vl:/
9. wj,P;ayj:N.qSif;vh;oj; yAefudIdbj,twD,weef. Orf.aw

vh; tofacj;qdrfwh: wlofv[wlofv[O[,? wSrf;wgyf,serj:vl:/
10. wj,P;ayj:N.qSif;vh;oj; yAefudIdbj,tej,uweef. awvh;
tof acj;qdrfwh: wlofv[O[,yef? wSrf;wgyf,rj:vl:/
11. wj,P;ayj:N.qSif;vh;oj; yAefudIdbj,ypkoqef:eef. awvh;
tof acj;v[O[,yef? wSrf;wgyf,rj:vl:/
12. acj;pmif;ckdif; ouf.uBeh. yAefqldof:v[ wSrf;wgyf,serj:vl:/
acj;wgyf,
1. udIdbj,tefoj;eh. ygif,oj; ]]pAwf:}} ehbof;/
2. udef? uGj,? yh? pAwf: quGj, tefyAeftAefpSif: wmif:wlif.
ekdif cgifuwf.wj:eh. Mif.oj; udIdbj,atj;/
3. udIdbj,eh. ref:qSif;sevh; uj,vbmrf:Omrfbldif;atj;/
ywf.qkyef,uj,v = cmof:bmrf:wkduf.yAef/
twD,wuj,v = cmof:bmrf:rldof;yAefylef.rj:/
tej,uwuj,v = cmof:bmrf:awyAefrldof:ej;eh rD:Omrf
bldif;atj;/
4. oqef: (yj,vdoj;-oqe) uGmrf:wh:oj; ]]oj;se}} ehatj;/
5. oqef:eh. rD;Ogifbldif;atj;/
yAef at,uoqef: = oj;se tefat,?
ypkoqef: = oqef:erf oj;se teferf ehatj;/
wD;wgif: - oqef:eh. rD;oh.oqef:emrf,? oqef:
udIdbj, Ogifbldif;bof;/ ayj:yAefemrf,oqef:at, awvh;O[,
udIdbj,oqef:at,bof;/ ayj:yAefemrf,oqef:erf, awvh;O[,
udIdbj,oqef:erfbof;/
6. eguf;aO bmrf:uj,vOmrfbldif; udIdbj,eh. bif:qSif;sevh;

e[: uj,v? uj,vul;bmrf:atj;/
acj;Omif;vmif:ref:qrf:
wD;Nofej;ouf.uBv[? pmifouf.uBv[ ayj:rD:udIdbj,odaO,O
e secmof:oh.ehqkdif udIdbj, tefv[auj; yAefvh;ywf.qkyef,
uj,v? twD,wuj,v? tej,uwuj,vbof;/
7. ayj:acj;uwf.wj: yAefypkoqef: = oqef:erfeh udIdbj,
wmif:wlif.ekdif cgifuwf.wj:eef.auj; wuf:vh;oh.yAef
udIdbj, ypkoqef:bof;/
8. wj,P;N.qSif;vh;oj; yAefudIdbj,ywf.qkyef,eef. awvh;
tofacj;qdrf? wkduf.? bif:wkduf. qldof:eh. uyf:O[,Nofej;
udIdbj,atj;/ qArfwif: ]]bl,}} tofacj;eh. bl,uyf:zmh,
vifudIdbj,v[? zmwf,udIdbj,aO bl,pmifouf.uBv[ eh.auj;
wSrf;vmwf;vh;bl,atj;/
zmh,rmef; - udIdbj,acjacj tefvgwf;odzwf.
]]cJhonf? cJhNyD? vdrhrf nf? tHh? vwåHU}} qldof:eh.v[? qArfwif: tof
odzwf. ]]ae}} acj;eh. bl,uyf:qyf:zmh,vif udIdbj,v[ qldof:eh.
yAefudIdbj,ywf.qkyef,e zgif:bmrf:wkduf.yAefbof;/
9. wj,P;N.qSif;oj; yAefudIdbj,twD,weef. awvh;tof acj;

qdrf ]]ayj:}}wlofeh. uyf:O[,zmh,ej;udIdbj,v[? tofudIdbj,
urf. ]]rj:}} ]]bof.bof;}} Ogifwlofeh. aOwlofaOwlof
bl,uyf:qyf:zmh,vifudIdbj,v[? bl,pmifouf.uBaO wSrf;v[qldof:
eh. yAefrj:udIdbj, tefqSif;se twD,wbof;/
zmh,rmef; - awvh;tofodzwf. ]]cJh}} wlofeh. bl,uyf:
qyf:zmh,vifudIdbj,aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
10. wj,P;ayj:N.qSif;oj; yAefudIdbj, tej,uweef. awvh;

tofacj;qdrf ]]aw}} wlofeh. bl,uyf:qyf: zmh,ej;udIdbj,
aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
zmh,rmef; - ]]r,f? rnf? thH? vwåHU}} awvh;tofodzwf.
qldof:eh. bl,uyf:qyf:zmh,vifudIdbj,aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
11. acj;pmif;cldif;ouf.uBeh. yAef ]]bl,}} ]]bof;}} ]]bl,bof;}}

qldof;eh.atj;/
wgef;udIdbj, Okwf:eh.bof;/
6. wgef;udIdbjodaOOe
acj;pmif;cldif;udIdbj,
acj;tefarjykdwf,udIdbj, P;ayj:xmif,qSif;rj: trf,eef
acj;tefpAwf:P;udIdbj, rD:pSif:b[,rj:eef. Mif.oj; udIdbj,
odaO,Oe acj;pmif;cldif;udIdbj,bof;/
vmh:wSrf;udIdbj, odaO,Oe Ogifvmh:

1. udIdbj,odaO,Oe bl,zmh,ej; udIdbj,/
2. udIdbj,odaO,Oe bl,zmh,vif udIdbj,/
vmh:wSrf;rmhekdif;
rD: …… aOsv; + udIdbj,
tof …… aOsv; + udIdbj,
wlofseref:qrf:
1. qmh:Omif,ymif,eh. rD:wmif:uh.aOsv; + pAwf:umefbl,/
2. qmh:Omif,crf:eh. tofwmif:z[:aOsv; + udefcof;bl,/
3. vkif:Omrfeh. cmef.tldofvldofaOsv; + pAwf:umefbl,/
4. emif:OSifrgef:eh. yj:q[yj:acj:aOsv; + tmef,vduf;bl,/
Oyf:vSif: = ]]tmef,vduf;}} acj;udIdbj,wmif:wlif.ekdif
cgifemif:OSifrgef:eh. ref:yAefpkdofoh. tefoj;eef. ]]yj:q[yj:
acj:aOsv;}} acj;udIdbj,odaO,Oeeh. yldif:yef xSrfpSif:yef
sv; ]]tmef,vduf;}} acj;udIdbj,eh. xmif,qSif;rj:bof;? rD:pAif:

b[,rj:bof;/ ugyf;eef uj;yAef acj;tefqmif;arjykdwf,qSif;
xSif;pSif: P;udIdbj, euf:wldof:rj:eef. Mif.oj; udIdbj,
odaO,Oebof;/
wD;wgif: = acj;udIdbj,odaO,Oe tefbl,zmh,ej;
udIdbj,eh. ayj:bif:oj; zmh,vifudIdbj,v[? udIdbj,emrf,v[ yj:
qyf:rj: ]]aOsv;}} acj;eh.eh awvh;ruf:rmhoj; yAefacj;
udIdbj,odaO,Oebof;/
vmh:wSrf; udIdbj,odaO,Oe rmhOgif

vmh:wSrf;rmhOgifqrf: wD;acj;ej,rodaO,Oeeef. tof
pAwf:yAefOgifwlofOgef.uefuGj,aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/ trf,eef
udIdbj, + oj; + ej,rodaO,Oe oh.ehauj; vh;bof;/
acj;udIdbj,odaO,Oe qldof:eh.qrf: vh;oh.zmh,vifudIdbj,bof;/
udIdbj, + ej,rodaO,Oe
uGj, + z[:z[:
vmwf; + vgh:vgh:
wSrf; + cSrf.cSrf.
uj; + xldif:xldif:
rwf. + ukdrf:ukdrf:
udIdbj, + odaO,Oe
uGj, + z[:oj;z[:bof;/
vmwf; + cSrf.oj;cSrf.bof;/
udef + omefoj;omefbof;/
pAwf: + xldif:oj;xldif:bof;/
udef + xldif:sw.xldif:oj;/
udIdbj, + odaO,Oe
pdwf. + sw.sw.
vmwf; + sw.sw.
ayj. + sw.sw.
cSrf. + Okwf:Okwf:
cSrf. + aOyldef;
cSrf. + wmef,wmef,
ukdef: + ej,ej,
bguf: + ej,ej,
pmh. + sw.sw.
pmh. + Okwf:ydlef;bof;/
pmh. + oj;pmh.bof;/
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1. qmh:qmh:eh. yguf;rj: wD;Ndef: z[:z[:bof;/
2. emif:crf:cgif,eh. wSrf;vduf; cSrf.sw.sw./
3. emh:rguf,idkef:eh. vmwf;uGmrf: OAifb[,sw.sw./
4. uofcj; udefcof; omefoj;omefbof;/
5. qmh:crf:eh. ayj:ref:pAwf:umef pAwf:sw.pAwf:oj;vlif/
6. at:emif:eh. bguf: ej,ej,/
7. rjwlofeh. pmh. Okwf:Okwf:/
8. tmh;qmh: pAwf:uef xldif:sw.xldif:oj;/
zmh,rmef;
vmh:wSrf;rmef;eh.sw.qrf: (udIdbj,odaO,Oe+udIdbj,)
udIdbj,odaO,Oe bl,Nofej;udIdbj, rD:eh.yldifvAofulnf:bof;/
*kPf&nfjy + pGm Bud,m0daooe + Bud,m

aumif; + pGm = aumif;pGm + pum;ajym\/
aES; + pGm = aES;pGm + vrf;a&Smuf\/
jref + pGm = jrefpGm + tvkyfvkyf\/
rSef + pGm = rSefpGm + vkyfukdif\/
Bud,m0daooe + Bud,m
aumif;aumif; + vkyfyg/
jrefjref + pm;yg/
rSefrSef + vkyfyg/
Bud,m0daooe + Bud,m
ysif;ysif;&d&djzifh + pma&;aeonf/
ayghayghqq + rae&/
omom,m,m + pum;ajym\/
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef + aexkdif\/
tvsiftjref + pma&;\/
tjyif;txef + pmusuf\/
tav;teuf + pOf;pm;\/
tjrwfwEkd; + xm;\/
tomwMunf + vufcH\/
wyifwyrf; + vm&\/
rqkwfrepf + BudK;pm;yg/
r0w0 + pm;cJh\/
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1/ uav;onf ausmif;okdY vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;\/
uav;onf ausmif;okdY jrefjref ajy;oGm;\/
vkuf;tgef,eh. vSef;uGj, wD;Nif:pAef: z[:z[:bof;/
2/ tazonf ajz;nif;pGm vrf;avQmufae\/
tazonf ajz;ajz; vrf;avQmufae\/
tazonf cyfajz;ajz; vrf;avQmufae\/
tl;eh. yhwmif:vlifbl, vgh:vgh:bof;/
3/ avrkefwkdif;onf jyif;xefpGm wkdufcwf\/
avrkefwkdif;onf tvGefjyif;xefpGm wkdufcwf\/
vlrf:vmif:OSif:eh. ywf.yof,vlifbl, pSif:oj;pSif:bof;/
4/ ta':onf aps;okdY tvsiftjrefoGm;\/
sr;yj;eh. uGj,wD;umwf, z[:z[:bof;/
5/ rD;ukd ayghayghqq rvkyfMuESifh/
bj,oh.'h: pAwf:rofrmifwj./
6/ armifarmifonf pmukdrqkwfrepf BudK;pm;usuf\/
qmh:qmh: cwf:qFtmef,vduf;bl, ayj:trf,Neftrf,wlef.bof;/
acj;xmrfwgyf, wgef;udIdbjodaOOe
1. udIdbj,odaO,Oe tefoj;eh. ref:ygif,oj;Oif wgyf,sevl:/
2. vmh:wSrf;udIb
d j,odaO,Oe rD:vmhrAof: tofwif: wlofse
aOwSrf;wgyf,serj:vl:/
3. vmh:wSrf;udIdbj,odaO,Oe zmh,wh:sv; zmh,rmef; pAwf:pkdof
ySuf,uefOmif:vmif:sevl:
wgef;udIdbj,odaO,Oe Okwf:eh.bof;/
7. wgef;ouf.uB = wlef;uGmrf:
1. ouf.uBacj;xmrf = ar;cGef;0gus
2. ouf.uBacj;ymuf;xmrf = jiif;qkdar;cGef;0gus
3. ouf.uBq[.zdwf;Mif. = apckdif;wkdufwGef;0gus
4. ouf.uBymuf; = jiif;y,f0gus
5. ouf.uBpmrf;wyf. = wm;jrpf0gus
6. ouf.uBbgef:Ol:sv;acj;vj, = qkawmif;? usdefqJ0gus
7. ouf.uBtkyrj, = Oyrm0gus
8. ouf.uBacj;qD.ySif;uof, = wkduf½kdufajym0gus
9. ouf.uBacj;Okdof; = ½kd;½kd;0gus
1. ouf.uBacj;xmrf
]]vmh ? se,? pj.? pkdof? pkdof.? uj;pkdof? qldif.pkdof?
qldof.pkdof? z[? v[? tefv[? Oif? tD;Oif? qkdifoj;? qgif:oj;}}
qldof:eh. wj,awuyf:Okdyf, ouf.uBacj;xmrfbof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1. qmh:crf: r[:rD:idkef: vmhymuf,/
2. emif:tgef,eh.auj; awuGj,ygh:bl,se,/
3. qmh:qmh: awuGj,Nif:pAef:pj./
4. qmh:qmh: r[:awuGj,qgrf:pof:pkdof/
5. qmh:qmh: r[:awudefcof;pkdof./
6. yyf.vduf;r[: vh;yefuj;pkdof/
7. awpAwf:qldif.pkdof P;ayj:imh;q[/
8. yyf.vduf;tefv[ yAefcgifqmh:qmh:/
9. r[:awuGj,v[/
10. yAefz[ udefcof;bl,/
11. emif:emif: pAwf:Oifbl,/
12. qmh:qmh: udef tD;Oif/
13. qkdifoj; qmh:qmh: uGj,ygh:/
14. qgif:oj; r[:yAefyl,su,/
vmh:wSrf;zmh,rmef; rD:OgifrAof:
(u) tar;yk'fryg ]]avm? vm;}} a&;enf;/
(c) tar;yk'fyg ]]vJ? enf;? wkH;}} a&;enf;/
(u) tar;yk'fryg a&;enf;

1/ oifxrif;qmovm;/ (avm)
2/ cifAsm;wkdY rEÅav;ukd oGm;Murvm;/ (rnfavm)
3/ armifarmif oif xrif;pm;NyD;NyDvm;/
4/ reufjzef tarwkdY a&mufMurnfvm;/
(c) tar;yk'fygaom ar;cGef;0gus

1/ rnfolonf pmar;yGJ atmifoenf;/ (ovJ)
2/ b,fESpfem&D xkd;NyD;NyDvJ/ (enf;)
3/ b,fESpfem&D xkd;NyDwkH;/
4/ tarwkdY b,frSm (tb,frSm) wnf;ckdMurvJ/
5/ tarwkdY b,frSm (tb,frSm) wnf;ckdMurnfenf;/
6/ tarwkdY b,frSm (tb,frSm) wnf;ckdMurnfwkH;/
7/ uRefawmfwkdY b,faeY oGm;MurvJ/
8/ tarwkdY b,fawmh a&mufMurSmvJ/
2. ouf.uBymuf;xmrf
acj;ymuf; + xmrf jiif;qkd + ar;cGef;
trf,q[; + pj. r[kwfbl; + vm;/ (avm)
trf,uGK, + pkdof roGm;bl; + vm;/ (avm)
trf,udef + pkdof. rpm;bl; + vm;/ (avm)
trf,egef: + se, rtdyfbl; + vm;/ (avm)
wD;wgif: = wD;zhm,vif ]]trf, -- }}eh. tofudIdbj,

tefv[rj:O[,auj;vh; vmwf;vh;? wSrf;vh;bof;/
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1. qmh:qmh: trf,uGj,wD;Nif:pAef:pj./
armifarmif ausmif;ukd roGm;bl;vm;/
2. bdif:vj. trf,wSrf;vduf;pj./
rvS pmra&;bl;vm;/
3. ugyf;Oif qldof:Ol trf,udefcof;/
cifAsm;wkdY bmaMumifh xrif;rpm;MuwmvJ/
3. ouf.uBqF.zdwf;Mif.
]]sv;? vl? ej;? vlej;? apej;? vj;}} qldof:eh.
uyf:O[,ouf.uB q[.zdwf;Mif.bof;/
zmh,rmef;
]]avmh? prf;? yg? ygOD;? yg&ap? ygap? pkdY ? &rnf? &r,f}}
qldof:eh. oh.qyf:zmh,vifudIdbj,aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1. tgefuefcwf:q[sv;/
tpGrf;ukef BudK;pmMuavmh/ tpGrf;ukef BudK;pm;Muyg/
2. tofcgef.rj:vl:/
'kwfoGm;,lprf;/ 'kwfoGm;,lyg/
3. qmh:qmh: r[:rj:urf:ekdif;vl:/
armifarmif rif;cP vmprf;yg/
4. qmh:tgef, r[:uGj,rguf, P;sr;Olvlej;/
nDav; rif;wkdYtarukd oGm;ajymvkdufygOD;/
5. pSef:cof; yefP;tl;Olspej;/
rif;wkdYtazukd xrif;yGJ jyifay;vkdufyg/
6. uGj,vj; uGj,z[:z[:/
oGm;acs/ jrefjrefoGm;prf;/
7. O[,J pof:awOgefaej;/
oifwef; pMupkdY/
8. r[:awvh;uGj,tdlof;/
rif;oGm;&rnf/
acj;q[. auj.wD;Omrf
P; -------- sv;/ ---------- ygap/
P; -------- vl:/
P; -------- tdwf:ekdif;/
1. P;vkuf;tgef,egef:sv;/ uav;tdyfaeygap/
2. P;ref:uGj,vl:/ oloGm;ygap/
3. P;qmh:qmh:rj:wD;uofvl:/ armifarmifukd ighqDvmygvkdYajymprf;/
4. rguf,P;sr;pof: Olif,clof:rj: tdwf:ekdif;cj;/
uRefawmf tarukd ypönf;ykdYay;zkdY ajymay;prf;yguG,f/
4. ouf.uBymuf;
trf,pAwf: = rvkyfbl; (ay) (acs)
trf,uGj, = roGm;bl; (ay) (acs)
trf,pAwf:vh; = rvkyfEkdifbl; (ay) (acs)
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:
1. qmh:qmh: trf,uGj, wD;Nif:pAef:/
armifarmifonf ausmif;odkY roGm;acs/ (bl;? yg? ay)/
2. vduf;eh. uofcj; wSrf;trf,q[;vlif/
'Dpmukd uRefawmfa&;wm r[kwfbl;/
3. sr;pof: bif:trf,rj:/ uRefawmf tar rvmyg/
]]trf,Ol;? trf,ayj:? trf,yh,}} wD;vguf:yof, zmh,vif

Omrfacj;eh. ayj:O[,yef udIdbj,eh qldof:eh.auj; yAefrj: acj;
ymuf;bof;/ tduf,Orf. ]]trf,q[;}} wD;vguf:yof,eef. ayj:O[,
yefemrf, aOtefaOtef ayj:eh yAefrj:acj;ymuf;eif,uof,
bof;/
wlofse
1. qmh:qmh:eh. trf,Ol; (trf,ayj:Ol;) wlnf:iof:wlif./
armifarmifonf ½kyf&Sifukd odyfrMunfhyg/
2. erf.eh. trf,ayj:udef/
þa&onf raomufavmufyg/
3. qmh:qmh: trf,yh,vkuf./
armifarmif rxao;yg/
4. emif:crf:ref;eh. trf,q[;sr;pmif./
eef;a&TMunfonf wpfckvyf r[kwfyg/
5. ouf.uBpmrf;wyf.
wj,P;ayj:yAef ]]udIdbj,}}pmrf;wyf.eef. zmh,ej;udIdbj,
wif:OAif; tofacj; ]]bj,? bj,ay? trf,vh;? trf,wyf.?
trf,vlof,}}qldof:eh. aOtefaOtef O[,yefeh yAefrj:
acj;pmrf;wyf.bof;/
zmh,wh: zmh,rmef;
bj,pAwf: rvkyfESifh
bj,ayuGj, roGm;ESifh
trf,vh;egef: rtdyf&
trf,wyf.vmwf; ajymp&mrvkdyg
trf,vlof,wSrf; a&;p&mrvkdyg? ra&;&/
1. qmh:qmh: r[: bj,pAwf:pmh./

armifarmif oifraumif;wmukd rvkyfESifh/
2. emif:emif: r[:bj,ayuGj, tmyf,erf.rmof:/
eef;eef; oifonf a&TvDjrpfwGif a&oGm;rcsdK;ygESifh/
3. r[:trf,vlof,vmwf; cldof:yldef;/
olrsm;taMumif;ukd rif;ajymp&mrvkdyg/
4. r[:trf,wyf.xAifuof/
ighukd rjiif;ygESifh/ ighukd jiif;p&mrvkdyg/
acj;pmrf;wyf. auj.wD;Omrf
ayj:cfG;q[.auj.ekdif; pmrf;wyf.wmif,auj.eh ]]bj,P;}}
tofwlofeh. bl,zmh,ej; udIdbj,aO wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
zmh,rmef;sw.qkdif tof ]]ap? ESifh}} eh. uyf:O[,zmh,vif
udIdbj,pmrf;wyf.ayj:eh yAefrj:acj;pmrf;wyf. auj.wD;Omrfbof;/
wlofseref:
1. bj,P; vkuf;tgefcof arj:/
uav;rsm;ukd rqlnHapeJY/
2. bj,P;vkuf;tgef,cof tmyf,erf. wD;erf.rmof:/
uav;awGukd a&TvDjrpfrSm a&rcsdK;ygapESifh/
3. bj,P;vkuf;tgef,cof ckdef;wlef;rh./
uav;rsm;ukd opfyifay: rwufygapESifh/
6. ouf.uBbgef:Ol: sv; acj;vj,

* vmh:wSrf;Ogiftef
1. cSef:awj; + uwf.wj:/ (trf,eef) uwf.wj: +
cSef:awj; ---- aOurf:/
2. P; + uwf.wj: (umrf,) ---- aOurf:/
zmh,rmef; = zmh,vifudIdbj, ul;teftefeef. ayj:
tofwlof ]]apownf;? apaomf? ygapygvkd\? apom;}} qldof:eh.
O[,eh yAefrj: acj;Ol:bgef:sv;acj;vj,bof; ]]ap&J}} acj;eh.
sw.qrf: q[.wD;acj;vj, urf;erfbof;/
wlofseref:qrf:
1. Owf.woj,wif:OAif; cSef:awj; P;umif:vgwf;cAefaOurf:/
P;umif:uh wmif:rh;qFaOurf:/ P;umif: wmif:cmefqFaOurf:/
P;uwf:bAefaOurf:/
owå0gtm;vkH; ab;&efuif;ygap? aMumifhMuuif;ygap/
qif;&Jjcif;uif;ygap? csrf;omMuygap/
2. cSef:awj; P;tl;pof: bl,vDudefomefaOurf:/

P;tl;pof: bl,vDudefomefaOurf:/
'kdYtbonf usef;rmcsrf;om ygapom;/
3. ugyf;wmif:vDtefeh.sv; P;vh;Mwf;xkdif edyf.ymef,aOurf:/
þaumif;rIukokdvfaMumifh edAÁmef a&muf&ygap/
ouf.uBacj;vj,
1. P;ref: wluf:ij;Ihm:aOurf:/
ol i&J usygap/
2. P;r[:wmhqj. aOurf:/
rif;aojcif;qkd;ESifh wkd;ygap/
3. P;wmhurf:vAofvj; ayj:uofvh;oj;/
csufcsif;ao&ap&JU uRefawmfajymrd&if/
7. oufuBtkyrj,
e[:ouf.uBtkyrj,eh. rD:oh.Ogiftef/ (1) tkyrj,e -
cldif;se tefyldef;N.wif:erf/ (2) tkyarb cldif;vh;tof
wSuf; wloftofwSuf; tefyldef;trf,N.quf:erf ehbof;/
wlofwSuf;ref:
ej;emif:emif:eh. qkdef;vDej, ayj:eif, vldefrlef:
bof;/ e[:eh. vldefrlef:eh. yldef;N.quf:erfsv; yAef
tkyrj,/ ej;emif:emif:eh. yldef;N.quf:at,sv; yAef
tkyar,b wloftofwSuf;bof;/
rD;vmh:wSrf;Ogifbldif;
vmh:wSrf;rhmekdif;
]]rldefeif,? qldif.eif,? imh:eif,? ayj:eif, zSifeif,?
bldif;eif,}} qldof:eh. yAefacj;qD. tkyrj,eaO oh.zmh,ej;
tkyrj,e cldif;sebof;/
wlofsewlef;uGmrf:ref:qrf:
1. ej;tgef,emif:emif:eh. cgif,vSifbl, ayj:eif, rguf,uhm:vof:bof;/
rav;&JU rsufESmonf ESif;qDyef;uJhokdY(vkd) teDa&mifoef;ae\/
2. ej;Tzj:yAefqof;eh. vDrkif;vDbAif: ayj:rldefeif,vldefrlef:bof;/
3. erf.eh. ckef,bl, qlid f.eif, vdefvSifbof;/
a&onf ajreDuJhokdY aemufusKae\/
4. cAwf,eh. arjeif;ugif,bgif, imh:eif, Omif,OD;eif;bof;/
zg;onf jcaoFhxkdifaeouJhokdY aqmifhaMumifhxkdif\/
vmh:wSrf;rmhOgif
e[:vmh:wSrf;rmhOgifeh. rD;oh.Ogifouf.uBbof;/ ouf.uBNofej;
yAefouf.uB tkyrj,eaO ouf.uBvke d f:(wkwdb) Orf.yAefouf.uB
tkyar,bbof;/ wD;Nofej;ouf.uB tkyar,beef. awvh;tof
]]awj;eif,}}wlofeh. q[.wkdof:bof;/
1. Omif,OD;eh. arjeif;ugif,bgif,bof;/ awj;eif,eef cAwf,
eh.auj; arjeif;bof;/
2. eluf.bmif:eh. cmofOkwf,vkwf,oh. wif:wlofbof;/ awj;eif,
eef Oj,eldof.emif:tgef,eh.auj;cmofOkwf,vkwf,oh.bl,bof;/
3. umifpmofeh. cAofOgrf,oh.qdof:idof:bof;/ awj;eif,eef erf.

ymif,vmh,eh.auj; cAofOgrf,oh.eif,uof,bof;/
zmh,rmef; = ]]uJhokdY ? ovkd ? vkd}} vh;tofacj;qldof:eh.
aOwlofaOwlof bl,qyf:zmh,vif tkyrj,eaO
wSrf;vmwf;bof;/
8. ouf.uBacj;qD.ySif;uof,
acj;uGmrf:ulef:auj.ekdif; tefref:vmwf;uGj,bof.eef.
eif,pkdof auj.xgrf,ayj:awcof;q[eef. tefckdef:ch;vmwf;se
ySif;eif,auj.iof;iof; ch;vmwf;seeef. Mif.oj; acj;qD.ySif;uof,
ehbof;/
uwf.wj: + vmwf;oj;[rguf,oj;? ch;seoj;] + uGmrf:auj.yxr
1. tl;pof: rguf,oj; ]]P;r[:yguf;ckdef:Ndef:}} ehtldof;/
'kdYtazu ajymvkdufw,f ]]rif;tdrfjyefygvkdY}}/ ]]rif;tdrfjyefygvkdY}}
'kdYtazu ajymvkdufw,f/
3. cl:Ogefvmwf;oj; ]]ayj:r[:cwf:q[eh r[:awvh;xD.ekdif;
tldof;}} ehoj;/
q&muajymvkdufw,f ]]tu,fí rif;BudK;pm;&if yxr&Ekdif
owJhuG,f}}/
4. rldof;oef:ekdif; rjvdefwlofekdif;eh. oSefqmyf,tof rmuf,rlif;
aO ugyf;trf,ckdwf:sv; vmwf;oj; ]]rmuf;rlif;eh. Olrf;ej,
sw.vlif}}oj;eh ymh;uGj,bof;/
waeYwGif ajracG;wpfaumifonf o&ufyifay:u o&ufoD;ukd
ckef[yfvkduf&m rrSDojzifh ]]þo&ufoD; odyfcsOv f Gef;w,f}}[lí
qkdNyD; zJoGm;av\/
9. ouf.uBacj;Odkof;
ouf.uBacj;Okdof;tefoj;eh. yAefouf.uB tefvgwf;aO
qldof:ylef.rj:ySwf,qldof.eef.bof; yAefacj;uGmrf:yhOkdof;Okdof;bof;/
1. tmh;qmh:eh. uGj,wD;Nif:pAef: rldof;umife[/
armifarmifonf ausmif;okdY reuftcsdefwGif oGm;\/
2. qmh:crf:bD<eh. yAefcl:Ogefauj.ekdif;bof;/
armifcrf;,Donf ausmif;q&mwpfa,muf jzpf\/
3. sr;pof: pkifcof;zuf: wD;Ndef:bl,/
'kdYtaronf tdrfrSm xrif;[if; csufae\/
wgef;ouf.uB Okwf:eh.bof./
8. wgef;zkduf:ydef,zj,Oj,
edwj,e
wgef;eh. awseuGj, vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,vl:ugef,/ yldifvlifref:
oh.wh:? rmef;? tdif:udwf: yAefbF,aO awOyf:vSif:uefuGj,/ zhm,
yj,vdauj; yj:oh.tdwf:tdwf:bl,/
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,eh. yAefumuf,aOj: wj,P;ygif,qFql:uef
zj,Oj,ekdif;sv;zj,Oj,ekdif;bof;/ tefarjvmwf; zj,Oj,erfeh.
qmif;pAwf:P; zgef:vDwif:erf? N.arjvmwf; zj,Oj,Nrf;yldef;aO
yAeftefurf.qgh; eF:ej;umefyhm:rmuf;rD:bof;/ yAefwmif:urf.wmif:qgh;
wj,qof;uof, vh;N.vh;qdrf:tIOj, vduf;vhm:yldef; qldof:ckdef;bF,
eef.bof;/
yldifvlifref:qrf. cF;P; qldof:rD:oj,Oej, cF;ydef,zj,Oj,cof
N.vgif;vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, vDvDaO awrD:erf.uwf. xmif,pmif;cF;ydef,
cF;wSrf;aOsv; yAefrj: auj.rD:wmif:xlyf:erf – bdef.bF, eF:vgif;
ydef,vduf;ydef,vhm:bof;/ tefpof:awvh;ydef,yAefuGj, zhm,wh:eh.
vrf,vgif;ej,/ ugyf;oj; yyf.vgif;xrf,rvF? zhm,avj:uvF zhm,wh:pof:
bif:wkduf.awvh; vkuf.wD; XOkef - 0C eh.aO cyf.ckdifydef,wSrf;
auj,Omif; P;vduf;vhm:pof: ckdef;uGj, eef.bof;/
zl;wSrf;vduf; bkrf,brfoj; XXwh:pof: rD:qef.xmef;vduf;?
rD:vhm:vduf; - Owf.wj, Grammar wef:ckdwf:yldef;aO ukrf.qgh;xSrf
vh; eF:vgif;ydef,zj,Oj,vDvD xdkifwD;bl,CC eh.bof;/ ugyf;Oifsv;
pwf:oj;eh ugyf;oj; zl;wSrf;vduf; rD:wmif:wlofxlyf:rj:aO N.oj;
pof:rD:vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, wSwf;awj:vD? Orf.qmif;Oyf:vSif:seuef
vh;? rSif,uefvh; qgrf:eif, vhm: Grammar-Owf.wj, rD:eef.bof;/
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,
zhm,wh: zhm,rmef; zhm,tdif:
oj,qif,u Ogh;uGmrf:uof;bldif;
1. emrf,
2. wmifemrf,
3. odzwf. emrf,
4. ejrodaOOe - acj;pmif;cldif;emrf,
5. udIdbj,
6. udIdbj,odaOOe - acj;pmif;cldif;udIdbj,
7. Orf,yef,x - acj;qmif;uyf:
8. acj;wkdef,
9. acj;qdrf
Ogh;uGmrf: rD:uof;bldif;bof;/ ugyf;Oifsv; pof:wkdof:Ogh;uGmrf:
tefref:rldefuefwif: Eight Parts of Speech eef.vj,/ wj,
awvh; Mif.oj; Xwlef;C eef. tD;Oifauj;bof. awvh;rD: udif,Ogh;-cj<
ref: yj:qgrf:oh./ pmuf;ref:? vrf:ref:? udif,cj<ref:? zldofref:qldof:
eh. rj:Nrf;uefaO pof:Mif.oj; Xwlef;rh. - wlef;rh.yluf,? rh.rgifC
qj.uGj,/ Ogh;tefoj;eh. ref:wkdef:yAef cldif;uyf:wlef;bof;/ trf,yj:
trf,rD:/ awj;vhm:eh wj,awyAefrj: acj;uGmrf: tefqF.wkdof:bl, eF:ul;
zj,Oj,uGmrf:vmwf;eef. awvh;tofOgh;uGmrf: rj:uyf:qyf:uefaO
auj,yAef wlef;uGmrf: - ouf.uB - sentence rj:bof;/
uj;yAefwlef;uGmrf: awvh;yj: udif,Ogh;uGmrf: wif:uof;tefsw.
trf,qF;eif,uof,/ wD;nmrf.at,Okwf:ref: awvh;yj: Ogifudif,Ogh;
qldif.eif,oj; Xuof uGj,? uof udefCeh/ uof udef cof;eh. rD:oh. Ogh;uGmrf:
Omrftef/ tefeh. yAefzj,Oj,wh:pof:ulnf:/ tdif:udwf:auj; rdlef
uef/ zhm,rmef;sw. ig xrif; pm;\^w,f eh rD:Ogh;uGmrf: Omrf

tef/ ayj:wSrf;oj; ]igonf xrif;ukd pm;\} eh rD:Ogh;uGmrf: OD,tef=
emrf,? odzwf.emrf,? udIdbj,? odzwf. udIdbj,eh OD,bldif; tefNrf;
uef/ ayj:tofyj,vdoj;qkdif rD:Ogh;uGmrf: OD,tef rldefwif: rmef;bof;/
ulnf:uj; awrldefueful;wD; qldif.eif,serj:eh.sw. trf,qF;eif,
uof,/ ayj:qof;uof, vAyf;pAef:wlnf: vhm:ydef,zj,Oj,vF? Owf.wj,
rmef;? tdif:? yj,vdvF wuf:awarjqSuf,uGj, pif:ulnf:vh;bl,/
zl;wSrf;Owf.wj,eh.sw. pefxkdifoj; zhm,wh:pof: rD:Ogh;uGmrf:
uof;bldif;cldif;qF.? ayj:qF. ukrf,xlef;vh; eF:uGmrf:wh:pof:? zj,Oj,uGmrf:
vmwf; pof:bl,ehbof;/ zhm,rmef;sw. awrD: 9_10 bldif;sv;
zhm,tdif:udwf. Orf.rD: 8 bldif; trf,yj:acj;qdrf/ zhm,yj,vdsw. rD:yw
vlif 4 bldif; = ej,r? tjcBjw? tkyOufu? edyjw [emrf,? udIdbj,?
tkyOuf.u? edyj,w {wh:= tkyOufu wif: edyjw Mif.oj; acj;qdrf}]
OD,bldif;qldof:eh.bof;/
wmifemrf wif: ej,rodaOOe cof;yj:eF:qkrf:ekdif;/
Orfyefx-acj;qmif;uyf: - conjunction ? odzwf.? wif:udIdbj
odaOOe sv;wif:wmif,qldof: teftrf,vSef;uyf: ywrj,vj,vh;1
cof;yj:eF:qkrf:OD,bof;/2
tefvh;tofwif: Ogh;uGmrf: cgifvhmcldof:aO wSuf;wD:uefeh.
ugyf;oj; ref:vrf,vgif;aO Orf.cF;P;N. vhm:wSuf;wD:uefsv; qif,
ayj:vh;wSrf;seuef? Oyf:vSif:seuefwD;eh.bof;/
1
uj;yAefemrf, wuf:vh;vSef;qgrf: odzwf. Odyf:OD,tefaO szyAefwj,vhmwlof
qldif.eif, [1. ykIdaOj? ykIdOj 2. ykIdO>? ykIdaO 3. ykIdaOe? ykIdaOpd_rd 4.
ykIO
d OfO? ykIO d je> 5. ykIOd Orj? ykIO d rfrj? ykIdOj? ykIdaOpd_rd 6. ykIdOOfO?
ykIO
d je> 7. ykIdOOrd >? ykIO d rfp?d ykIdaO? ykIdaOOk 8. azj ykIdO? zgefawj
ykIdOj] Od abj? t> abj? ejpd Oe>? Orjpd Oe>? Ord > Ok odzwf. 14 tef/
zhm,ej; atuoqef? zhm,vif yHoqef/
2
New Pali Course, P.3
rldof;tefauj.ekdif; awsw,pAwf:umef wSrf;ydef,zj,Oj,eh.

xkuf,vDvh;N.qgrf: vhm:Owf.wj, cgifzj,Oj,pof:sv; cgif;zj,Oj,yldef;
tefqof;uof,vlduf;oh.eef.bof;/ ayj:ulnf: N.zj,Oj,aO Orf.trf,
N.vhm:Owf.wj,qkdif ref:bmyf,wj,awyAefrj: acj;ydef,cSrf. tef
ygif,qFvDuefaO Orf.awtrf,yef wmif:pmef.qF eldofvduf;qof;uof,
ydef,bof;/ ayj:yAefeh ref:trf,qmif;yef rD:bdef.oj,Oej, wSrf;
ydef,zj,Oj,vh;/ umeftefvFauj;vDbof. rldof;vF qof;uof,uwf.cSef,?
uBmif,vlif.vDrj:ugef, pof:qif,awqmif;cof;qFaO rD:oj,Oej, rD:
bdef.vh;bof;/ umefydef,pAef:zj,Oj,eh. ref:uAof,uyf:uef zhm,N.
pef vhm:Owf.wj,sw.sw./ ygh,ySwf; wmif:N.Owf.wj,eh.aO ref:
trf,rD:vhm:Oyf:vSif:seuef? ulnf:awvh;ydef,qgrf: ySif;eif,
qof;uof,ygif,qFvh; eef.ulnf:bof;/
vhm:ydef,vduf;eh. wD;uSyf;ref: rD:Ogifbldif;/ tefekdif;eh.
ydef,qgrf:eif, qof;uof,ygif,qF/ vhm:trf,qgrf:wlef;uGmrf:- sentence
uyf:wmrf:uefuGj,/ vhm:qluf:pmif,bkuf.bmif,aO ydef,uGj,sv; trf,qmif;
tofacj;rkef:[vgif;wmif:-facts]ref: cyf.wmrf:rldefqgrf:vh; rldefeif,
yyf.iof;[vduf;yldef;rD:oh.] tefpof:tdifeef.bof;/ ref:qmif;yAefrj:
vh; acj;rkef:wmif:wF; rj:bl,zhm,eldof? zhm,eldof uGj,yAefwmif:wF;bl,/
qif,oj; ref:yAefuGj, vhm:qluf:pmif,bkuf.bmif,bof;/
vhm:ydef,xSif; tefekdif;qrf: ydef,qgrf:ul;wlef;uGmrf: uyf:
wmrf:uefuGj, qgrf:vhm:Owf.wj,pof:bof;/ ugyf;ehsv; vhm:ydef,tef
eh. ref:trf,tofacj;rkef:cof (facts) cmrf;uef bl,ygwf:wF; ygwf:
eldof/ ref:wdkef:cyf.wmrf:uefvDaO uAyf:tofvhm;acj;rkef: [vgif;
wmif:] ukrf,xlef;vDbof;/ wD;eh. ayj:trf,N. vhm:Owf.wj, wif:Ogif
zhm,[yldef;? pof:]ayj:eh ref:trf,qmif;uGj,vh;/ ayj:ulnf:N.cgifyldef;
[zhm,yldef;]aO trf,N.zhm,pof:eh ref:awj.sw.vh;aOwj. ref:
awrldefeif, avj.rD:rmuf,avj.zhm,vAofeef.sv; awuGj,bmyf,bl,
bof;/
vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, teffawOyf:vSif:uefuGj,eh. awtdifeldof

wmif:N.Owf.wj,aO Oyf:vSif:qgrf:Ogh;uGmrf:uof;wgef;[bldif;] uGj,aO
ugef,/ ulnf:uj; awtofwD;uSyf;uSyf;aO Oyf:vSif:seuef rldefeif,
pof:ayj:N.oh. Owf.wj,zhm,ekdif;eef.ugef,/
[1] wgef;emrf, sv; [2]wmifemrf,

zl;tefayj:N. vhm:Owf.wj,zgif;bof.eh.sw. ayj:N.vgif;
emrf,? wmifemrf,bof.sv; trf,Oyf:vSif:secofbof;/ ayj:yh,N.eh
cSef:awj; vAyf;pAef:Owf.wj,wh: rldof;yD 1980 sv; Owf.wj,wh: +
jrefrmo'´g rdlof; 1988 wj./
[3] wgef;odzwf.emrf,
odzwf.emrf,eh. rD:uGj,
1. odzwf. uwf.wj:
2. odzwf. urf<
3. odzwf. acj;qhg; - karana - tokH;cHjyyk'f
4. odzwf. acj;pyf. - sampadAna - vufcHjyyk'f
5. odzwf. acj;tguf, - apAdAna - xGufcGg&mjyyk'f
6. odzwf. uyf:cgifqof; - sAmi - ykdifqkdifjcif;jyyk'f
7. odzwf. acj;sewD; - okAsa - ae&mjyyk'f
8. odzwf. seukduf:uef - sahAdiyoga - ,SOfwGJjyyk'f
9. odzwf. acj;vlduf;xgef - niddhAraBa
- xkwfaqmif&mjyyk'f
10. odzwf. ykef;qof; - tadattha sampadAna
- &nfpl;csufjyyk'f
11. odzwf. secmof:wmif:? bmrf: - accanta saMyoga
- tcsdefqufwkdufjyyk'f
eF:uGmrf:wh:pof:eh. ref:auj; wkdef:rD:Ozj,o odzwf. wif:

emrf, ukduf:uefbl,/ ulnf:oj; rldof;pof:yh,vAyf;pAef: zj,Oj,uGmrf:pof:
eef. pof:trf,N.oj; tefvFyAefemrf,? yAefodzwf.aO cofOrf.
yAefrj: acj;Oif? yWOif qldif.eif,wSrf;seoh. zhm,wmif:eldofeh./
rmifwD; rmifacj;auj; trf,qF.odzwf.yj:/ rmifwD;auj; ayj:trf,yj:
odzwf.eh ref:wkdef:oj; trf,qmif;yefygif,qFvh;vj:vj:bof;/
zj,Oj,tdif:auj; awj;rldefeh wD;teftrf,yj:odzwf.auj; rD:wif:erf
bl,/ ugyf;trf,yj:odzwf.sv; ref:auj; trf,bmyf, wj,awN.oj;
yAefacj;Oif? yWOif/ yldifvlifref: vlof,P;wD;bl, wlef:uGmrf:pof:
P;rSef;cgifzj,Oj,pof:ulnf:bof;/ ref:ygif,qFvh;bl,/
wlofbmif,ref:qrf. qhm:qhm: udef cof;/ tefeh. yduf.oj;
ref:trf,yj: odzwf.auj; vgif;oj; cofyAef acj;yWOifeheef.
pof:N.qSif;vDej,bof;/ "I eat rice" zhm,tdif:auj; trf,yj:odzwf./
XXrF: awuGj, ql: cl:Ogefpj.`CC acj;eh. ayj:wSrf;oj; XXrF: awuGj,
cl:Ogefpj.`CCeh trf,ygif,qFvD/ ayj:yj:odzwf.Xql:Ceh. qif,aw
ygif,qFvD/ ugyf;ehsv; ayj:ref:ygif,qFvDeh? oh.wD;tgif;rmef,eh
pof:qmif;qSuf,N.vh; cofyAefyWOif? acj;Oifeheh.bl,/ Oifqldof.oj;
trf,oh.wD;bl,ref: rSef;cgifzhm,pof: qldif.eif, XXcof; udef uof? uof
cof; udefCC ayj:eh ref:trf,yefygif,qF ugyf;oj; ref:trf,qgrf:wlef:
Ozj,ouGmrf:pof:bof;/ ugyf;rD:vgif;qldif.ehsv; tgif;bl, vgif;oh.
acj;uGmrf: eF:wlef:uGmrf:ref: vrf,vgif;ej,/ trf,qF;oj; ulnf:aw
vh;N.ygif,qF cgifpof:ulnf:/ awvh;N.qgrf:yj: wlef:uGmrf:ydlef;? Ozj,o
yldef;ugef,bof;/ ayj:ehqgif, ref:qif,awihm;qFpof: rldof;pof:ydef,
zj,Oj,bof;/
wD;eh. cF;Zmif.xkdif zl;vAyf;pAef:cofwif:vhm vgif;oj; bj,oh.
rofrmif wD;bl,acj;uGmrf:? yW tefserj: odzwf.sv;emrf, trf,
eef yW[11] qldof:eef.wj./ tefpof:bdyf:wkdof: trf,bdyf:wkdof:
ul;wD;eef. trf,qF;yAefyefpj/
ayj:yAefyj,vdqkdif acj;yW teftrf,yj:odzwf. wkdef:

trf,rD:/ ulnf:rD: tkyOj,I wif:edyj,wyWcof urf;zgif;ulnf:
trf,yj:odzwf./
wSuf;wD:uef zhm,wh:? rmef;? tdif: qgrf:yW – cases

1. qhm:qhm: udef cof;/ S + V + O
armifarmifonf xrif;ukd pm;\/ S+O+V
John eat rice. S+V+O
3
2. qhm:qhm: uGj, Nif:pAef: _ wD;Nif:pAef:/ S+V+P
a) qhm:qhm: uGj, ql: cl:Ogef/
armifarmifonf ausmif;okdY oGm;\/ S+P+V
John goes to school. S+V+P
b) qhm:qhm: ayj. rj/ S+V+O
armifarmifonf acG;ukd ½kduf\/ S + O + V
John beats the dog. S+V+O
3. qhm:qhm: tofcgef. ayj. rj/ S + A4 + V + O

armifarmifonf acG;ukd 'kwfjzifh ½kduf\/
S + O + A + V / S+A+O+V
John beats the god with a stick.
S+V+O+A
4. qhm:qhm: yef wmif:udef emif:emif:/ S + V + O + D5

qhm:qhm: yef wmif:udef wD;emif:emif:/
qhm:qhm: yef wmif:udef P;emif:emif:/
3
Adverb of Place in English. a&S;½I&mjyyk'f? wD;Ol,ql: [trf,qF;urf<]
4
Ablative of instrument
5
Dative - qwkwfxD [OrfyWje] ? acj;pyf. - vufcHjyyk'/f
armifarmifonf eef;eef;tm; pm;p&mukd ay;\/
S+D+O+V
armifarmifonf pm;p&mukd eef;eef;tm; ay;\/
S+O+D+V
John gives fruit to Marry. S + V + O + D
John gives Marry the fruit. S + V + O + O
5. qhm:qhm: vkuf.wD;Nif:pAef: uGj, Ndef:/ S + A + V + P

qhm:qhm: vkuf.wD;Nif:pAef: uGj, wD;Ndef:/
armifarmifonf ausmif;rS^u tdrfokdY oGm;\/
S + A6 + P + V
John goes home from school. S + V + P + A
6. yyf.eh. yAef cgifzF/ S + V + P7

þpmtkyfonf b,fol\ pmtkyf jzpfovJ/ S+P+V
Whose book is this? P+V+S
yyf.eh. yAef cgifqhm:qhm:/ S + V + P
þpmtkyfonf armifarmif\ pmtkyfjzpf\/
S + P + C8 + V
This book is John's. S+V+P
This book is John's book. S + V + P + C
7. qhm:qhm: udef cof; wD;Ndef:/ S+V+O+L9

armifarmifonf tdrfrSm ^ ü ^ wGif ^ 0,f xrif;ukd
pm;ae\/ S+L+O+V
John eats meal at home. S+V+O+L
6
Ablative of separation - wD;zmwf,tguf, - xGufcGg&mjyyk'f/
7
Possessive - acj;seuyf:cgifqof; - ykdifqdkifjcif;jyyk'f/
8
Complement - jznfhyk'f
9
Locative Pali / Adverb of place - sewD; - ae&mjyyk'f/
8. qhm:qhm: wif:[sv;? sv;wif:] emif:emif: uGj, Nif:pAef:/

S + A10 + V + P
armifarmifonf eef;eef;ESifh(ESifhtwl?eJY) ausmif;odkY
oGm;\/ S + A + P +V
armifarmifESifh eef;eef;wkdYonf ausmif;okdY oGm;Mu\/
John and Marry go to school. S + A + V + P
9. qhm:qhm:eh. nmef,vDaOyldef;bof. eF:vkuf;pAef: wif:

OAif;/ S + V + S♣
eF:uj;[eF:]vkuf;pAef:cof qhm:qhm: nmef,vDaOyldef;/
S♣ + S + V
ausmif;om;wkdYwGif (teuf? txJrS? txJrSm) –
armifarmifonf ÓPftaumif;qkH; jzpf\/
S♣ + S + V / S + S♣+ V
John is the cleverest of all students. S+V+S♣
John is the cleverest in the class.
10. idkef: ykef;wj,qhm:qhm: yAeftefvF/ S + P♥ + V

armifarmif tzkdY (zkdY? twGuf) ykdufqHonf b,f[mvJ/
P♥ + S + V
Which money is for John? S + V + P♥
tefeh. yAefwj,[ykef;wj,] qhm:qhm:tldof;/ S + V + P♥
þ[monf armifarmifh[m (\ Opöm) jzpfonf/
S+P+V
This is for John. S + V + P♥
10
Ablative of agent – SahAdiyoga - ,SOfwGJjyyk'f – acj;Nrf;ukduf:uef/
♣♣♣♣♣
Superlative Adjective Phrase – òiddhAraBa –
xkwfaqmif&mjyyk'f – acj;sewD;vlduf; xgeftguf,/ [S xSif;
tefekdif; Subject – uwf.wj:/]
♥♥♥♥♥♥
Possession – åadatthasampadAna - &nfpl;jyyk'f – acj;se
ykef;cgifqof;/
11. a) qhm:qhm: cD,vlwf.Zh:uGj, awj,[awj,xkdif] wj;ukif;/

∗
S+V+P
armifarmifonf &xm;jzifh &efukeftxd – (wkdif? wkdif
atmif? wkdifwkdif) oGm;\/ S + A + P + V
John travels up to Yangon by train.
S+V+P+A
11. b) qhm:qhm: pAwf: umef wif:oef:/ S + V + O + A♠

armifarmifonf tvkyfukd waeYvkH; - (waeYywfvkH;?
waeYvkH;vkH;) vkyf\/ S+O+A+V
John works all day. S+V+A
wD;eh. bof.uGj, wgef;odzwf.emrf,bof;/ Orf.cF;Zmif.xkdif

xSif;oj; P;Owdwlnf: P;tgif;ref: Omif,xkuf,uGj,? oh.wD;ref: rSef;uGj,
eF:ul;zj,Oj,wj./ urf:eh. Orf.awOkdyf,uGj, ejrodaOOeugef,/
(4) wgef;ejrodaOOe - acj;pmif;cldif;emrf,

acj;tefurf.pSif:yefemrf,? qgh;? pmif;cldif;P;emrf, ayj:rD:pSif:
yj,oj, rj:vh;eh. Mif.oj; acj;ej,rodaO,Oebof;/ wD;eh.auj;
uGmrf:vmwf;cldof:ekdif;sv;cldof:ekdif; ugyf;ref:trf,rldefuefsv; tgif;bl,
ej,rodaO,Oe wif:emrf, [od + emrf,]auj; ySuf,yldif;oh.bl,bof;/
∗
Adverb of place - ôddhAna aaccantasaMyoga – ae&mquf
wkdufjyyk'f – acj;secmof:wmif:/
♠
Adverb of time – KAla accantasaMyoga – tcsdefqufwkdufjyyk'f –
acj;secmof:rldof;/
1. wlofbmif, - tgif;bl,ej,rodaO,Oewh: XXemrf, + ej,r

odaO,OeCCeh pof:awvh;pefyldifeh. eF:zj,Oj,qmof:cldof:wh: [xh:?
vmof:] bof;/ urf:eh. pof:qmrf:vAyf;pAef:wlnf: acj;oh;Tzj: XXearj
wOfO zUoawj tIpawj OrfrjOrYkwfxOfOCCeh.ugef,/
acj;ygif,ref: ayj:tofuGmrf:wh:oj;qkdif XXuofcj; oh;Tzj:yAefqof;
tefrD:zkif:Nuf:bldif;? tefudkif,pyf.wmif:vl, cgifulef: zD Omif?
tefN.ygif,pefxkdif xrf:Owf.qj,OD,bldif; pif:qof;eef.atj;CC/
wD;brfref: tefref:cF;oj;eef.sw. XXuofcj; oh;Tzj:yAefqof;CC eh
ulnf:/ wD;eh. ugyf;cF;OF, rD,uD: ukef:rkef? acj;bgif;tmrf: wD;Tzj:sv;
qif,OF,yj:rj: XXZUoawj – tefrD:tlrkefNuf:bldif;? tIpawj –
tefukdif,pyf.wmif:vl,cSrf.vD? OrfrjOrfYkWfXOfO – tefN.pef
xrf:Owf.qj,OD,bldif; pif:qof;CC qldof:eh. rj:uyf:OF, wlofTzj:bof;/
ugyf;eefsv; qldof:Omrfacj;eh. Mif.oj; odaO,Oe - acj;pmif;cldif;
ehbof;/
2. wlofbmif,tgif;bl, odaO,Oe zhm,rmef; = odaO,Oe =
emrf,/ qmrf:wlnf:acj;ygif, earj wOfO zhm,rmef;vl:/ ]]bkef;awmf
ajcmufyg;ESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaom? ewf vl jA[®mwkdY\ ylaZmftxl;udkd
cH,lawmfrlxkdufxaom? opömav;yg; jrwfw&m;wkdYukd razgufrjyef
o,rÇLÓPfjzifh ukd,fawmfwkdif odjrifawmfrlxaom xkdjrwfpGm
bk&m;tm; tuREkfyf &Sdckd;yg\/
3. qmrf:wlnf: yj,vdvl: =
earj – uofcj;ckyf.oh;
wOfO – Tzj:yAefqof;eef.atj;/
ZUoawj – tefrD:tlrkefNuf:bldif;
tIpawj – tefukdif,pyf.tofwmif:vl,
OrfrjOrfYkWfXOfO – tefN.pef xrf:Owf.qj,
OD,bldif; pif:qof;/
4. qmrf:wlnf:zhm,tdif:udwf.vl: =
Veneration to the
Exalted one, the Homage-worthy, the Perfectly Self-
Enlightened.
wD;eF: OD,zj,Oj,eh. wlofbmif,rhmekdif; wif:rhmOD, rj:rldef
uefwif:yldifyj,vd XXearj wOfO ZUoawj tIpawj
OrfrjOrfYkwf.xOfOCCeh.bl,/ zhm,rmef; rhmOgifeh. trf,rldef/
vgif;wmif:ySuf, odaO,Oewh: wif:yldef; [yj,vd? rmef;? tdif:]

odaO,Oeeh. yAefcldif;erf.uwf.wif:cef cgifemrf,[ulef:?
Owf:? wlef;rh.sv;cldif;ul;Orf,OSefyldif]bof;/ XXpmif;vDCC pof:qmrf:
ch;qFwlnf: acj;eh.vl:/ ref:wkdef:yAefiof;yuwd yAefayj,rj: pmif:
ref:acjacj/ emif:bdif: pmif;vD? emif:bdif: tefpmif;vD? emif:bdif:
auj.tefpmif;vD Omrfacj;eh. rD:acj;ygif,rldefuef? yAeftefvAofuef
bof;/ wmif:pmif;vDref:eh. trf,qF;oj; pAwf:aOyAef? ref:wkdef:
pmif;vDrj: yj:qArfrldof;uldwf,bof;/
pmif;vD – odaOOe zhm,wh:eh. yAefvh; UdIdbjsv;
ejrodaOOe wif:Ogifbof;/ zhm,rmef;auj; rD:Oazj:qldif.eif,wh:
bl,/ wlofbmif,ref:qrf: -
emif:emif: pmif;vD/ eef;eef;onf vSy\/ = udIdbj/
emif;emif: - Xpmif;vDC - XtefrD:uSrf;vguf:Ceef. rD:bl,wD;
Ndef:/ = odaOOe/
vSyaom- yg;csKdifh&Sdaom eef;eef;onf tdrfrSm &Sd\/
zhm,yj,vdsv;zhm,tdif:udwf.– ref:yAefvh;acj;qgh;? pmif;cldif;?

bgif;abj:yefemrf,ulnf:? trf,yAefvh;udIdbj bl,pif:acj/ ayj:cF;qF.
odaOOe yAefudIdbjuGj,qkdif awvh;tof udIdbj verb to be qgh;yef
bof;/ wlofbmif,ref:qrf: -
OkVlyj emif:emif:ejrduj unfnj aUap oOwd/ [od + emrf,]
emif:emif: pmif;vDeh. bl,wD;Ndef:/
emif:emif: OkVlyj apjwd – emif:emif: pmif;vD/ od + udIdbj/

qF.yj:udIdbjyj: XapjwdC/ OkVlyj apjwd – pmif;vDeh/ awtrf,vh;oj;
Xpmif;vDqrf: yAefbof;Ceh/
zhm,tdif: - Beautiful Marry is in the house. od + emrf/
Beautiful Marry is at home.
emif:emif: tefpmif;vD rD:bl, wD;Ndef:/
Marry is beautiful. (S + V)
emif:emif: pmif;vD/
urf:eh. pof:vh;N.oj; yldifbl,odaOOe wif:emrf, zhm,yj,vd?
rmef;? tdif:udwf:cof rD:oh. odaOOe + emrf, [odaOOe +
odaOOb] qldif.eh/ uAof,vlnf;acj; odaOOe cldif;cef Adjective
of Quality - *kPf&nfjy0daooe eh.aO zhm,yldef; pof:awvh;
N.qgrf:yuf:yldif [od + emrf,] tefeh.bof;/ rldof;ydef,zj,Oj,rj:eef.
pof:awvh;uAyf:tof emrf, tgefwmif:aO qif,cyf.OF, odaOOe
qgrf:zhm,vifbof;/ ugyf;eh zhm,wh: rD:oh.yldif Xemrf, + odaOOeC
ehbof;/ odaOOe rD:tmef,Odyf: tmef,ymuf,auj; trf,yAefOif?
trf,vlof,vh;uGifuj:? zhm,wh:pof:sw. awvh;uAyf:tof Xemrf,Ceh. sw,
tgefwmif:aO cof;ql:odaOOebof;/
yldifbl, odaOOe Nuf:bldif; cgiftdif:udwf.

1. Proper Adjective
Burmese girl, English girl [od + emrf,]
emif:bdif: rmef;? emif:bdif: tdif:udwf: [emrf, + od]
2. Adjective of Quantity [yrj,e]
some rice, some people(little, all, half) [od+emrf,]
cof; urf;zgif;? ulef: rmifqldof: [emrf, + od]
3. Adjective of Number
1, 2, 3, 10, 100, 1000
one man, two men, fifteen men [od + emrf,]
ulef: edkif;auj.? ulef: Ogifauj.? ulef: Odyf:pj;auj.
[emrf, + od]
4. Distributive Adjective [qwf:rSif,]

Each boy, every boy, either boy, neither boy
[od + emrf,]
vkuf;tgef, auj.vFauj.eef.? vkuf;tgef, ull;auj.?
[emrf, + od]
vkuf;tgef, auj.vFtrf,oj;[aOauj.auj.]? vkuf;tgef, auj.
vF awtrf,
5. Demonstrative Adjective [acj;qD.]

This man, that man, these men, those men
[od + emrf,]
ulef: auj.eh.? ulef: auj.eef.? ulef: qldof:eh.? ulef:
qdlof:eef. [emrf, + od]
another man, other men [emrf, + od]
ulef: wmif,auj.? ulef: wmif,qldof: [od + emrf,]
6. Adjective of Quantity [cdlif;cef]

a happy boy, a lazy boy [od + emrf,]
vkuf;tgef, Oldof:auj.ekdif;? vkuf;tgef, cmef.auj.ekdif;
[emrf, + od]
xSif;tefekdif; vDN.oh.vgif;oj; ayj:yAef Adjective Phrase

sv; Adjective Clause zhm,tdif:udwf: vhm:uGj,vhm:yhref: rldefuef
wif:wh:pof:bl,/ tgefvAyf;pAef:uGj, zhm,wF;eh.vlsv;/
Adjective Phrases
1. The Zao Fa was a wealthy man. [od + emrf,]
The Zao Fa was a man + of great wealth. [emrf,+od]
qof;Zj.eh. yAefrj: ulef:+rD:vlif auj.ekdif;/ [emrf, + od ]
apmfbGm;onf csrf;omaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfcJh\/
[od + emrf,]
2. The magistrate was a kind man. [od + emrf,]

The magistrate was a man with kindly nature.
[emrf, + od]
zl;wwf:Odefeh. yAef ulef:rD:qFvDqFimrf: auj.ekdif;/
[emrf, + od ]
w&m;olBuD;onf yifukd,ftm;jzifh Muifemaom vlwpf
a,mufjzpfcJh\/ [od + emrf,]
Adjective Clauses
1. He is the man whom we all respect. [emrf,
+ od ]
ref:eh. yAef auj.tefpof:wif:OAif; eyf.brfauj.
ekdif;bof;/ [emrf, + od ]
olonf uRefawmfwkdYtm;vkH; av;pm;&aom yk*¾Kdvf
wpfa,muf jzpf\/ [od+emrf,]
2. The time when the boat leaves is not yet fixed.

[emrf, + od ]
cmof:bmrf: tefNdof:awtguf,eh. bif:yh,ruf:ref;/
[emrf, + od ]
avSxGufrnfh tcsdefudk rowfrSwf&ao;yg/ [od + emrf,]
3. The doctor has given me medicine which I
must take. [emrf, + od]
arjbj yefrj:bj;bj [P;uof] tefuofawvh;udef/
[emrf, + od]
a'gufwmonf uRefawmfpm;&rnfh aq;ukd ay;\/
[od + emrf,]
4. Give me some food which I may eat. [emrf,+od]

yefuof wmif:udef tefuofawvh;udefeef.vl:/
[emrf, + od]
yefwmif:udefP;uof tefuofawvh;udefeef.vl:/
[emrf, + od]
uRefawmftm; pm;&rnfh tpm;tpmwcsKdUudk ay;yg/
[od + emrf, ]
Participle
11
Present Participle urf;zgif; yAefejrodaOOebof;/
a dying man = ulef: tefqrfwhm
a crying baby = vkuf;tgef, tefph;bl,
a growing boy = vkuf;tgef, tefwkduf.ckdef;bF,
a burning house = Ndef: tefZh:wkduf.rh;
a sinking ship = Ndof: tefwkduf.qlrferf.
He beats a dog barking at a girl.

ref: ayj. rj tefpof,awj, emif:bdif:tgef,/
olonf rdef;uav;ukd a[mifaeaom acG;ukd ½kduf\/
Going to the river the slave sat at the foot of a tree
eating some fruit.
11
English Grammar and Exercises 3, P. 92
The slave, going to the river sat at the foot of a
tree eating some fruit.12
òadiM gacchantA dAsA phalAni khAdantA rukkhassa
mUlaM nisIti.
cj;qF. tefuGj,wD;erf.sr;eh. udefwmif:udefaO eif;bl,wD;
iof;wlef;rh./
Perfect Participle13
Having learnt English, student went back home.
Student having learnt English went back home.
vkuf;pAef: qldof:tefpAef:tdif:udwf.bof.eh. tgefyguf;rldof:uGj,
Ndef:bof;/
t*Fvdyfpm oifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;onf tdrfokdY jyef
oGm;Muavonf/
Past Participle
The branch broken by the elephant fall on the
ground and afterwards your cows ate its leaves.14
Hatthina binnA sAkhA mahiyaM patitvA te gAvIyo tassa
pannAni khAtiMsu.
cj;rh. tefqmif.pmuf:umef.oh.eef. wluf:edldofvdefaO olof:
sr;rF: udefrFrh.eef./
qifonf csKd;tyfaom opfukdif;onf ajray:ü usí oif\
EGm;rwkdYonf xkdopf&uG fwkdYukd pm;cJhMu\/
The book bought by me is on the table.

yyf.vduf; tefuofOkdof.eef. rD:bl,eldofzldef/
uREkfyf 0,fvmaom pmtkyfonf pm;yGJay:rSm &Sdonf/
12
New Pali Courses Part I-II, P. 58
13
enf;opf t*Fvdyfo'´g ESm 420/
14
New Pali Courses Part I-II, P.61
She is reading a book given by her teacher.
ref:emif: vlyyf. tefcl:Ogefref:emif: yefeef.bl,/
olronf olr\ q&mruay;aom pmtkyfukd zwfaeonf/
Noun in Apposition
ayj:tofzhm,wh:oj; acj;qSif;emrf,eh.auj; ref:yj:Oazj:
odaOOeoh.bl,/ wlofbmif,ref:qrf: -
1. Shwedagon, a famous Pagoda, is in Yangon.
Olnf,wukif, - ugif:rl:tefqkdof;OAifbF,eh. rD:wD;eF:oAif:
wj;ukif;/
wefckd;BuD; bk&m;wpfqljzpfaom a&Twd*kHonf &efukefNrdKUrSm
&Sdonf/
2. The Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is

in Himalaya range.
vhgat,oISwf.[pdroef,wj,] – tefOkifaOyldef; eF;urf,Zj,
eh. rD:oh.bl, wD;wlef:vhgpdroef,wj,bof;/
urÇmay:rSm tjrifhqkH;jzpfaom {0&ufawmifonf [dr0EÅm
awmifwef;rSm &Sdonf/
(5) wgef;udIdbj,
urf:eh. awOyf:vSif:uGj, udIdbj,ugef,/ tefpof:awvh;
N.oh.eh. rldefqldif.eif, ykdef:yj,vd? tdif:udwf:? rmef;cof rD;udIdbj
uj,vOmrfbldif;? pof:auj;rD: udIdbj, tefqSif;se uj,v Omrfbldif;/
eif,uof,/ eF:Omrfbldif;eh. udIdbj, tej,uw eh. N.ihm; wSuf,vSif:
aOyldef;? rD:yldifwmhoh./ ayj:tof XawC acj;eh. uyf:OF,udIdbj,
ul;tefeh ref:qSif;seuGj, udIdbj, tej,uwbof;/
udIdbj, Omrfcmof:
1. twD,wrldof;ylef. 2.ywf.qkymef,awj;vAof 3.tej,uwrldof:ej;
zhm.at, udefbof.? udef ? udefbl,? awudef
udefrj:bof.? wkduf.udefbl,?
ayj:udefbof. bif:wkduf.udef?
bif:wkduf.udefbl,
zhm,erf tgefudefbof.? tgefuefudef? awtgefuefudef
tgefuefudefrj:bof.? tgefuefudefbl,?
ayj:tgefuefudefrj:bof. bif:wkduf.tgefuefudef?
bif:wkduf.tgefuefudefbl,
vmh:oh.udIdbj, sv; wD;oh.udIdbj, eF:wlef:uGmrf:wh:pof: pmrf.cfG;

ihm:uef wif:tif:udwf.bl,/ ayj:wmif:rmef;eh ydef;zlef,uefoh./
qgrf:eif, pof:N.eef. yxj,e udIdbj,-udIdbj,yldifvlifref: rD:wD;
trf,eef oh.wD; pmif;uGmrf: sentence. wlnf:ckdef: wD;wgef;odzwf.
aO vAyf;pAef:wlnf:wj.? awvh;pef wmif:ySuf,yldif;uefbl,/
eF:wgef; odzwf. rhmekdif; ? rmhOD, ? rhmqAwf: ? rhmySwf, sv;
rhmOdyf:tAwf: vhm:uGj, vhm:yhcof rldefuef zhm,wh:sv; tif:udwf.bl,
bof;/
zmif. Xbof.C wif: Xbl,C tefqSif;se cmof:bmrf: wj,
udIdbj,eh. pof:vh;pef udIdbj, wif: Xbof.C Xbl,C eh. zmwf,sz
uefoh./ eF:wlef:uGmrf: qldof:eef. ref:yAefOzj,o wlef:wh:bof;/
wlofbmif,ref:qrf.
zmh,st,
1. qhm:qhm: pAwf:umef wD;Ndef: bl,/ [trf,eef XpAwf:umefbl,C
udIdbj+emrf,] ywf.qkymef,
2. rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: pAwf:umefwD;Ndef:bof./ twD,w

rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: pAwf:umefrj: wD;Ndef: bof.bof;/
rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: ayj:pAwf:umefrj: bof.bof;/
zmh,erf
1. qhm:qhm: wif:egif.bdif:ref: tgefuefqgh;ayj;sr;cof pAwf:
umef wD;Ndef:bl,/
qhm:qhm: wif:egif.bdif:ref: tgefuefqgh;ayj;sr;cof pAwf:
umef wD;Ndef:bl,bof;/
2. rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: wif:egif.bdif:ref: tgefuefqgh;ayj;sr;cof

pAwf:umef wD;Ndef:bof./
rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: wif:egif.bdif:ref: tgefuefqgh;ayj;sr;cof
pAwf:umefrj: wD;Ndef:bof./
rldof;oj: qhm:qhm: wif:egif.bdif:ref: ayj:tgefuefqgh; ayj;
sr;cof pAwf:umefrj: wD;Ndef:bof;/
tgef acj;eh. yAefvh; acj;qhg;udIdbj, trf,eef acj;qdrf-

edyj,wbof;/ rdlof;tefpof:qF. XtgefC oh.yAefudIdbj,qhg;eef. yAef
rj: acj;qhg;udIdbj, + emrf, + udIdbj,bof;/ rldof;ref:yAef acj;qdrf
[tgefuef]eef. yAefrj: [acj;qdrf] + udIdbj, zhm,erfbof;/
wlnf:tof wlofbmif,uGj, zhm,wF;eh.wj./
1. qhm:qhm: tgef+yD;egif.+uGj,sv,oh;Tzj:/
[udIdbj, + emrf, + udIdbj,]
2. qhm:qhm: wif:wh:auj.ref:Omrfauj. tgefuef+uGj,tmyf,erf.
wD;erf.rmof:/ [acj;qdrf + udIdbj,]
wD;eh. ulnf:se zhm,wh:pof:ulnf:? ugyf;oj; pof:trf,bmrf;

vAyf;pAef: zhm,pof:sv; pof:trf,N.vhm:cgifpof:/ cgifyldef; zhm,rmef;?
tdif:udwf.? yj,vdsw. bmrf;pAef:rj:bof.sv; ref:trf,ayj:rD: vmuf,

vhm:Oif wj,awOyf:vSif:seuef/ ayj:N. zhm,yldef;wif:zmh,pof:
bof.auj; uGj,vh; wSrf;vh; ydef,vh; uefuGj,bof.eh zl;wSrf;vduf;
bkrf,brfoh.bl,/ urf:eh. awOkdyf,Oyf:vSif:seuGj, wgef;udIdbj,
odaO,Oeugef,/
(6) wgef;udIdbj,odaO,Oe-acj;pmif;cldif;udIdbj
pof:ayj:vh;N.rj: vgif;udIdbj,odaO,Oe zmh,wh: zmh,rmef;
bof./ urf:eh. pof:Okdyf,vAyf;pAef:uGj, zhm,tdif:udwf.xSif;? eif,pkdof
awrD: wmif:N.pef wj,ydef,vSuf;uef wif:zhm,pof:eef.ugef,/
Kinds of Adverb
1. Adverb of time
1. I have heard this before. S+V+O+T
rldof;tgefwmif: uofvh;idef: tefeh.rj:bl,/ T+S+V+O
2. We shall now begin to work.

awj;vAof pof:aw sw,pAwf:umefuGj,bof;/
3. He once met me in Cairo. I have not seen him since.
bmrf:edkif; ref:xlyf:uofrj: wD;oAif:uhm,Vlof,/ sw,bmrf:eef.rj:
uoftrf,xlyf:pefref:/
4. He went to school yesterday.
rldof;oj: ref:uGj, Nif:pAef:/
wD;wgif: cdif,bmrf: = time eh. eF:zhm,wh:auj; awvh;ruf:
ref;oj; yAefudIdbj,odaO,Oebof;/ ugyf;oj; udIdbj, reff:yAefrldof;vF
cmof:vFeh uj,vcmof:bmrf:eh. qSif;se yldif:yefeef.bof./ eF:
wlef;uGmrf: rhmOD, XuGj,C udIdbj,wlofeh. pof:wlnf: Xrldof;oj:C acj;eh.aO
qif,N.oj; yAeftwD,w-rldof;ylef.ehbof;/ Orf.wlnf:xSif; uGj,wF;

eh.wj./
XXrldof;eh. qhm:qhm: uGj,Nif:pAef:CC/ uGj, XudIdbj,Ceh. vmwf;eF:
ywf.qkymef,-cmof:bmrf:rldof;vAof/ ugyf;yldof;oj; seoh.yj: tefoj;
Xrldof;eh.C eef.bof;/
2. Adverb of Frequency
1. I have told you twice. S + V + O + Ad

uof ayj:vmwf;serF: Ogifyguf;bof./ S + V + O + Ad
oif.ukd ig ESpBfudrf ajymjy NyD;NyD/ O + S + Ad + V
ig rif;ukd ESpfBudrf ajymjychJNyD/ S + O + Ad + V
Often uh.uh. rMumcP

Never rdlof;vFauj;trf, b,fawmhrS
Always wj,aO,? ul;rldof; tNrJwrf;
Sometimes rmifyguf;? rmifvF w&Hwcg? wcgw&H
rmifyguf;rmifvF
Generally urf.erferf trsm;tm;jzif.? rsm;aomtm;jzif.
Usually qldif.eif,ul;yguf; xkH;pHtwkdif;
Just awj;vAof ,ck
Almost qrfaw? ijaw vkeD;yg;
Hardly qrfaw? ijaw vkrwwf
Never, Hdifej,qj,cj:? wcgw&H? cJcJ,Of;,Of;
scarcely, HdifHdifemef:emef:ekdif;yguf;
seldom
Ever wj,aO, tNrJwrf;
Nearly, always ayj:ch;wj,aO, tNrJwrf;vkdvkd
Already wef:? wlof;wef: twif.? ESifhNyD

Occasionally rmifyguf;rmifvF? urf;ref:awj,? tcgtm;avQmfpGm
urf;Omif,awj,
Frequently uh.uh.? trf,Hdiftrf,emef: rMumcP
2. I have not seen him once. S + V + O + Ad

uof trf,pefref: aOurf:[yguf;]/ S + V + O + Ad
olUukd ig wcgrS rawG.bl;/ O + S + Ad + V
3. He often make mistakes. S + Ad + V

ref: uh.uh. pAwf:zdwf:/ S + Ad + V
ol cP cP trSm; vkyfrdw,f/ S + Ad + V
4. He seldom comes here. S + Ad + V + P

Hdifej,qj,cj: ref:qif,rj:wD;eh./ S + Ad + V + P
olonf MumMum wcgrS 'Dukd vm\ / S + Ad + P + V
3. Adverb of place
1. Stand here. qluf:wD;eh;sv;/ V + P. 'DrSm &yfyg/ P+V
2. The little lamp followed me every where. S+V+O+Ad
sr;qAeftgef, qgrf:uof ul;wD;wD;bof;/ S + V + O + Ad
okd;uav;onf igaemufodkY ae&mwum vkduf\/
S + V + Ad + V
3. Here, there, anywhere, everywhere, up stair, ashore.
wD;eh.? wD;eef.? wD;vFtrf,oj;? ul;wD;? xmyf;edlof? wj;erf.?
acj; Adverb of place zhm, tdif:udwf.eh. ayj:tofzhm,wh:

oj;qdkif awvh;oj;rdlefuef oj;ref:yAefudIdbj,odaO,Oe ehbl,bof;/
4. Adverb of manner
1. Sai Sai reads clearly. S + V + Ad

qhm:qhm: vlvduf; qSif;vSif:[wSuf,vSif:]ej,/ S + V + Ad
pkdif;pkdif;onf ÏSif;vif;pGm zwf\/ S + Ad + V
2. Slowly and sadly we laid him down. Ad + S +V+O

pof:rD:wmif:acj:clrfaO tofref:wrf:omif:uGj,vgh:vhg:/
S + Ad + O + V + Ad
0rf;enf;pGmjzifh wjznf;jznf;ESifh olYukd romcsMu\/
Ad + O + V
wD;wgif: - rdlefeif, laid him down wD;eh. udIdbj, tof

zmwf,uefoh. Orf.rD: O- umrf, eF:umif udIdbj,/ yldifeh. pof:uh.vh;pef
eF:tdif:udwf.bl,/ rldefeif, uGmrf:wh:pof:oj; qhm:qhm: udefcof;bl,
wD;Ndef:/ cof; O- acj;umrf, rj:bl,umif udIdbj, XudefC wif: Xbl,C oh./
tefeh. yAefOzj,o uGmrf:wh:pof:bof;/
Lazily cmef.ej, ysif;&dpGm

Happily Oldof:ej, aysmfÏTifpGm
Heavily euf:ej, av;vSpGm
Nobly rBmwf;ej, jrifhjrwfpGm
Simply blof:ej, Ïkd;pGm
Comfortably vlrfqFej, acsmifcsdpGm
Wisely rD:ynj,ej, ynm&SdpGm
Wildly vldif:ej,? rD:wmif:vldif:ej,aO Ïkdif;pGm? Ïkdif;yspGm
Wrongly zdwf:ej,? rD:wmif:zdwf:ej,aO rSm;pGm
£ zhm,wh: auj;yAefvh; udIdbj,odaO,Oe/
5. Adverb of Degree or Quantity or Peculiar
1. He was too cureless.
ref:arjsrej,/
olonf tvGefaygha&mh\/
2. The mangoes are almost ripe. S + V + Ad
rmuf,rlif; qrfaw Okuf:bof;/ S + V + Ad
o&ufoD;wkdYonf rSnfhcgeD;jyD/ rSnfhvkeD;yg; jzpfaejyD/ S+V+Ad
Fully ukrf,ukrf, jynfhpHkpGm
Enough ukrfvD vHkavmufpGm
So ej, pGm
Pretty cSrf.ej, aumif;pGm
Quite sw.? rlwf: vkH;vkH;
Partly, Fairly wmef,wmef, tawmfuav;
Rather wmef,wmef, tawmfuav;
Very sw.sw. tvGef
wD;wgif: - qldof:yj;eldofeh. yAefvh; udIdbj,odaO,Oe eF:wh:
pof: eif,uefbof;/
6. Adverb of Affirmation
1. Surely you are mistaken. Ad + S + V
rF:zdwf: sw.sw.bof;/ S + V + Ad
rif; rSm;wm odyfaocsmw,f/ S + Ad + V
2. He certainly went. S + Ad + V
ref: ayj:uGj, sw.sw.bof;/ S + V + Ad
olonf wu,fhukd oGm;cJhjyD/ S + Ad + V
¹ eF:wh:pof:auj; oj;vh; udIdbj,odaO,Oebl,/
7. Adverb of Reason
1. He is hence unable to refute the change.
ugyf;eefsv; ref:trf,qmif;pAwf:Hdof wgyf,xAifvh; acj;qd
ae:/
'gaMumifh olonf pGyfpGJcsufukd rjiif;qH Ekdifyg/
2. He therefore left school.
ugyf;eefsv; ref:tguf, Nif:pAef: uGj,bof;/
xkdYaMumifh olonf ausmif;rS xGufcJh\/
wD;wgif: - eF:zhm,wh:pof:eh. pof:oj; Reason yAefacj;
ap,wk – vgif;wmif:sv; trf,oh.yAefudIdbj,odaO,Oe qldif.eif,
tdif:udwf:/
8. Sentence Adverb
1. Probably he steals my book. Ad + S + V + O
Possibly he steals my book.
ref:vuf.yyf.uof tefoj;eef. qmif;yAefvh;bl,/ S+V
olonf uREkfyf\ pmtkyfukd ckd;wm jzpfEkdifp&m &dSonf/ S+V
2. Perhaps she goes to school. Ad + S + V + Ad

ref:emif: blofac:qmif;uGj, Nif:pAef:bl,/ S + Ad + V + Ad
olronf ausmif;ukd oGm;aumif; oGm;rnf/ S + Ad + Ad V
3. Luckily he passed the exam. Ad + S + V + O

umrf,vDsv; ref:tgif,vduf; uGj,bof./ Ad + S + V + O
uHaumif;ø ol pmar;yGJ atmifcJhonf/ Ad + S + O + V
4. Unfortunately he has been beaten. Ad + S + V
umrf,trf,vDsv; ref:vh;cmrf,wmif:ayj.rj:/ Ad + S + V
uHraumif;ø(csifawm.) ol tÏkdufcH &onf/ Ad + S + V
5. Fortunately he passed the exam. [rldefuefwif: rhm 3]

Evidently qSif;vSif:vDej, wif&Sm;onf
Unexpectedly trf,rkif;rgif:aO rarsmfvifhyJ
¤rhm [1] zmh,wh: yAefaujemrf,=uwf.wj: wif:udIdbj,ulnf:/

acj;[2]sw. yAefvh; UdIdbj,odaO,Oe/ rhm[3] wmif: rhm[4] yAefvh;
ap,wk – sevgif;wmif: trf,qF; udIdbj,odaO,Oe/
XXref:vuf. yyf.uof tefoj;eh. qmif;yAefvh;bl,CC wlef:uGmrf:
eh. ref:rdlefuefwif: Sentence- it is possible that he steals my
book. Ugyf;eh zhm,wh: acj;tefoj; Xref:vuf.yyf.uof tefoj;eh.C
wmif:cldof: yAefacj; uwf.wj:ulnf:/ Xqmif;yAefvh;bl,C acj;eh. yAef
udIdbj,bof;/
tefOyf:vSif:seuef Kinds of Adverb eh. ulnf:P;N.
vhm:yAefref:aO trf,qF;oj; wh:pof:auj; rD:vhm:ref: rldefuefwif:
tdif:udwf./ eF:vhm:wSrf;? vhm:oh. udIdbj,odaO,Oe zhm,wh:eh. rD:oh.
Ogifvhm: XudIdbj,odaO,Oe bl,zmh,ej; udIdbj, sv; udIdbj,
odaO,Oe bl,zhm,vif udIdbj,Ceh OgifrAof:/ urf:eh. awOkdyf,
Oyf:vSif:se wgef;Orf,yef,w – acj;qmif;uyf:ugef,/
(7) acj;qmif;uyf:-Orf,yef,x(Conjunction)
eF:vduf;vhm: ul;zj,Oj, bif:rD:acj;tefuAof,ugif. acj;uGmrf:qmyf;
uef P;yAefrj: wlef:uGmrf: tefvAofuef sv; acj;uAof,uyf: Okdyf,yef
wlef:uGmrf: tefekdif;wif:tefedkif;bl,bof;/ qldof:cofeh. Mif.oj;
acj;qmif;uyf:bof./ wD;eh. pof:tofzhm,tdif:udwf: yAefbF,aO vAyf;
pAef: acj;Orf,yef,x cofuGj,ugef,/
rD:qdlof.Orf,yef,x Conjunction Ogifbldif;

1. Coordinating Conjunction
Okdyf,rAof: Degree rldefuef
2. Subordinating Conjunction
Okdyf,rAof: Degree ySuf,uef
1. acj;qmif;uyf: Coordinating Conjunction

And aO? aObof.? bof.aO ø
As well as ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf ouJhokdY? vJyJ
And ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf ouJhokdY? vJyJ ?
And, also ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf ouJhokdY? vJyJ
No less than ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf ouJhokdY? vJyJ
Both …and wif:Ogif ESifh ? ESpfckpvHk;
Not only but also ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf omrS r[kwf? vJyJ
Not only …but ulnf:trf,uj:? yj:qArf omrS r[kwf? vJyJ
Either…or trf,eef? tefvFauj; okdYr[kwf
Or trf,eef okdYr[kwf
Else trf,eef okdYr[kwf
Otherwise ayj:trf,eef? Oiftrf,eef okdYr[kwf
Neither…nor auj; - trf, ESifh... ESpfckpvHk;? wckrS r[kwf
Nor auj;trf, ESifh... ESpfckpvHk;? wckrSr[kwf
But ulnf:uj;? ulnf:oj;? ulnf:ej, okdY&mwGif? 'gayrJh
However / okdYaomfvnf;
Yet, Still, nevertheless ulnf:uj;? aOwj.auj; okdY&mwGif
Therefore ugyf;eef? ugyf;eefsv; xkdYaMumifh? 'gaMumifh
So ugyf;eef? ugyf;eefsv; xkdYaMumifh? 'gaMumifh

For ugyf;?ugyf;oj;? yldof;?yldof;oj; twGuf? aomaMumifh? taMumif;rlum;
Whereas rldof;? aOOrf. pOfwGif ? uawmh
While / /
1. He saw a dog and a cat also.

ref: pef rjulnf: trf,uj: yj:qArf pefrSof: wlofekdif;/
olonf acG;waumifukd jrifouJhokdY aMumifwaumifukdvJyJ jrifonf/
2. He saw a dog no less than a dog. [rldefuefwif: rhmedkif;]
3. He saw both a dog and a cat.
ref: pef rj wif:rSof: wif:Ogifbof;/
olonf acG;ESifhaMumif ESpfaumifpvHk;ukd jrifonf/
4. He saw not only a dog but also a cat.
ref: pef rjulnf:trf,uj: yj:qArf pefrSof:bof;/
olonf acG;ukdomr[kwf aMumifaumifukdvJyJ jrifonf/
5. He saw not only a dog but also a cat. [rldefuefwif: rmh-4]
6. Either you or Sai Sai have to go to the market.
rF: trf,eef qmh:qhm: [rF:Hdof qhm:qhm:Hdof] awvh;uGj,umwf,/
rF: trf,eef qhm:qhm: zFauj;_ auj.vFauj; trf,oj; awvh; uGj,umwf,/
oif okdYr[kwf pkdif;pkdif; aps;ukd oGm;&rnf/
7. You must take the medicine otherwise you will die.
rF: awvh;udefbj;bj? Oiftrf,eef rF:aw whmtdlof;/
oif onf aq;ukd aomuf&rnf? okdUr[kwfygu oifaovdrfhrnf/
8. Are you going with me or else stay at home?
rF:awuGj,qgrf:uofpj.? trf,eef awbl,wD;Ndef:pj./
igESifh vkdufoGm;rnfvm;? okdYwnf;r[kwf tdrfrSm ae&pfrSmvm;/
9. I do not want to go out nor work at home.
uof trf,cF;tguf,uGj,wmif:eguf;/ pAwf:umef wD;Ndef:auj; trf,cF;pAwf:/
igonf tdrfjyifukdvnf; roGm;csif? tdrfrSmvnf; tvkyfrvkyfcsifyg/
10. Neither I want to go out nor stay at home. [rldefwif: 9-10]
wmif:eguf;auj; uoftrf,cF;uGj,? pAwf:umefwD;Ndef:auj; trf,cF;pAwf:/
11. I would like to go, but I am busy.
uofcF;uGj,bl,? ulnf:uj; uofrmif.umefoh./
ig oGm;csifaomffvnf; igrtm;yg/
12. Sai Sai study hard however he fail in the exam.
qmh:qhm: cwf:qFrj:bl,aOwj. ref:wluf: ymifwgyf,vduf;/
pkdif;pkdif;onf pmBuKd;pm;cJhaomfvnf; ol pmar;yGJ uscJhonf/
pkdif;pkdif;onf pmBuKd;pm;cJhonf? okdY&mwGif ol pmar;yGJuscJhonf/
13. The old system had its flows, but nevertheless it was
preferable to the new one.
vhm:uof,eh. rD:oh.wD;se:ref:aOwj.auj; bif:rD:vgif;wmif:xkuf,
qFwldof:aO vhm:rF,bl,/
pepfa[mif;onf tjypftemtqm&Sdaomfvnf; $if;ukd topfxuf
ykdawmifusKduf\/
14. The old system had its flows, but still it was preferable to
the new one.
15. Sai Sai tried hard therefore he passed the exam.

qhm:qhm: cwf:qFvduf;sv; ref:qif,ayj:tgif,vduf;bof;/
pkdif;pkdif; pmBuKd;pm;aomaMumifh olpmar;yGJ atmifcJh\/
16. Sai Sai tried hard so he passed the exam.
17. Sai Sai passed the exam for he tried hard.

qmh:qhm: tgif,vduf; ugyf;oj; ref:cwf:qFbof;/ [15, 16 rldefuef]
18. My father works in the office whereas my mother works at
home.
tl;uof pAwf:umefwD;vkrf:qmh:aO sr;uofOrf. pAwf:umefwD;Ndef:/
uRefawmh tazonf ÏkH;rSm tvkyfvkyø f taruawmh tdrfrSm
tvkyfvkyfonf/
19. Boys are playing whereas girls are reading.
Boys are playing while girls are reading.
rldof;vkuf;tgef,qhm:cof vAef;bl,eef. vkuf;tgef,bdif:cofOrf.
vlvduf;bl,/
a,mufusm;uav;rsm; upm;aepOf rdef;uav;rsm; pmzwf aeMu
onf/
1. acj;qmif;uyf: Subordinate Conjunction

1. As ugof;eefsv;? qldif.eif,? rldefeif, aomaMumifh?
ouJhokdY? twdkif;
2. Since ugyf;eefsv;? qSrfrldof; aomaMumifh? uxJu
3. Because ugyf;eefsv; aomaMumifh
4. Although aOwj.? aOwj.auj; aomfvnf;
5. Till awj,? awj,xkdif wkdifatmif
6. Until awj,? awj,xkdif wkdifatmif
7. Before rldof; J yh, r (oGm;) cif? r (oGm;) rD
8. After ohm:? ohm:aO NyD;aemuf
9. When rldof; aomtcg
10. As soon as urf:vAof (oGm;)vQif? (oGm;)csif;
11. So long as qlof;? qlof;uj; orQumvywfvkH;
12. While rldof;? bif:wkduf. pOf

13. As if, as though rldef? rldefeif,? qldif.eif, ouJJhokdY
14. That…. May eif,Hdof? eif,HdofJayj: Ekdifatmif
15. That…might P;ayj: Ekdifatmif
16. So (Adjective)…. that ayjvh; Ekdifatmif? avmufatmif
17. So (Adverb)…. That ayj: [trf,] qmif; /
18. So that wj,aw? eif,Hdofaw? eif,Hdofayj:aw
ap&ef? okdYrSomvQif
19. Whether or not [uGj,] trf, [uGj,]? rj: [trf,] rj:
oGm;oGm; roGm;oGm;
rj:rj: trf,rj:rj: vmvm rvmvm
20. As much as uj;eif,? ySif;eif, oavmuf
21. As (quickly) as possible uj;eif,-yAif;eif,zF:vh; tpGrf;ukefjrefpGm
zF:uj;Hdofauj; vDuj;eef. jrefEkdiforQ jrefpGm
22. As quickly as (he) can uj;eef.zF:vh; tpGrf;ukef jrefpGm
23. Lest eif,Hdof ayj:awtrf, r ... ap&ef
24. If Oif? Oifoj;? ayj:? ayj:oj; tu,fø ... vQif
25. Unless ayj:trf,? Oiftrf, tu,fø r ... vQif
26. Provided that Oif? Oifoj;? ayj:? ayj:oj; tu,fø ... vQif
On condition that / /
27. However (beautiful) [pmif;vD]uj;Hdofauj;? b,favmufyJ(vSvS)
28. As far as qgrf:eif,? ySif;eif,? Uj;eif, oavmufawmh
1. Sai Sai is sleeping as he is ill.

As Sai Sai is ill he is sleeping.
ugyf;qhm:qhm: trf,bl,vDsv; ref:egef:oh.bl,/
armifarmifonf aeraumif;aomaMumifh tdyfaeonf/
2. Since Sai Sai is ill he is sleeping.
ugyf;qhm:qhm: trf,bl,vDsv; ref:egef:oh.bl,/
armifarmifonf aeraumif;aomaMumifh tdyfaeonf/
3. We are learning English because we want to get knowledge.
ugyf;pof:cF;rD: wmif:N.wmif:pefsv; pof: tgefuefpAef: tif:udwf:/
uRefawmfwkdYonf A[kokw &csifaomaMumifh t*Fvdyfpmukd oifae
Muonf/
4. Though (although) Sai Sai tried hard he failed in the exam.
qmh:qmh: cwf:qFvduf;aOwj.[aOwj.auj;] ref:wluf:ymifwgyf,vduf;/
yduf.Orf. qhm:qhm: cwf:qFvduf;aOwj.auj; ref:wluf:ymifwgyf,vduf;/
armifarmifonf pmBudK;pm;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJ uscJhonf/
5-6. Till we come back, you must wait here.
Until………….
rF:awvh;yF.wD;eh; awj,xkdifpof:yguf;rj:/
uREkfyfwkdY jyefvmonfhwkdifatmif oif 'Dae&m apmifh&rnf/
7. Nang Nang will cook the rice before her mother come back
emif:emif: awNifcof; rldof;sr;ref: yh,yguf;rj:/
olr\ tar jyefrvmcif eef;eef;onf xrif;cswfaevdrfhrnf/
8. I drank tea after I had washed my face.

After I had washed my face, I drank tea.
ohm:aO uofOkuf;ej;bof. uofOlwf.erf.eAif;bof./
uRefawmfonf rsufemopfNyD;aemuf vbuf&nfukd aomufygonf/
9. When the teacher come into the class, the students got up.
rldof;cl:Ogef cof;rj:wD;eF:Mif;pAef:eef. vkuf;pAef:cof tgefuef
vkuf.qkuf:bof./
q&monf tcef;xJokdY 0ifvmaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm; rwfwwf
&yfMuonf/
10. As soon as I arrived in Colombo I wrote a letter to Yangon.
ayj:uof Mwf;zSofuGj, wD;oAif:ulof,vrf,ylof, urf:vAofauj; uofwSrf;
vduf; zkdefekdif; ql:wj;ukif;bof./
uRefawmfonf ukdvrfbkdukd a&mufvQif a&mufcsif; &efukefokdY pm
wpfapmif a&;cJhonf/
11. I will support you so long as you are attending to the
university.
qlof;uj;rF: bif:wkduf.cdkef;qef.qgrfbl,eh. uofawqgh;xSrfrF:vh/
oifonf wãokdvfukd wufaeorQ umvywfvkH; uRefyf oifhukd
taxmuftyHHh ay;rnf/
12. While the girl are reading, the boys are playing football.
rldof;bdif:tgef,cof vlvduf;bl,eef. vkuf;tgef,qhm:cof vAef;rmuf,
eif[vkrf:]/
rdef;uav;rsm; pmzwfaepOf a,mufsm;uav;rsm; abmvkH;udk
upm;aeMuonf/
13. Sai Sai taught English to the boys if as though the same a
teacher.
qhm:qhm: Ogeftdif:udwf: yefP;vkuf;tgef,cofrj: rldefqldif.eif,
ref:yAefcl:Ogefauj.ekdif;/
armifarmifonf q&mwa,ufuJhokdY uav;rsm;tm; t*Fvdyfpm
ukd oifay;onf/
14. We must work hard that we may succeed in life.
eif,Hdof zopof: ayj:awcSrf.eef. pof:awvh;cwf:qFbof;/
uREkfyfwkdYonf atmifrifrIukd &atmifBudK;pm;&rnf/
15. I was waiting here that I might meet my lover.
eif,Hdof awvh;xlyf: auj.puf.uofeef. uofawyF.bl,wD;eh./
uREkfyfonf cspfolESifh awGUEkdifatmif uREkfyf 'Dae&mrSm apmifhaecJhonf/
16. Nang Nang is so beautiful that all men cannot help looking
at her.
emif:emif: pmif;vDej, yldef;ayj:trf,qmif;bl,vh; ayj:ch;wlnf:bl,
eef.bof;/
eef;eef;onf vltm;vHk;u rMunfhyJ raeEkdifatmif tvGefvSyonf/
17. He is so clever that his teacher praised him.
ref:vuf:vSrfej, cl:Ogef ayj:vh;bgif;bof;/
olonf olUq&m csD;usL;&avmufatmif vdrfrmonf/
18. Sai Sai earn the money so that he will be able to buy a
bicycle.
qmh:qhm: Mrfikdef:oh. eif,HdofawOkdof.vh; vSif[vlwf.xdyf,]
vrf:edkif;/
armifarmifonf aiGpkonf/ okdYrSomvQif olonf pufbD;wpfpD;ukd
0,fEkdifvdrfhrnf/
19. You must find out a job whether you are rich or not.
rF: yAefulef:rD:auj;vD zmefauj;bof. awvh;pjumef tefedkif;/
oifonf csrf;omonfjzpfap? rcsrf;omonfjzpfap tvkyfwckukd
&Sm&rnf/
20. I do not know whether they will come or not.
cofawrj: trf,rj: tefoj;eef. uoftrf,N./
olwkdY vmrnf rvmbl;qkdwm uRefawmf rodyg/
21. You can take this book as much as you like.
yyf.vduf; ySif,eif, rF:cF;tofeef. tofvh;bl,/
oifonf pmtkyfukd tvkd&Sdoavmuf ,lEkdifygonf/
22. The boys run as fast as they can.
vkuf;tgef,cof vSef; uj;eif,cofzF:eef.bof;/
vluav;rsm;onf tpGrf;ukef jrefEdkio
f rQ jrefpGm ajy;onf/
23. You must wash the plates as clearly as possible.
rF:awvh; vmif. omefszqldof:eh. uAif;uAif; uj;eif,yAefvh;bof;/
oifonf yef;uefBuD;rsm;ukd tpGrf;ukef oef.&Sif;Ekdio
f rQ oef.&Si;f
&rnf/
24. All students must try hard, lest they should fail in the exam.
vkuf;pAef:wmif:OAif; awvh;cwf:qF eif,Hdofayj:awtrf,wluf:vh;
ymifwgyf,vduf;bof;/
ausmif;om;tm;vHk; pmar;yGJrusap&ef olwkdYpmBudK;pm; &rnf/
25. If you try hard, you will pass the exam.

On condition that you try hard, you will pass the exam.
OifrF: cwf:qFeh rF:awtgifvduf;tldof;/
tu,fø oifBudK;pm;vQif oifpmar;yGJ atmifvdrfhrnf/
26. Unless you eat the cake, you will be hungry.

OifrF: trf,udefcof;rkef:eh rF:awwgif.rh;tldof;/
tu,fø oifrkefYrpm;vQif oifpmvdrfhrnf/
wD;eF:wgef; Orf,yef,x (conjunction) eh. yldifvlifref:
pof:vlof,N. acj;aoj:pmef cgifyldef; wif:pof: ydef,vSuf;uefulnf:/
ayj:wlnf:tof wlofbmif,ref:qgrf:qkdif bldif;cSef:ygif,qFihm;wldof:aO
yAeftefurf.xSrfwj,ydef,vduf;bof;/
(8) wgef;acj;wkdef,
acj;wkdef, tefoj;eh. ref:yAefacj;uGmrf: Nrfqlrf:?
vDtmrf:? wluf:q[aO tofukdif.umif. veftguf,Olyf:rj: eef.
bof./ wlofbmif,ref:qrf.-
]]P:H r[:rj:rldof;v[eh.? pof:trf,vh; xlyf:uefpkdifej,

bof.eh./ qlrf:uef sr;tldnf:J rj:wlnf:vkuf;vl:/
ay.vDtmrf:H trf,wgef.yAef/ (vDtmrf:)
ay.emef:rD:H trf,bmrf;pefvh;pef/ /
tvlof:H uofrgif:r[:wmif:pkid fbof.eh./ /
Tzj:yAefqof;tldnf:H (acj;wluf:q[)
sr;uoftldnf:H /
omh: H (ugyf:qAyf:ej,)
P:? sr;tldnf:? sr;uoftldnf:? ay.vDtmrf:? sy.OSefrD:?
tvlof.? ohm:? Tzj:yAefqof;tldnf: quGj,qldof:eh. yAefacj;wkdef,
bof./ wD;eh. ulnf:xluf:seurf;zgif;ulnf:aO ref:bif:awrD:
xSif; wmif:erfbl,/ urf:eh. awOkdyf, Oyf:vSif:seuef wj,
rmhacj;qdrfsOugef,/
(9) wgef;acj;qdrf
acj;qdrftefoj;eh. rldefqlid f.eif, ]]wmif:}} acj;eh.
ayj:ref:uGj,uyf:O[,udIdbj, trf,eef qdrfqgrf:udIdbj,ayj:eh
tofacj;ygif,udIdbj,eef. yAefemrfudIdbj, uGj,bof;/ awj;eh
uj;yAefacj;qdrfwmif:vlif tefuyf:O[,udIdbj,v[ emrf,v[eh.
Mif.oj; acj;qdrfbof;/ e[:yj,vdsw. Mif.oj; tkyOj,Iyw
sv; edyj,wyw bof;/
wmif:
wmif:udefwmif:bSrf./ wmif:uGj,wmif:yh / wmif:pAwf:wmif:
Omif;/ wmif:bl,wmif:Oof:/ wmif:olef.wmif:ch;q[ pAwf:eh yAef
emrf,udIdbj,bof;/
P;
P;ref:uGj,sv;? P;ref:pAwf:sv;/ P;ref:egef:sv;
quGj, yAefoh.acj;ygifq[.uef? ygh,omif:yefuef eef.bof'/
P;ref:bl,vDudefomefaOurf:/ P;ql.uof puf.uofauj.vAof
aOurf:/ P;ayj;sr;uof vgwf;az:aOurf:/ (acj;Ol:bgef:)
P;r[:wmhqj.vj;? P;r[:whmqj.aOurf:? P;cofugwf:zmef
aOurf:? P;nj:qlefaOurf:/ P;vl.Okrf:aOurf:/ (acj;vj,)
vl,wmef:cof;Ogrf: P;qof;Ipmef:/ (acj;pyf.-Orf,y
wj,e)/
tef
tefeh.? tefeef.? tefr[:pAwf:eh.? tefr[:pAwf:
eef.? (acj;qD. ej,rodaO,Oe)/
emif:bdif:tefpmif;vD? ulef:qmh: tefpAwf:umefbl,?
(uyf:acj;pmif;cldif; ej,rodaO,Oe)/
ekdif;tef? Ogiftef? Omrftef? Odyf:tef? rldeftef/
(acj;eyf.tmef,)/
aw
awpAwf:? awudef? awuGj,? awegef:? awtmyf,erf./
(qSif;se cmof:rldof:ej; tej,uw)/
tgefuef
tgefuefpAwf:wj.? tgefuefcwf:q[wj.? bj,tgefuef
bl,yof,pmrf:vmh? (qSif;seoj;yAef udIdbj,zmh,erf=ypkoqe)/
ugef,
rldof;ugef,? rldof;ugef,Okdef:oj:? (qSif;secmof:rldof;ylef.)/
uofawuGj,ugef,? bl,ugef,ej; puf.tldnf:/ (qSif;se
wlif.wuf.uef qrfawzmwf,)/
bl,
pof:aw tgefuefuGj,bl,ulnf:? ref:wkduf.pAwf:umefbl,?
ref:pAwf:umefbl,? (]]bl,}} e[:wlef:uGmrf:ekdif; yAefacj;pmif;
cldif; ouf.uBwlef:uGmrf:aO e[:Ogif wif:Omrfeef. ref:
qSif;se cmof:rldof;wkduf.pAwf:bl,)/
bl,bof;(bl,bof.)
ulef:pAwf:umefcof tgefuefudefcof;bl,bof;/ (acj;pmif;
cldif; wlef:uGmrf: trf,eef qSif;seywf.qkymef,)/
bof.
qmh:qhm: pAwf:umefbof./ ayj:pAwf:umefrj:bof./ (qSif;
secmof:ylef. - twD,wuj,v)/
bof.bof;
r[:pAwf:umefbof.bof;pj.` pAwf:bof.bof;/ qmh:qhm:
pAwf:umefbof.bof;rldof;Omrfrgif:/ (qSif;secmof:rldof;ylef.)
wD;wgif:- ]bof;}wlofeh. urf.erferf yAefacj;pmif;cldif;

wj,wlef:uGmrf:vof:vD? cSrf.vSyf;bof;/ vh;oj;yAef ]]ouf.uBj,vif,
uj,I}}bof;/
ayj:Oguf;wduf:wduf:auj; awpefwduf:wduf:bof;/ wD;eh.
ulnf:cfG;P;N.oj; acj;qldof:serj:eef. yAefacj;qdrfehsv; qif,
ayj:vh; wmif,seuefbof;/
9. wgef;zkduf:vl/ vmwf;/ wSrf;/ ydef,zj,Oj,

tkd;ukefonf olaX;BuD;OD;Av
tkd;ukefonf olaX;BuD;OD;Avonf wpfOD;wnf;aomom;ukd
tvGefcspfonf/ om;arG;zGm;aomESpfwGif csrf;omvmí armif0okef
[k trnfay;xm;\/ om;av;ukd ynmroifapyJ tvkdvkdufxm;í
BuD;vmaomtcgtazmfrsm;ESifh aomufpm;aysmfyg;ae\/ om;ujzHK;
wD;vGef;í OD;AvrSm qif;&JoGm;\/ rdcifBuD;rSm om;twGuf pdwfxd
cdkufNyD; aoqkH;oGm;\/
xkdtcgusrS OD;Avonf aemifwBuD;pGm &avonf ]]om;
ukdynmroifapcJhwm rSm;wmyJ}}/ OD;AvaocgeD;wGif om;ukd rSmcJh
onfrSm ]]olaX;BuD;OD;okc[m azazholi,fcsif;jzpfygonf/ azaz
r&SdwJhtcg OD;okcxHoGm;NyD; tultnDawmif;ayawmh}}/ ]]aumif;
ygNyD}}/ azazOD;Avu om;ukdrSmp&m&SdwmrSmNyD; aoqkH;oGm;av\/
OD;AvaoqkH;NyD;aemuf armif0okefonf OD;okcxHoGm;í
aiGaMu;tultnD awmif;av\/ olaX;BuD;OD;okc ajymonfrSm
]]tif;J ulnDr,f? 'gayr,fh wlarmifrSm OD;Avvkd rdwfaqGaumif;
r&Sdao;vkdY rdwfaqGaumif;&atmif&SmvkdufOD;}}/ ]]aumif;ygNyDcifAsm}}/
olonf rdwfaqGaumif;ukd vkdufvH&SmazG\/ okdYaomf
&ufawGom ukefcJh\/ rdwfaqGaumif;um; r&ay/ aemufqkH;wGif
pdwfysufysufESifh uefoif;½kd;ukd acgif;tkH;jyKNyD; tdyfav\/
tdyfraysmfEkdifyJ ,cifucsrf;ompGm aecJh&ykHukd owd&NyD; idk
ae\/ rsuf&nfwkdYrSm ajrBuD;ay:usNyD; pkd&TJ oGm;avonf/ aysmhae
aom&THUrsm;ukd ukdifMunfhNyD; 0rf;om oGm;avonf/
]][kwfNyD? awGUNyD? igrdbawG[m 'D&THUawgeJY olaX;jzpfcJhMu
w,f/ igvJ 'D&THUawGeJYyJ olaX;jzpfatmifvkyfr,f/ 'D&THUawG[m ig
rdbtwGuf rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfovkd ightwGufvJ rdwfaqGaumif;
jzpf&rSmyJ/
eHeufvif;aomf &THUwpfvkH;,lcJhNyD; OD;okcxHokdY vmcJhav
onf/ a&mufvmaomtcg armif0okefajymjyonfrSm ]]uRefawmf
rdwfaqGaumif; &vmcJhygNyDcifAsm;/ uRefawmfrdbawG[m 'D&THUawGukd
tkd;vkyfNyD; csrf;omcJhMuygw,f/ uRefawmfvJ 'Dtwkdif;yJ csrf;om
atmif vkyfygr,fcifAsm;}}/
]]'D&THUawG[m uRefawmfrdbawGtwGuf rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfcJh
ovkd uRefawmftwGufvJ rdwfaqGaumif;yJ jzpfygw,fcifAsm;}}/
olaX;BuD;OD;okcjyefajymonfrSm ]][,fJ olrdkuf? rdwfaqG
aumif;qkdwm &THUwkH;BuD;ukdajymwmr[kwfbl;/ wlarmif[m tkd;vkyf
wJh ynmrwwfyJeJY &THUukdtkd;jzpfatmif b,fvkv d kyfEkdifrvJ/ ynm
qkdwm todynmeJY twwfynm ESprf sdK;&Sdw,f/ i,fpOfubmynmrS
roifcJhvkd/ tckawmh 'ku©a&mufae&NyDr[kwfvm;/ tkd;vkyfwJh ynm
ukd oGm;oifacsOD;? wwfrSjyefvmcJh}}/
]]aumif;ygNyDcifAsm;}}/ xkdaemuf OD;okconf olYtm; aiG
tenf;i,fay;í vTwfvkdufavownf;/
vkH;aph = t"dyÜg,f
1. tkd;ukefonf qof;ukef,arj;
2. tvGefcspfonf puf.sw.sw.
3. trnfay;onf wmif,qkdof;yef
4. tvkdvkdufonf qgrf:q[
5. BuD;vmaomtcg rldof;b[,rj:eef.
6. aomufpm;aysmfyg;ae\ udefbSrf.ayBj,rlef<aObl,
7. jzHK;wD;onf wkdof:ydef.wkdof:ySwf;
8. qif;&JoGm;\ cmefq[uGj,bof;
9. om;twGuf- om;aMumifh ugyf;vkuf;qmh:aO
10. pdwfxdckdufNyD; yAefq[trf,vDuGj,(wldof.q[uGj,)
11. aoqkH;oGm;\ wmhuGj,bof;

12. xkdtcgusrS rldof;urf:eef.qgif,
13. aemifwBuD;pGm&avonf vh;eSifq[uGj,vlifvmifbof;
14. rSm;wmyJ zdwf:uGj,bof;
15. aocgeD;wGif rldof;qrfwmheef.
16. rSmcJhonfrSm Oif,oh.oj;
17. r&SdwJhtcg rldof;trf,rD:eef.
18. tultnDawmif;ayawmh bgef:wmif:qgh;xSrfvj;
19. aoqkH;NyD;aemuf omh:aOwmhbof.
20. aiGaMu;tultnDawmif;av\
bgef:wmif:qgh;xSrfidkef:wgif:bof;
21. ulnDr,f awqgh;xSrfbl,
22. 'gayrJh ulnf:uj;oj;
23. rdwfaqGaumif; wh:auj.vD
24. OD;Avvkd rldefqldif.eif,tl:yv
25. &SmvkdufygOD; pjugef,sv;
26. ol ref:
27. vkdufvH&SmazGonf Oguf;pjbof.
28. okdYaomf ulnf:uj;
29. ukefcJhonf rlwf:uGj,? ylef.uGj,
30. aemufqkH;wGif urf:vke d f:Okwf:
31. pdwfysufysufESifh rD:wmif:aO,q[ (rD:wmif:q[trf,vD)aO
32. uefoif;½kd; Nofaw:ej:
33. acgif;tkH;NyD; rgefNofaO
34. rsuf&nf erf.wj
35. ajrBuD;ay: wD;eldofvdef
36. usNyD; wluf:aO
37. pkd&TJoGm;avonf brf:uGj,bof;
38. udkifMunfhNyD; urf:wlnf:aO

39. &THUrsm;ukd tkifvdef
40. 0rf;omoGm;avonf Nrfqlrf:uGj,bof;
41. olaX;jzpfatmif P;ayj:yAefOax:
42. igrdbtwGuf ykef;wj,ayj;sr;uof
43. jzpf&rSmyJ awyAefbl,
44. eHeufvif;aomf ayj:xkdifumife[vSif:rj:
45. jyefajymonfrSm ckdef:wgyf,vmwf;oj;
46. wlarmif vmefqmh:
47. tkd;vkyfwJhynm ynf,nj,tefpAwf:arj;
48. rwwfyJeJY trf,arjaO
49. b,fvkdvkyfEkdifrvJ awpAwf:pkdofpAwf:vh;
50. ynmqkdwm ynf,nj,tefoj;eh.
51. ESpfrsKd;&Sdonf rD:OgifrAof:
52. todynm wmif:N.ynf,nj,
53. twwfynm wmif:arjynf,nj,
54. i,fpOfu rldof;wkduf.tgef,
55. oif Ogef
56. vTwfvkdufavonf ygh,uGj,bof;
tar; = tajz
1/ olaX;BuD;OD;Av[m om;b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJ¿/
olaX;BuD;OD;Av[m om;wpfa,muf&Sdygw,f/
2/ ol[m olYom;ukd tvGefcspfovm; ¿/

[kwfygw,f olonf olYom;ukd tvGefcspfygw,f/
3/ olaX;BuD;OD;Avu bmtvkyfukdvkyfukdifNyD; csrf;omvmovJ/
tkd;vkyfief;ukdvkdyfNyD; csr;f omvmygw,f/ 'gaMumihftkd;ukef
onf olaX;BuD;OD;AvvkdYac:ygw,f/
4/ ol[mb,fwkH;upNyD; csrf;omvmovJ¿/
ol[m olYom;arG;zGm;wJhESpfrSm csrf;omvmygw,f/
5/ tb,faMumifh olYom;ukd armif0okefvkdYac:ygovJ¿/

om;arG;zGm;aomESpfwGif csrf;omvmaomaMumifh armif0okef
vkdY ac:ygw,f/
6/ olYrdcif[m b,folYtwGufaMumifh pdwfxdcdkufNyD; aoqkH;&

ovJ¿/
olYom;twGuf pdwfxdckdufNyD; aoqkH;&ygw,f/
7/ armif0okef[m taz:rsm;ESifh aomufpm; jzHK;wD;wJhtcsdefrSm

ODAv b,fvkdaemifw&ygovJ¿/
OD;Avaemif&onfrSm ]]om;av;ukdynmroifapcJhwm rSm;
wmyJ}} vkdY aemifw&ygw,f/
8/ OD;Avaocg;eD;rSm olYom;ukd b,fvkdrSmcJhygovJ¿/
]]olaX;BuD;OD;okc[m azazholi,fcsif;jzpfygw,f/ azazr&Sd
wJhaemufrSm OD;okcxHoGm;NyD; aiGaMu;tultnDawmif;ay
awmh}} vkdY rSmoGm;cJhygw,f/
9/ armif0okef tultnDawmif;wJhtcg olaX;BuD;OD;okc bm
ajymcJhovJ¿/
]]wlarmifrSm olaX;BuD;vkd rdwfaqGaumif;r&Sdao;vkdY? rdwfaqG
aumif;&atmif oGm;&SmvkdufOD;}} vkdY ajymygw,f/
0guswnfaqmufjcif;
(u) tazonf om;ukd tvGefcspfonf/
taronf orD;ukd /
iSufronf cspfvifukd /
orifronf &nf;pm;ukd /
armifarmifonf r,m;ukd /
(c) rvSonf tvGefvSaomaMumifh rvS[k trnf ay;onf/
armifarmifonf tvGefawmfaomaMumifh armifarmif[k
trnf ay;onf/
olawmif;pm;onf nHhzsif;aomaMumifh olawmif;pm;[k
trnf ay;onf/
EGm;onf ÓPfr&SdaomaMumifh EGm;[k trnf ay;onf/
ig;onf a&üusufpm;aomaMumifh ig;[k trnf ay;onf/
(*) olonf olYr,m;ukd tvkdvkdufonf/
uRefawmfonf oli,fcsif;ukd /
taronf uRefawmfukd /
ta':onf uRefawmfnDrukd /
r&D;onf uRefawmf\tukdBuD;udk /
(C) uRefawmf BuD;vmaomtcg q&m0efvkyfrnf/
/ csrf;omvmaomtcg ausmif;aqmufvSLrnf/
/ bGJU&wJhtcg ausmif;q&mvkyfrnf/
/ tvkyfvkyfwJhtcg ydyd&d&dvkyfrnf/
/ ykdufqHr&SdwJhtcg pdwfrcsrf;ombl;/
(i) olonf aiGukd jzKef;wD;onf/
olonf a&ukd /
olonf tcsdefukd /
(p) taronf om;twGuf pdwfcsrf;omonf/
taronf orD;aMumifh *kPf,lonf/
taronf taztwGuf &wufrat;yg/
(q) armifarmifonf &nf;pm;twGuf pdwfxdcdkufNyD; rIdifae\/
/ qif;&J\/
xnfhvkdonfh xnfhvkdonfh / idkae\/
emrfyk'fxnfhyg emrfyk'fxnfhyg / ½l;oGm;\/
/ ydefoGm;\/
(Z) tzkd; aocgeD;wGif rSmxm;\/
/ oGm;? a&muf rcsdrqefY jzpfae\/
/ qif;? wuf ua,mifacsmufcsm;jzpfae\/
(ps) tar r&Sdonfhtcg vdrfvdrfrmrmae&pfyg/
/ rtm;? aeraumif; tvkyfukdBudK;pm;yg/
/ tvkyfrsm;? tdyfae tdrfrSmapmifhaeyg/
(q) tazu rSmw,f pmBudK;pm;ygvkdY/
/ / tdrfjyefvmygvkdY/
/ / ykdufqHrjzKef;wD;ygESifhvkdY/
/ rSmcsifw,f ypönf;ay;zkdY/
tar;pum; avhusifhjcif;
tcsdef
1. 'DuaeY cifAsm; ausmif;ukd oGm;rnfvm;¿/
raeYu / (aps;? ½kyf&iS f? NrdKU) oGm;cJhovm;¿/
reufjzef / (yGJ? bk&m;) oGm;rnfvm;¿/
2. 'gukd b,fvkd ac:ygovJ¿/

/ / vkyfovJ¿/
/ / pm;&ovJ¿/
/ / &Sif;&ygovJ¿/
/ / prf;&ygovJ¿/
3. cifAsm; b,fu vmovJ¿/
/ b,fwkH;u vmcJhovJ¿/
/ / a&mufcJhovJ¿/
/ / a&;cJhovJ¿/
/ / ajymcJhovJ¿/
/ / vkyfcJhovJ¿/
4. 'gukd rif;vkyfw,f r[kwfvm; ¿/
'DykH rif;qGJw,f / ¿/
'Dvkd rif;ajymw,f / ¿/
'Dpm rif;a&;w,f / ¿/
xGmESif; ESifh rcrf;vkH

a&S;oa&mtcg qif;&Jom;vifr,m;wGif om;xGmESif;ESifh
orD;rcrf;vkHqkdonfh om;orD;ESpfOD;&SdMuonf/ t&G,fra&mufcif
rdb ESpfyg;qkH;Muojzifh armifESrESpfa,mufwnf; aeMu&onf/
]]nDrav;a& tpfukd iSufypfoGm;OD;r,f b,frS roGm;eJYaemf}}
]][kwfuJh}}/
tpfukdjzpfol jyefa&mufaomtcg &vmonfhiSufuav;rsm;
ukd csufjyKwfpm;aomufNyD; aysmf&iT fpGmaexkdifMuonf/ þokdYjzifh
armifESrESpfa,muf aexkdifvmcJhMu&m umvMumanmif;aomf
t&G,fa&mufvmcJhMuonf/
waeYaomtcg tpfukdjzpfolonf &GmxJrS Opöm"e<u,f0
aom trsdK;orD;wOD;ESifh tdrfaxmifusavonf/ tpfukdajymonfrSm
]]nDrav;vJ tpfukdeJYvkdufaerS jzpfr,f/ wpfa,mufwnf;
aecJhvkdY rjzpfbl;}}/
]][kwfuJh tpfukd}}/
a,mu©rjzpfolonf cifyGef;\nDrcrf;vkHtm; Munfhír&
acs/
]]'Daumifrav; igwkdYqDa&mufvmwm raumif;bl;/ tvdrf
rmeJY cyfjrefjrefESifrSyJ}}/
xkdYaMumifh olYa,mufsm;jzpfoltm; olYnDr raumif;aMumif;
ukef;wkdufavawmhonf/
]]&SifhnDrukd a&cyfckdif;wm rvkyfEkdifbl;wJh awmfa&}}
]][kwfvm;? at;uGm igMunfhajymygOD;r,f}}/
aemufwpfaeYwGifvnf;-
]]ukdxGm;eif; rcrf;vkHukd xif;oGm;o,fckdif;wm ro,fEkdifbl;
vkdY jyefatmfw,f awmfa& MunfhajymygOD;&Sifh}}
]]tJtJ igMunfhajymvkdufyghr,f? tpwkef;u ol'v D kd r[kwfyg
bl;uGm}}/
aemufwpfcgwGifvnf;-
]]ukdxGm;eif; rcrf;vkH tkd;xJu [if;awG tm;vkH; pm;ypf
vkdufvkdY npm[if;r&Sdawmhbl;awmh}}/
þokdY ZeD;jzpfol\ rMumrMum acsxkd;rIaMumifh ukdxGmeif;
onf ESrav; crf;vkHtm; tdrfrS ESifypfvkdufonf/
]][Jhcrf;vkH ightdrfrSm raeeJY? xGufoGm;prf;}}/
rcrf;vkHonf t0wftpm;ESifh apmifukd,lNyD; tpfukdxGm;eif;
tdrfrS xGufoGm;&onf/
xGmeif;onf aeYwkdif;trJvkduf&m tNrJvkdvkdyif trJaumif
&vmwwfonf/ aeYwkdif; trJaumif &vmwwfaom xGmeif;tdrf
wGif &Gmom;rsm; 0kdif;0kdif;vnfjzpfaeMuonf/ trsdK;orD;rsm;uvnf;
tm;wkdif; xGmeif;xHa&mufvmNyD; xGmeif;wkdYvifr,m;ukd csD;MuL;
Muonf/ ajr§mufay;Muonf/
xGmeif;onf aeYpOf&vmaomtom;rsm;ukd &Gmom;rsm;tm;
a0iSay;aomfvnf; ESrav;crf;vkHukd vkH;0ray;acs/ wpfaeY rkd;zGJzGJ
&GmcsdefwGif xGmeif;onf awm0ufBuD;wpfaumifukd ypfavonf/
awm0ufBuD;onf raoyJ xGufajy;ojzifh taz:jzpfol
&rf'kESifhtwl ajc&mcHvkdufMuonf/ wpfrkdifavmuf a&mufaomtcg
awmuf0ufBuD; aoaeonfukd awGUMu&onf/ xGmeif;onf tMuH
wpfck &ojzifh-
]][Jh &rf'J
k &GmxJu vlawGukd xGmeif;wpfa,muf awmxJ
rSm aoNyDvkdYajymacs/ awm0ufBuD;&w,fvkdY rajymeJY ighukdb,fol
wu,fcspfw,fqkdwm prf;csifvkdY}}/
&rf'konf xGmeif;ajymonft h wkdif; xGmeif;wpfa,muf
awmxJwGif awm0ufyufí aoqkH;aMumif;&GmwGif armif;xkav
onf/
xkdtcsdefwGif rkd;uvnf; onf;xefpGm&GmaeaomaMumifh &Gm
om;rsm;onf xGmeif;aoqkH;aMumif; odaomfvnf; wpfOD;wpf
a,mufrQ tjyifrxGufMuacs/
]]aowJholvJ aoNyD? rkd;&Gmaew,f? igwkdY oGm;vkdY rjzpfbl;}}/
okdYaomf ESrav;crf;vkHonf tpfukdaoaMumif; ododcsif;
acgif;wGifobufjcHKum ikd,kdNyD; awmxJajy;oGm;awmhonf/
rcrf;vkHonf tpfukdjzpfolxGmeif;tm; zufí ikd,kdae&m
tawmfMumonfhwkdif &Gmom;rsm; ay:rvmMuacs/ ol\cspfZeD; jzpf
olyif vkH;0ay:rvmacs/
xkdtcg xGmeif;onf ]]aMomfJ olrsm;wumtdrfvmNyD;
ajr§mufyifhMuwm igukdcspfvkdYr[kwf/ ig&vmwJhtom;ukd a0pkvkdcsif
vkdY ighukdcspf[efaqmifMuwmyJ/ wu,fwrf; ighukdcspfwm wrd0rf;
wGif;u wtlwkHqif;vmwJh igESrav;crf;vkHygyJvm;}}/
xGmeif;onf ao[efaqmif&mrS xNyD; ]]crf;vkH nDrav; ig
wu,fraoygbl;uGm/ rif;&JUarwÅmw&m;ukd igem;vnfygNyD/ rif;
tay:rSm igjyKrdcJwmawG cGifhvw G fyg 'DaeYupNyD; igwkdYarmifESr
twlwlaeMur,faemf}}/
Nnf:auj.puf.uef trf,wmef,yD;egif.qif:uef/
vkH;aph = t"dyÜg,f
1. a&S;oa&mtcg rldof;ugef,ugef,eef.
2. qif;&Jom; ulef:zmef
3. vifr,m; zlofar:
4. qif;&Jom;vifr,m;wGif wD;zlofar:ulef:zmef
5. orD; vkuf;bdif:
6. ESpfOD; Ogifauj.
7. ra&muf trf,xkdif
(t&G,fra&mufcif rldof;yh,xkdifymef)
8. t&G,f qlof< - ymef<?
9. rdbESpfyg; ayj;sr;Ogifqof;
10. qkH; - ao OAif;uGj, - wmhuGj,
11. tpfukd qmh: (yD;tmh;)
12. iSuf eluf.
13. ypf bkdof:? ykdwf:
14. b,frS wD;v[auj;
15. roGm;eJYaemf bj,ayuGj,ej;
16. jyefa&muf ckdef:Mwf;xkdifrj:
17. jyefa&mufvmaomtcg rldof;ckdef:Mwf;xkdifrj:
18. &vmonfh - &vmaom tefvh;rj:
19. aysmf&TifpGm rlef;rlef;Olod f:aO
20. aexkdifMuonf tgefbl,Oof:bl,bof;
21. þodkYjzifh pAwf:ehaO
(csufjyKwf pkif - wlrf;)
22. armifESr yD;tmh;egif.bdif:
23. aexkdifvmcJhMu&m bl,Oof:rj:
24. umv cmof:bmrf:
25. Mumanmif;aomf rldof;pkdifrj:eef.
26. wpfaeYaomtcg rldof;oef:ekdif;

27. &GmxJrS vkuf.wD;e[:rmef;=wD;e[:rmef;?
28. Opöm"e clof:vAif:
29. <u,f0aom tefrmuf;rD:
30. trsdK;orD;wpfOD; bdif:Omofauj.ekdif;
31. tdrfaxmifusavonf sw,ej;Ndef:
32. a,mu©r yD;emif: = yD;vlof:?
33. a,mu©rjzpfolonf auj.yAefyD;emif:eh.
34. cifyGef; zlof
35. Munfhí wlnf:aO
36. tvdr®meJY tofwmif:vuf:vSrfaO
37. cyfjrefjref z[:z[:
38. ESifrSyJ apj;vkdyf;aOugef, (ESif-vkdyf;)
39. xkdYaMumihf ugyf;eef
40. olYa,mufsm;jzpfoltm; wD;pif:auj.yAefulef:qmh:
41. olYnDr raumif;aMumif; vgif;egif.bdif:ref:trf,vDeef.
42. ukef;wkdufavawmhonf cj.cmhbof.
43. ckdif; q[. (a&cyf- wAuf:erf.)
44. rvkyfEkdifbl;wJh trf,pAwf:vh;oj;
45. awmfa& Oloj; (xif;- zkdef:)
46. aemufwpfaeYwGifvnf; xkdifrj:xSif;oef:ekdif;auj;
47. oGm;o,fckdif;wm q[.uGj,awj.
48. ro,fckdif;bl;vkd. - oK;trf,awK.vh;
49. jyefatmfw,f ckdef:ymof,tldof;_ckdef:wgyf,
50. tpwkef;u urf:tgefwmif: ('Dvkd-qlid f.eh)
51. aemufwcgwGifvnf; xSif;yguf;ekdif;auj;
52. npm[if; zuf:cof;crf;
53. rMumrMum trf,pkdiftrf,pkdif
54. acsxkd; aO,? (cdwf:)

55. ESifypfvkdufonf vkdyf;ySwf;uGj,bof;
56. t0wftpm; clof:ekdif;wmif:rh<
57. aeYwkdif; ul;oef:
(trJaumif wlofxldef,)
58. tNrJvkdvkdyif prf.ul;yguf;yguf;? prf.wj,aO,
59. &Gmom;rsm; ulef:rmef;cof
60. 0kdif;0kdif;vnfjzpfaeonf yAeftkrf,yAefoSif:
61. trsdK;orD;rsm; zl;bdif:cof
62. tm;wkdif; wef:rldof;v[ (urf:wef:)
63. csD;MuL;Muonf tgefbgif;bof;
64. ajr§mufay;Muonf bgif;yefbof;
65. aeYpOf ul;oef:
66. a0iSay;onf rSif,yef
67. vkH;0ray; trf,yefaOtdwf:
68. rkd;zGJzGJ&GmcsdefwGif rldof;zlefwluf:bgh:bgh:
69. awm0uf rlxldef,
70. xGufajy; vSef;ymh;
71. tazmf wh:auj.
72. ajc&mcHvkdufMuonf tgefqgrf:Mh:wdef
73. wpfrkdifavmuf cldof;? rguf;? ymef<ekdkif;vuf:
74. tMuH wmif:ch;q[
(ajymacs vmwf;sv;)
65. prf;csifvkdY ch;qgyf,ulnf:
76. yufí ywf.aO
77. aoqkH;aMumif; vgif;oj;ref:whm
78. &GmwGif e[:rmef;(omef;)
79. armif;xkavonf wgh,rgif:
80. xkdtcsdefwGif rldof;urf:eef.

81. odaomfvnf; N.bl,auj;
82. wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ auj.ekdif;ulnf:auj;_auj.v[auj;
83. aowJholvJ auj.wmhauj;
84. okdYaomf ulnf:uj;
85. ododcsif; ayj:N.urf:vAofbof.
86. wbufjcHKum zj;wgrf;aO
87. ikd,kdNyD; Mif.ph;aO
88. zufí ugwf,aO
89. tawmfMumonfhwkdif awj,ayj:pkdifwmef,wmef,
90. ay:rvmacs trf,ayj,rj:
91. cspf[efaqmif pAwf:pmif;puf. (pAwf:uAif;puf.)
92. wu,fwrf; tefsw.ref:
93. wrd0rf;wGif;u vkuf;wgif.sr;vAof
94. wtlwkHqif;vmwJh tefvkuf.Oh;vAoftguf,rj:
95. em;vnfygNyD N.ygif,q[bof;
96. igjyKrdwmawG tefuofpAwf:rSef;rj:qldof:eef.
97. cGifhvGwfyg ygh,omif:yefsv;
98. 'DaeYupNyD; sw,tofrldof;eh.uGj,
99. igwkdYarmifESr pj:yD;egif.
bmomjyefjcif;
xkdtcsdefwGif rkd;uvnf; onf;xefpGm &GmaeaomaMumifh
rldof;eef. ugyf;zlefauj; wluf:pSif:ej,oh.sv;
&Gmom;rsm;onf xGmeif;aoqkH;aMumif;odaomfvnf;
ulef:omef;cofeh. yduf.Orf. N.oj; xGj,edef:wmhuGj,auj;
wpfOD; wpfa,mufrQ tjyifrxGufMuacs/
auj.ekdif;ulnf:auj; trf,tguf,wmif:eguf;/
]]aowJholvJ aoNyD? rkd;&Gmaew,f igwkdYoGm;vkdY rjzpfbl;}}/
]]auj.whmauj; ayj:wmhuGj,bof./ zlef:wluf:oh.bl, qldof:pof:trf,
uGj,vh;}}
(1) okdYaomf ESrav; crf;vkHonf (2) tpfukdaoaMumif;
ododcsif; (3) acgif;wGifwbufjcHKum (4) idk,kdNyD; (5) awmxJ
ajy;oGm;awmhonf/
(1) ulnf:oj; auj.yAefegif.bdif:crf:vlifeh. (2) ayj:N.
oj; qmh:wmhuGj,bof.eh (urf:vAof)auj; (3) tofzj;wgrf;NofaO
(4) Mif.ph;aO (5) vSef;uGj, wD;e[:xldef,bof./
(1) rcrf;vkHonf (2) tpfukdjzpfolxGmeif;tm; (3) zufí
(4) idk,kd ae&m (5) tawmfMumonfhwkdif (6) &Gmom;rsm; (7)
ay:rvmMuacs/
(1) bdif:crf:vlifeh. (3) ugwf, (2) wD;auj.yAefqmh:
aO (4) ph;bl,? (5) awj,ayj:pkdifwmef,wmef,auj; (6) ulef:
rmef;coftrf,ayj,rj:/
(1) ol\cspfZeD;jzpfolyif (2) vkH;0ay:rvmacs/

(1) awj;uj; auj.yAefar:puf.ref:auj; (2) bif:trf,
ayj,rj:aOtdwf:/
(1) xkdtcg (2) xGmeif;onf (3) ]]aMomf- olrsm;wum
tdrfvmNyD; (4) ajr§mufyifhMuwm (5) ighukdcspfvkdYr[kwf}}/
(1) urf:eef. (2) xGj,edef:N.oj; (3) ]]atj:rj:Ndef:
yldef;aO (4) tgefbgif;bl,eh. (5) cofpuf.uoftrf,q[;/
(1) ig&vmwJhtom;ukd (2) a0pkvkdcsifvkdY (3) ighukdcspf[ef
aqmifMuwmyJ/
(2) ugyf;cfG;vh;cgifrSif,uof (1) eldof.tefuofvh;rj:eef.
sv; (3) pAwf:pmif;puf.uofvlifbl,/
(1) wu,fwrf; (2) ighukdcspfwm (3) wrd0rf;wGif;u
(4) wtlwkHqif;vmwJh (5) ighESrav;crf;vkHygyJvm;/
(1) tefsw.ref: (2) tefpuf.uofeh. (5) ulnf:yAef
egif.bdif:uofcrf:vlif, (4) tefvkuf.wD;wgif.vAofOh;vAof vlif:
rj:eh.ulnf:Mh:/
(1) xGmeif;onf (2) ao[efaqmif&mrS xNyD; (3) ]]crf;vkH
(4) nDrav;? (5) igwu,fraoygbl;uGm/ (6) rif;&JUarwåm
w&m;ukd? (7) igem;vnfygNyD}}/
(1) xGj,edef:eh. (2) vkuf.vmuf;zmwf,aO tefpAwf:
pmif;wmheef.aObof. oj; (3) ]]crf:vlif,J (4) egif.bdif:?
(5) uoftrf,wmhsw.? (7) uofN.ygif,q[ (6) rAwf.wj,xrf:r[:
bof.}}/
(1) rif;&Jtay:rSm (2) igjyKrdcJhwmawG (3) cGifhvGwfyg/

(4) 'DaeYupNyD; (5) igwkdYarmifESr (6) twlwl (7) aeMur,faemf/
(2) qldof:tefuofpAwf:rj: (1) wD;eldofr[:eef. (3) ygh,
omif:yefsv; (4) sw,tofrldof;eh.uGj, (5) pj:yD;egif.uef
(7) bl,Nrf; (6) vlnf;uefuGj,ej;/
pum;ajymavhusifhjcif; = zkduf:vmwf;uGmrf:
1. cP vmygOD;^ apmifhygOD;^ ukdif^ ae^ xkdifprf;yg/
[kwfuJh bmvkyfay;&rvJ/
2. 'gukd a&eJY aq;ay;prf;yg/
[kwfuJh &w,f/
3. ulnDwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
□ wHjrufpD;eJY 'Dae&mukd vSJay;yg/
□ armifarmifukd ac:ay;prf;yg/
□ awmukd zsufvkdufyg/
□ 'D[mukd cPapmifhxm;yg/
□ armifarmifvm&if ighqDukd ac:cJhyg/
/ / igaps;oGm;w,fvkdY ajymay;prf;yg/
/ / rif;a&m ausmif;udk vmcJhyg/
/ / um;eJY erfhcrf;ukd oGm;yg/
/ / 'DrSm apmifhaeygvkdY ajymjyyg/
□ tJ'gukd ulnDNyD; r ay;yg/

□ rvSukd oGm;EdI;yg/
□ q&mukd oGm;BudKqkdMuyg/
□ q&mudk ulnDay;ygOD;/
□ a&aEG; oGm;BudKcsufyg/
□ xrif; oGm;csufyg/
zwfpm tykdif; (2)

arsmuftmZmenf
wcgaomf wHigwpfOD;onf jrpfxJrS o&ufoD;wpfvkH;ukd
&ojzifh bk&ifBuD;xH oGm;quf\/ o&ufoD;rSm t&omaumif;vGef;
í o&ufyifukd &SmazGaomtcg jrpfn§mwGif awGU&\/
bk&ifonf o&ufyifukd &Jrufrsm;jzifh 0kdif;xm;í o&ufyif
ay:wGif aexkdifMuaom arsmufig;&mwkdYrSm tawmfaMumufMuav
onf/
xkdtcg arsmufbk&ifBuD;onf ]]toifwkdY J raMumufMuESifh
tuREkfyf u,fygtHh}}/ arsmufbk&ifBuD;onf wbufurf;okdY ckeful;
oGm;NyD; EG,fwpfacsmif;ukd jzwfum tzsm;wpfzufukd opfyifukd csnf
um jyefcJhavonf/ EG,fBudK;onf tenf;i,fwkdoGm;í o&ufukdif;
ukd vufjzifh qGJxm;&av\/ ]]uJh J ighukd,fay:uyJ eif;NyD; ajy;Mu
ayawmh}}/
i,fom;rsm;onf arsmufbk&ifBuD;ukd,fay:rS eif;NyD; wzuf
urf;okdY ajy;Mu\/ aemufqkH;usefaom arsmufwpfaumifurl t
aumufMuHaompdwfjzifh ]]'Dwcgawmh ightwGuf uvJhpm;acszkdY
tcGifhaumif;yJ}} [kqkdNyD; arsmufbk&ifBuD;ay:okdY wtm;ckefcsNyD; ajy;
av\/
i,fom;tm;vkH; vGwfajrmufoGm;aomfvnf; arsmufbk&if
BuD;rSm cg;usdK;oGm;í jyif;xefpGm a0'emcHpm;ae&\/ aemufqkH;
wGif r[efEkdifawmhyJ jyKwfusoGm;avawmhonf/ vltrsm; a&muf
vmMuaomtcgwGifrl arsmufbk&ifBuD;rSm toufr&Sdawmhacs/ okdY
jzpfí o&ufyifBuD;atmufwGifyif aumif;rGefpGmjr§KyfESHvkdufMuav
awmhownf;/ wd&dpämefjzpfaomfvnf; tmZmenfyDovSygayw,f/
vkH;ap.= t"dyÜg,f
1. wpfcgaomf (wcgu) rldof;bmrf:ekdif;
2. wHigwpfOD; wrf,ij;auj.ekdif;
3. jrpf sr;erf.
4. jrpfn§m Noferf.
5. &Jruf Okduf:
6. arsmuf vdif:
7. tvGefaMumuf ulofsw.oj;
8. u,fygthH awuAof,acbl,
9. wbufurf; zmuf,ykef.
10. ckeful; oSefcmrf;
11. EG,f cldof:
12. tzsm; + t&if; ymh + iof;
13. cg; tSif;(tSof)
14. csnf rwf.
15. tenf;i,f tdwf:tgef,
16. wkdonf ygwf:
17. qGJxm;&avonf vh;qefMh;oh.bl,
18. eif; bAyf,
19. i,fom; ulef:tgef,
20. taumufMuHaompdwfjzihf rD:wif:q[ulwf.aO
21. taumufMuHonf oh.q[ulwf.? ole.fulwf.
22. vGwfajrmufonf vgwf;ylef.
23. usdK;onf pmuf:
24. jyif;xefpGm pSif:ej,
25. r[efEkdifawmhyJ trf,pAwf:pmif;vh;aO
26. jyKwfusoGm;avawmhonf vkwf;wluf:uGj,bof.

27. jr§KyfESHonf zifoh.
28. aomfvnf; auj;
29. tmZmenfyDovSygayw,f yAefauj.pwf:pmefsw.
oj;bof./
bmomjyefjcif;
(1) wcgaomf (2)wHigwpfOD;onf (3)jrpfxJrS (4)o&uf
oD;BuD;wpfvkH;ukd (5)&ojzifh (6)bk&ifBuD;xH (7)oGm;quf\/
(1)o&ufoD;rSm t&omaumif;vGef;í (2)o&ufyifukd &Sm
azGaomtcg (3)jrpfn§mwGif (4)awGU&\/
(1) rldof;bmrf:ekdif; (2) arjyjauj.ekdif;eh. (5) vh;
(4) rmuf,rlif;vlifNnf,ekdif; (3) wD;e[:sr;erf.aO (7) uGj,
Omuf; (6) xkdifwD;ckefapjcrf:bof./
(1) ugyf;rmuf,rlif;omefej,sv; (2) rldof;tefOguf;pj
wlef;rmuf,rlif;eef. (4) vh;pef (3) wD;Nofsr;erf.bof./
(1) bk&ifBuD;onf (2) o&ufyifukd (3) &Jrufrsm;jzifh

0kdif;xm;í (4) o&ufyifay:wGif aexkdifMuaom (5) arsmuf
ig;&mwkdYrSm (6) tvGefaMumufMuavonf/
(1)ckefapjcrf:eh. (3)tofwif:Okduf:oSwf.vgrf. (2)wlef;
rmuf,rlif;aO (5)qldof:yAefvdif:cofpj;ymuf, (4)tefbl,eldofwlef;
rmuf,rlif;eh. (6)yAeftefulofvlifuGj,sw.bof./
(1) xkdtcg (2) arsmufbk&ifBuD;onf (3) ]]toifwkdY

(4) raMumufMuESifh (5) tuREkfyf u,fygtHh}}/
(1)urf:eef (2)apjcrf:vdif:vlifqgif,oj; (3)]]Ol (4)bj,
ayulof (5)uofawuAof,acyefvh}}/
(1) arsmufbk&ifBuD;onf (2) wbufurf;okdY (3) ckeful;
oGm;NyD; (4) EG,fwpfacsmif;ukdjzwfum (5) tzsm;wpfzufukd (6)opf
yifukd csnfum (7) jyefcJhavonf/
(1) apjcrf:vdif:eh. (3) oSefcmrf;uGj, (2) zmh,zmuf,
ykef.aO (4) wwf:tofqlduf;cldof:OAef;ekdif;aO (5) qlduf;zmh,
ekdif;eef. (6) rwf.qyf:wlef;rh.aOsv; (7) yguf;ckdef:rj:
bof./
(1)EG,fBudK;onf (2)tenf;i,fwkdoGm;í (3)o&ufukdif;ukd

(4)vufjzifh (5)qGJxm;&av\/ (6)]]uJh (7)ighukd,fay:uyJ (8)eif;
NyD; ajy;Muayawmh}}/
(1)cldof:qlduf;eh. (2)tofygwf:uGj,tdwf:ekdif;aO (4)vh;
tofrkdof: (5)qefMh;oh. (3)wD;udif,rmuf,rlif;bof./ (6)]]tldof:J
(7)wh,uGj,wD;eldofvifuofaO (8)vSef;yhm;wj./
(1)i,fom;rsm;onf (2)arsmufbk&ifBuD;ukd,fay:rS (3)eif;

NyD; (4)wzufurf;okdY (5)ajy;Mu\/
(1)vdif:qldof:tgef,eh. (3)bAyf,wh,uGj, (2)wD;eldofvif
apjcrf:vdif:vlifaO (5)tgefymh;uGj, (4)wD;zmh,zmuf,ykef.bof./
(1) aemufqkH;usefaom (2) arsmufwpfaumifurl

(3)taumufMuHaompdwfjzifh (4)]]'Dwcgawmh (5)ightwGuf (6)uvJh
pm;acszkdY (7)tcGifhaumif;yJ}} (8)[kqkdNyD; (9)arsmufbk&ifBuD;ay:okdY
(10) wtm;ckefcsNyD; ajy;av\/
(2) vdif:wlofekdif; (1) tefukdwf:vkdef:yldef;eh.sw.
qrf: (3) rD:wif:q[ulwf.aij:aOsv;oj; (4) ]]urf:eh.sw.
qrf: (7) yAefbmrf:rmef (5) ykef;wj,uof (6) wj,awvh;
wgyf,wSef:uefbof.}} (8) ehaO (10) oSefO[, (9) wD;eldof
wlofckefvdif:vlif pSif:pSif:bof.aO ymh;ySwf;uGj,bof./
(1)i,fom;tm;vkH; vGwfajrmufoGm;aomfvnf; (2)arsmuf
bk&ifBuD;rSm (3) cg;usdK;oGm;í (4) jyif;xefpGm (5) a0'emcHpm;ae
&\/
(1) ulef:tgef,wif:OAif; vgwf;ylef.uGj,aOwj.auj;
(2)ckefvdif:vlifsw. (3)toftSif;puf:uGj,aO (5)vh;qAyf:udef:
(4)ej,vlifvmifbof./
(1) aemufqkH;wGif (2) r[efEkdifawmhyJ (3) jyKwfusoGm;av

awmhonf/
(1) urf:vkdef:Okwf: (2) trf,qmif;pAwf:pmif;vh;aO
(3)tofvkwf;wluf:uGj,bof./
(1) vltrsm; a&mufvmMuaomtcgwGifrl (2) arsmufbk&if

BuD;rSm (3) toufr&Sdawmhacs/
(1) urf:rldof; ulef:wif:vhm Mwf;xkdifrj:eef. (2) ckef
vdif:vlifeh. (3) OAif;Omuf;uGj,bof./
(1) okdYjzpfí (2) o&ufyifBuD;atmufwGifyif (3)aumif;rGef

pGm jr§KyfESHvkdufMuavawmhownf;/
(1) pAwf:eef (ugyf;eef) (3) tgefzifyef vDvD
imrf:imrf: (2) wD;wlef;rmuf,rlif;eef. ulnf:eif,uof,bof;/
(1) wd&dpämefjzpfaomfvnf; tmZmenfyDovSygayw,f/
(1) yduf.Orf. yAefOwf:ulnf:auj; yAefauj.pwf:pmef
sw.oj;bof;/
☺☺☺
pum;ajymavhusifhjcif;
'g,umESpfOD;
OD;cspf / / 'DouFef;ukd eE´0efausmif;wkdufrSm&SdwJh OD;okynm(tm;)
ukd vSLvkdufyg/
ukdukdnD / / [kwfuJh uRefawmfvSLvkdufyghr,f/ 'gayr,fh eE´0ef
ausmif;wkdufukdoGm;&if b,fuaeNyD; oGm;&ovJ/ vrf;
ukd wqdwfavmuf ñTefjyygOD;/
OD;cspf / / rif;u rlp,fukda&muf&if yef;aeMum wnf;ckdcef;rSm
wnf;yg/ tJ'Dwnf;ckdcef;u eE´0efausmif;wkdufeJYu eD;yg
w,f/ aps;&yfuGufxJrSm&Sdw,f/ wnf;ckdcef;uaeNyD;
awmifbufqDukd vrf;avQmufvkdufyg/ okdYr[kwf puf
bD;eJY oGm;yg/ cPav;ygyJ a&mufoGm;rSmyg/
ukdukdnD / / OD;okynmu eE´0efausmif;&JU(\) q&mawmfvm;/
OD;cspf / / ]]r[kwfyg/ olu pmcsq&mawmfyg/
ukdukdnD / / 'gjzifh ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfu b,folvJ/
OD;cspf / / q&mawmf OD;0dok'¨vkdY ac:ygw,f/
ukdukdnD / / [kwfuJh? 'gavmufqd&k if uRefawmftwGuf vG,fulNyD/
uJ oGm;tkH;r,f/
OD;cspf / / [kwfuJh aemufawGUOD;pkdY/
☺☺☺
nD tpfukd pum;ajymavhusifhjcif;
nD / / tpfukd uRefawmf yxrwef;jrefrmpmukd oifaeyg
w,f/ uRefawmfBudK;pm;yghr,f/
tpfudk / / BudK;pm;yg? ZGJravsmheJY? jrefrmpm awmfawmfcufw,f/
'gayrJ rwwfvkdY rjzpfbl;/
nD / / bmjzpfvkdYvJ tpfukd/
tpfukd / / jrefrmEkdifiHrSm Ak'b
¨ mom xGef;um;aewJh EkdifiH jzpfyg
w,f/ Ak'¨pmayrSm ukd,fusifhw&m; aumif;rGefa&;?
olwyg;tm; arwåmxm;NyD; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;?
oltwGuf ukd,ftwGuf pdwfcsrf;oma&; pwJh Ak'¨&JU
tqkH;trawmfawG &Sdw,f/ tJ'DtaMumif;awGukd
jrefrmpmeJY tawmhukd jynfhpkHatmif a&;om;xm;wJh
pmtkyfawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ wjcm;wkdif;jynfuvJ
tJ'DpmtkyfawGukd avhvmMuw,f/ bmomjyefMuw,f
av/ 'gaMumifhrkdY rwwfvkdY rjzpfbl; nDav;/
nD / / 'gjzifh tJ'DpmtkyfawGukd avhvmusufrSwf&if vlawmf

vlaumif; jzpfEkdifwmayghaemf/
tpfukd / f kdufav nDav;&,fJ vlawmfvlaumif;jzpfNyD;

/ rSev
udk,fcsrf;om pdwfcsrf;omjzpfcsif&if pmBudK;pm;yg/
nD / / [kwfuJh uRefawmfBudK;pm;yghr,f/
☺☺☺
Translation
Tsunamis like those that wreaked havoc across Asia on
Sunday, leaving thousands dead, are massive waves that are
usually caused by earthquakes deep under the ocean floor, and
can travel vast distances.
vSif:erf.Ol,ej,rD, qldif.eif,pAwf:P;az:vDulofvDumuf, tef
vkyf,zmef,ukefat:OBj: uGj,rldof;[yD 2005? vldefWD,Odrf:Yldof, 26 oef:]
oef:tj:wdwf.? tefpAwf:P; ulef:tmeff,NofpAifwhmuGj,eh. yAefMef
vSif:erf.vlif tefyAefrj:ugyf; tdif,Oef, wF;ydkef.erf.vkduf.
ymif,vmh,aO Orf.qmif;vkyf,vhvh; uGj,uhuheef.bof;/
Born of strong seismic shocks, tsunamis can reach huge
heights and speeds, picking up strength as they cross the ocean
often with disastrous results thousands of kilometers from their
origin.
Ol,ej,rD, tefayj,yAefrj: ugyf;tdif,Oef,eh. vkuf.wD;ref:
sw,qj.ayj,rj:eef.aO rldof;zmef,ymif,vmh,eef. qmif;pSif:bF,?
ckdef;Okifrj:vlifvmif? qkdef,pSif:bF,wldof:rj:aO qmif;yefzgef:
vl.vSofvh; tmef,NofpAifvuf: bl,bof;/
Additionally, despite their strength, they can be barely

noticeable out at sea. "If you are on a boat, you might not even
feel a tsunami," said Wong Wing-tak, senior scientific officer
of the Hong Kong Observatory.
vldofaOeef. yduf.Orf. cofrD:pSif:xmef,eef.aOwj.auj;
pof:trf,qmif;N.vh;ref: wD;eldofzdoferf./ Oifqldof.oj; qof;uof,
rD:wD;eldofNdof:eh blofawtrf,qmif;Nl.vh;oj; ref:yAef Ol,ej,rD,
ehbl,/
"It become powerful only when it is near the shore and
reaches shallow water, which then can push waves over ten
times higher than the sea water level"
ref:pSif:bF,rj: rldof;ref:qrfzif,erf.sv;wD;erf.wkdef;aO
urf:eefpSif:ckdef;wldof:uGj, wgef:aOumiferf. Odyf:ykef;ayj:trf,uj:
bof;/
While they can also be caused by landslides, volcanic

eruptions, the most common cause is an undersea earthquake,
especially in areas such as the Pacific where there is significant
movement of the Earth's tectonic plates.
zgif:eef ugyf;vgif;tdif,Oef, wF;erf.ymif,vmh, - yldifvlif
ref: wD;ymif,vhm,yqdZAuf. wD;tefyAefiof;iSef;tdif,Oef, uh.yAef
eef.sv; Ol,ej,rD,eh. qmif;pAwf:P;vdefulef,? vghzh:wSuf,bof;/
"Tidal waves are not a common phenomenon as usually

only an earthquake that's over 7.7 on the Richter scale is
capable of causing tidal waves," Wong said.
cdif:omif,vmwf;oj; XXvSif:erf.qldof:eh. trf,qF;tefref:
uh.bmrf;yAefblof:blof:/ yldifvlifref: yAefrj:ugyf;tdif,Oef, tefrD:
pSif: Ih.wj,Oau: 7.7 vldofvldofeef.CCoj;eh/
Tsunamis travel outward in all directions from the

epicenter of an earthquake and can savagely attack coastlines,'
he said. "It can travel at speeds of several hundred kilometers
per hour,' he said.
ref:oj; XXOl,ej,rD,eh. vkuf.wD;iof;sw,tdif,Oef,eef.
aO ref:vhzmef,uGj,vh; ul;wD;ul;vSvSefaO qmif;bj.vh; zif,erf.
vlifvmifCCoj;eh/ ref:oj; XXtefeef. qmif;uGj,zF:vh; eF:ekdif;
qlof;rgif: tmef,Nofymuf,uD,vlof,rD,wj,CCoj;eh/
In 1960, a huge tidal wave traveling at 75o kilometers
an hour smashed into Japan, having been caused by a series of
quakes in Chile, on the side of the Pacific Ocean. Hundreds
were left dead.
rldof;yD 1960 eef. vSif:erf.vlif tefekdif;qlof;rgif: yof,zF:
750 uD,vlof,rD,wj, tefyAef ugyf;rj: tdifurf:urf:Oef, wD;ymif,vmh,
yqdZAuf. eF:rldif:cBD,vD,eef. ywf.yof,bj.rldif:uBj,ymef,rj:/ pAwf:pF;
ulef:wmhrj:tmef,Nofymuf,ref:/
In September 1992, a tsunami destroyed the homes of

some 13 million people on the Nicaraguan coast. Two months
later, villagers in Bali in Indonesia, were swept by a series of
giant waves that left thousands dead.
rldof;yD 1992 eF:vldefOSyf.wdrf,yldof, vSif:erf.Ol,ej,rD,
bj.vSofrj: pldef:ulef:cof 13 vmef. qgrf:zif,erf.eD,uIj,uGmef,oj;eh/
ohm:eef.Ogifvldef vSif:erf.vlif tefurf:urf:ayj,eef. vkyf,vgif;
ySwf; omef;wmif:erf wD;ukefyj,vD, eF:rldif:tdef,wl,eD:OBj:aO
pAwf:P;ulef:tmef,pAif vh;wmhrj:/
On July17, 1998, two quakes that measured 7 on the

Richter scale caused tidal waves of 10 meters high that ravaged
a30 kilometer stretch of the northern coast of Papua New
Guinea. Seven villages were destroyed, and the official death
toll was 2, 123.
rldof;yD 1998 vldefuBL,vhm, tdifOef,Ogifyguf; tefrD:pSif: 7
Ih.wj,Oau:eef. pAwf;P;uldwf,yAef Mef,vSif:erf.Okif 10 rD,wj,
tefbj.vSofrj:eF:qlof; 30 uD,vlof,rD,wj, qgrf:zif,erf. yj,yk ebl:
uD,eD,rj:/ omef; 7 omef;vl.vSofuGj,aO ulef:wmhuGj, 2123? cmof,imof:
oj;eh/
Alert to the destructive capacity of tsunamis, Pacific
Rim countries coordinate and share their observations of the
ocean. Tsunami alert centre in Hawaii collects information
about possible tidal waves.
ykef;wj,awZmif.yefOl,ej,rD, rD:pSif:qmif;bj.eef. rldif:
wif:erf qldof:pdrf:pgrf:yqdZAuf.cof Nrf;Mrf:uefaO rSif,uefyF.wlnf:
ymif,vhm,bl,/ iof;ikef:Mif;Zmif.Ol,ej,rD, wD;pj,oh,bD, uAyf:Mrfwgrfql.
cmof, vgif;ref:awyAefvh; MefvSif:erf.bl,bof;/
10. wgef;acj;wgyf,
wj,wgef;zkduf:vSef,ul;wgef;wgef;
acj;wgyf, zkduf:vSef, wgef;edkif;
(u) 1. eh. wD;
2. rj qhm:qhm:/
3. eh. olof:/
4. cdif:pAif wD;Ndef:/
5. eh. cgef. wD;
6. eh. emif:emif:/
7. eh. vSif Nif:pAef:/
8. eh. olof:/
9. eh. tof aO
10. eh. tof uGmif/
11. arjyj tof aO yj/
12. ugif; ulef:qlef/
13. vduf;/
(c) 1. wD;el/
2. rSof:/
3. arjOgefeh.
4. bdif:bdif:/
5. qhm:qhm:eh. vduf;/
6. bdif:bdif:eh. cD,vSifaO
7. tofvSrf;xkef
(i) 1. uofeh. udef cof;/

2. qhm:qhm:eh. uGj, wD;Ndef:bof;/
3. bdif:vj.eh. rj:bl, wD;Nif:pAef:/
(bdif:vj.eh. rj: wD;Nif:pAef: bl,)/
4. rjeh. Clyf:bof. wD;zl;bdif:(clyf:wD;zl;bdif:bof;)/
5. uofcj;eh. tofuj:aO uGj,rj: wD;ref:wav:bof./
(uofcj;eh. tofuj:aO uGj, wD;ref:wav:rj:bof;)
6. rkefqof; oh; Tzj:bof./
7. vkuf;Okduf:cofeh. wkduf:bof. wD;cAefcof/
8. zl;ulef:vDeh. y[.yj: xrf:qof;bof./
9. Oldofeh. clyf: rj./
10. wrf,ij;eh. OSof; yj/
(q) 1. { ? 2. Â ? 3. { ? 4. {
5. Â ? 6. { ? 7. { ? 8. Â /
(O)
1. sr;yj;eh.(acj;uwf.wj:) tofwif:uj:aO(acj;qgh;)
rj:wD;Ndef:uofcj;(udIdbj,_acj;Ol,ql:)/
2. vkif:uofcj;eh.(uwf.wj:) puf.(udIdbj,)
uofcj;sw.sw. (urfr)/
3. rjeh.(uwf.wj:) clyf:pSrf(udIdbj,) uh,(urf<)/
4. bdif:rlofcrf:eh.(uwf.wj:) yuf:(udIdbj,) rguf,umh:vof:(urf<)/
5. arjrkdof:eh.(uwf.wj:) tofqldof:yAefrh.aO(acj;qgh;)
pAwf:(udIdbj,) Ndef:bl,(urf<)/
6. qof;ej:eh.(uwf.wj:) tofzldof(acj;qgh;) zldof(udIdbj,)
ej:(urf<) bl,(udIdbj,qhg;)/
7. qof;Ndof:cofeh.(uwf.wj:) tofNdof:(acj;qgh;)
zhm:cmrf;(udIdbj,) erf.bl,(urf<)/
8. qhm:qhm:eh.(uwf.wj:) tofvSifaO(acj;qgh;) uGj,(udIdbj,)

wD;Nif:pAef:(acj;ql:)/
9. egif.qmh:tgef,eh.(uwf.wj:) toftkifaO(acj;qgh;)
pAwf:(udIdbj,) pmif;uGhm:bl,(acj;ql:)/
10. bdif:Omofeh.(uwf.wj:) tofwmif:rguf,aO(acj;qgh;)
yl,aqj,(udIdbj,) ugif:rl:(urf<)/
avhusifhcef; tykdif;(1) twGuf tajzrSef

(u) 1. onf rS
2. acG; armifarmif
3. onf rvS
4. &GmolMuD; ukd
5. onf 'kwf ukd
6. armifarmif
7. onf pufbD; ausmif;
8. onf orif
9. onf jzifh ukd
10. onf orif jzifh
11. wHig jzifh
12. aoewf &efol
13. onf pmukd
(c) 1. <uufukd
2. aMumifukd
3. q&monf
4. rvSudk
5. uRefawmfonf pmukd
6. rvSonf pufbD;jzifh
7. ajrjzLjzifh
(*) 1. uRefawmfonf xrif;ukd pm;\ /

2. armifarmifonf ausmif;okdY oGm;\/
3. r,fvSonf ausmif;okdY vm\/
4. acG;onf rdef;rukd ukduf\/
5. uRefawmfonf um;jzifh rEÅav;okdY oGm;cJhonf/
6. bkef;BuD;onf bk&m;ukd &Sdckd;\/
7. ppfom;wkdYonf &efolwkdYukd wkdufMu\/
8. olawmfaumif;onf w&m;ukd apmifh\/
9. usm;u jrif;ukd ukduf\/
10. wHigonf ig;wkdYukd zrf;\ /
(C) 1. { ? 2. Â ? 3. { ? 4. {
5. Â ? 6. { ? 7. { ? 8. Â /
(i)
1. ta':onf(uwåm;) uRefawmftdrfokdY(a&S;½I) um;jzifh(tokH;cH)
vm\ (Bud,m)/
2. uRefawmfOD;BuD;onf(uwåm;) uRefawmfukd(uH)
tvGefcspf\ (Mud,m)/
3. ra&TMumonf(uwåm;) ESif;qDyef;ukd(uH) yef\(Bud,m)/
4. vuform;onf(uwåm;) opfwkdYjzifh(tokH;cH) tdrfukd(uH)
aqmufae\ (Bud,m)/
5. ul;wkdYo®m;onf(uwåm;) avSjzifh tokH;cH) jrpfukd(uH)
avSmfcwfaeonf (Bud,m)/
6. armifarmifonf(uwåm;) pufbD;jzifh(tokH;cH) ausmif;ukd(a&S;½I)
oGm;\ (Bud,m) /
7. nDav;onf(uwåm;) &THUESifh(tokH;cH) uRJ½kyfukd(uH)
vkyfae\ (Bud,m)/
8. tysKdunmonf(uwåm;) yef;rsm;jzifh(tokH;cH) apwDukd(uH)
ylaZmfaeonf (Bud,m)/
9. acG;onf(uwåm;) Muufukd(uH) ukdufowf\(Bud,m)/
10. v,fo®m;onf(uwåm;) xGefjzif(h tokH;cH) v,fukd(uH)
xGef\ (Bud,m)/
acj;wgyf, zkduf:vSef, wgef;Ogif

(u) 1. eh. vkuf.wD;
2. bdif:bdif: wD;
3. ugyf; sv;
4. cgif Nif:bj/
5. eh. wD;
6. rldof;
7. eh. 7 rgif:/
8. eh. urf uGj,wD;
9. uof
10. wD;
(u) 1. vkuf.wD;
2. P;
3. cgif wD;
4. ugyf; sv;
5. cgif ugyf; sv;
6. P;
7. cgif vkuf.wD; cD,

8. vkuf.wD;
9. wD;
10. eh. wD;
(i) 1. P;vkuf;pAef:bof./
2. vkuf.erf.crf:
3. qgrf:Ixj:aO vlnf;wh:auj.ref:
4. wD;oAfif:erf.crf:atj;/
5. ugyf;trf,bl,vDsv;
6. ugyf;zlefsv;
7. wD;eldofugif:
8. wD;ch,bl,
9. vkuf.wD;Nif:pAef: wD;Ndef:bof./
10. P;qof;Ipmef:/
(q)
1. egif.qmh:uofcj;eh. qgrf:uj: rj: vkuf.wD;ref:wav:/
2. Oax:tej,xydef,eh. yefP; wmif:udef P;ulef:zmefcof
bof./
3. ar:ref:eh. pAwf:umefbl, wD;Ndef:/
4. ugyf;il:wgwf,sv; ref:eh. vh;ckdef; wD;Nif:bj bof./
5. ugyf;wmif:zdwf: qhm:qhm:sv; ej;umef vh;vl.bof./
6. ref:eh. ugyf;uj:vSofsv; trf,rj:vh;/
7. sr;uofcj;eh. vkuf.wD;Mif;umef yguf;rj: wD;Ndef: bof./
8. ckefoef:eh. vkuf.wD;ej;wmif:tguf, tguf,rj:bof./
9. uRif:eef,woef,eh. rD: uj;wD;rl,aq;/
10. ulef:oAif:cofeh. tgefvl,wmef: cof;Ogrf:Omef wif:Ogrf:
Okuf: P;qof;Oif,cj,cofqof;/
(O)
1. wD;yyf.vduf;qldof:eh.(urf<) cyf.oh.(udIdbj,) wD;e[:yD,wlof,
tldof;(acj;sewD;bl,)/
2. tofrmef,aO(acj;qgh;) cyf.oh.(udIdbj,) wD;yvmif,Tzj:yAef
qof;(sewD;bl,) P;ayj:pmif;vDbof./
3. qof;ugef:qldif:eh.(uwf.wj:) bkuf.bgif;yef(udIdbj,) qkdof;
pwf:pmef(urf<) P;qhm:qhm:bof.(acj;pyf.)/
4. qof;wkefcl:eh.(uwf.wj:) Oif,Ogef(udIdbj,-Orf,yef,x)
wD;qldof:way:(urf<) bof.aO(udIdbj,-Orf,yef,x)
vkuf.wD;eif;(acj;yAefwD;tguf,) vkuf.uGj,bof;(udIdbj,)/
5. bdif:Olrf;zmwf,eh.(uwf.wj:)
ugyf;pmif;qj. Orf.q[pmh.sv;(acj;se;vgif;)
tgefMif.oj;(udIdbj,) bdif:Olrf;zmwf,ehbof.(acj;xSrf)/
6. ugyf;zlefvDsv;(acj;sevgif;) cof;auj;(uwf.wj:)
tguf,erfwldof:bof.(udIdbj,)/
7. oAif:rl,aq;eh.(uwf.wj:) ugyf;wmif:uj.vDsv;(acj;sevgif;)
ulef:(acj;xSrf-uwf.wj:rmhOgif) ukdef:oh.bl,(udIdbj,)/
8. qgif:Ogefvduf;eef,woef,eh.(urf<) wif;(udIdbj,)
rldof;yDOj,Oej, 2535-vldefySwf,yxr pj;oef:bof. (acj;
secmof:)/
9. sr;uofcj;eh.(uwf.wj:) ugyf;uofcj;cwf:q[vduf;sv;(acj;se
vgif;) puf.(udIdbj,) uofcj;(urf<) sw.(udIdbjodaOOe)/
10. tefqgh;xSrf P;yldef;eh.(uwf.wj:) yAef(udIdbj,)
wmif:bmrf;vD(urf<) bof.(udIdbj,)/
avhusifhcef;rsm; tydkif;(2)
(u) 1. onf rS
2. rvS rSm
3. onf aomaMumifh okdY

4. \ aq;½kH
5. rSm ukd
6. rSm tvkyf
7. 9-em&D
8. onf azgifwdef \
9. uRefawmf
10. onf rSm
(c) 1. rS
2. tm;
3. \ rSm
4. aomaMumifh
5. \ aomaMumifh
6. tm;
7. \ rS jzifh
8. u
9. 0,f
10. 0,f u
(*) 1. wjynfhtm;
2. erfhcrf;rS
3. olr\oli,fcsif;ESifh &xm;jzifh
4. erfhcrf;rSm
5. aeraumif;aomaMumifh
6. rkd;BuD;aomaMumifh
7. uRef;ay:ü - Munf;ukef;ü
8. OwkdYukd
9. ausmif;rS tdrfwGif
10. &[ef;tm;
(C)
1. uRefawmf\nDonf um;jzifh rEÅav;rS vm\/
2. olaX;temxydPfonf qif;&Jolqif;&Jrsm;tm; pm;aomuf
zG,fwkdYukd ay;urf;\/
3. ol\rdef;ronf tdrfrmS tvkyfvkyfae\/
4. olonf a>rukdufojzifh aq;&kHokdY wuf&onf/
5. armifarmif\trSm;aMumifh vkyfief; ysuf&onf/
6. olonf um;ysufaomaMumifh rvmEkdifyg/
7. uRefawmhtaronf tdrfokdY jyefvm\/
8. aerif;onf ta½SUt&yfrS xGufvm\/
9. eE´0efausmif;onf rlp,fNrdKUrSm ½Sdonf/
10. NrdKUe,fvlxkonf oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGrf;qefpdrf;ESifh qGrf;ukd
avmif;vlMu\/
(i)
1. pmtkyfwkdYukd(uH) bD'kdxJrSm(ae&mjy) pDxm;\(Bud,m)/
2. rSefrsm;jzifh(tokH;cH) bk&m;yvifrSm(ae&mjy) vSyatmif
pDxm;\(Bud,m) /
3. AkdvfcsKyfonf(uwåm;) armifarmiftm;(vufcHjy) ol&JbGJUukd(uH)
csD;jr§ifhay;\(Bud,m) /
4. q&mawmfonf(uwåm;) wynfhwkdYukd(uH) qdkqkH;rjyD;
ae&mrS(xGufcGm&m) xawmfrl\(Bud,m)/
5. rpdrf;onf(uwåm;) t½kyfqkd;í(taMumif;jy) pdwfxm;vJ qkd;
aomaMumifh(taMumif;jy) rpdrf;[kac:onf(jznfhyk'f)/
6. rkkd;aumif;ojzifh(taMumif;jy) pyg;rsm;onfvnf;(uwåm;)
txGufwkd;\(Bud,m)/
7. rlp,fNrdKUonf (uwåm;)
ta&mif;t0,faumif;ojzifh (taMumif;jyyk'f)
vlrsm;pnfum;\(Bud,m)/
8. eE´0efpmoifausmif;ukd(uH) omoemouú&mZf 2535-ESpf
yxr0gqkdvqef; ig;&ufaeYrSm (tcsdefjy)
pwifwnfaxmifonf(Bud,m)/
9. uRefawmf\taronf (uwåm;)
uRefawmfpmBudK;pm;onfhtwGuf (taMumif;jyyk'f)
uRefawmfukd(uH) odyfcspfonf(Bud,m)/
10. olrsm;tm; (vufcH) ulnDcsif;onf (uwåm;)
aumif;aomtavhjzpfonf (Bud,m)/
acj;wgyf, zkduf:vSef, wgef;Omrf

(u) 1. yD;qmh: wD;
2. wif: wD;
3. qof;Omif,cof
4. eh. ykef;wj,
5. Owf:cof eh.
6. eh. edyf.ymef,bof;/
7. wD; OmrfyDbof;/
8. vj;OAof;bof;/
9. eh. wD; oef:
10. rl,aq; awj,
11. wD; wif:
12. P; vkuf.wD; Ndef:/
13. tof wdD;
(c) 1. e[:uj;
2. wif:
3. awj,xkdif
4. e[:uj;
5. ykef;wj,
6. pkdifxlef;_wif:
7. e[:uj;
8. vlnf;wif:
9. ykef;wj,
10. vkuf.wD; awj,
(i) 1. ykef;wj,cof;tguf,wldof:wgef:bof;/
2. vkuf.wD;ekdif;
3. ykef;wj,uof
4. vkuf.wD;rl,aq; awj,xkdiferf.crf:atj;/
5. ykef;wj,omef;rldif:wj./
6. e[:ugif:rl:rldif:rmef;
7. e[:uj;Owf:cof
8. xlef;Nuf:yDatj;/
9. rldof;umifcrf;bof;/
10. awj,xkdifOD,rlif:wmrf:crf;/
(q)
1. rj.wif:ay. - eluf.uAof,wif:eluf.qguf, (acj;Nrf;ukduf:)/
2. bdif:OSifekrf,eh.(uwf.wj:) vh;wkuf.ccmefq[rj:(udIdbj,)
wD;vj;OAof;(acj;sewD;) awj,xkdifOdyf:pj;oef:bof.(acj;
secmof:)/
3. e[:uj;uj:wif:OAif;eh. (acj;sewD;xgef)
uj:uofcj;eh.(uwf.wj:) pmif;vDaOyldef;bof.(udIdbj,)/
4. ykef;wj,awrmuf;rD:eef. (acj;seykef;)
tgefuefcwf:q[pAwf:(udIdbj,) umefsv;(urf)/
5. tgefcof;(udIdbj,) wD;e[:Okduf:(acj;sewD;)
ykef;wj,omef;rldif:sv;(acj;seykef;)/
6. e[:uj;bdif:Omofe[:omef;pof:eh. (acj;vlduf;xgeftguf,)
uofcj;(uwf.wj:) puf.(udIdbj,) bdif:egh.(urf<)
wgef:yldef;bof; (udIdbj,odaO,Oe)/
7. qhm:qhm:eh.(uwf.wj:) wlnf:vduf;bl,(udIdbj,)
wD;Ndef:(acj;sewD;) wif:bdif:egh.(acj;seukduf:uef)/
8. tofrj: (udIdbj,) wmif:udef (urf<)
ykef;wj,uofcj;vl:(acj;seykef;)/
9. sr;eh. (uwf.wj:) vh;egef:oh.vlifbl, (udIdbj,)
wD;zj; (acj;sewD;) wif:Odyf:pj;oef: (acj;secmof:)
wD;yldef;bof.(acj;xSrf)/
10. vkuf.wD;aq;vmef. (acj;zmwf,tguf,)
awj,xkdiferf.crf: (acj;secmof:wmif:)
ayj:yhuGj,eh(Orf,yefx) pkdifOD,rgif:bof.(udIdbj,)/
11. sr;uofcj;eh.(uwf.wj:) bkrf,brf(udIdbj,)
Tzj: Twj: Oif,cj,(urf<) sw.sw.(udIdbj,odaO,Oe)/
vgif:cof;Ogrf:(udIdbj,_urf<) P;qof;Oif,cj,cof(acj;pyf.)
ul;oef:bof; (udIdbj,odaO,Oe)/
vkuf.wD;Ndef:(acj;zmwf,tguf,) uGj,(udIdbj,)
wD;uRif: (acj;sewD;)
ekdif;oef:ekdif;yguf;bof; (udIdbj,odaO,Oe)/
rSif,yef(udIdbj,) ykef;wmif:vD(urf<)
P;ulef:sv;Owf.woj,cofbof;(acj;pyf.)/
avhusifhcef; tykdif;(3)
(u) 1/ tpfukd okdY
2/ ESifh
3/ oraPwkdY
4/ xJwGif
5/ onf twGuf ukd
6/ onf edAÁmef
7/ wGif okH;ESpf
8/ vm;½Id;
9/ wpfaeY rSm
10/ rS xd
11/ wGif vkH;
12/ tm; ukd rS tdrf
13/ jzifh ypönf; okdY
(c) 1/ xJwGif 6/ wkdifwkdif

2/ ESifh 7/ xJwGif
3/ txd 8/ ESifh
4/ wGif 9/ iSg
5/ twGuf 10/ rS txd
(*) 1/ pyg;txGufwkd;jcif;iSg
2/ wae&mrS
3/ igtwGuf
4/ rlp,f
5/ wkdif;jynftwGuf
6/ jrefrmjynf&Sd apwDwkdYwGif
7/ wd&dpämefwkdYwGif
8/ ajcmufESpwf kdifwkdif
9/ nwGif
10/ nae av;em&Dtxd
(C)
1/ jrif;ESifhqdw(f ,SOfwGJjy) Z&ufESifhpmuav;(,SOfwGJjy)/
2/ rjronf(uwåm;) vm;½Id;rSm(ae&mjy)
15 &ufwkdifwkdif(tcsdefjy) 'ku©a&mufcJh&Sm\(Bud,m)/
3/ um;rsm;wGif(xkwfaqmifjy) uRefawmfum;onf(uwåm;)
tvSqkH;jzpf\ (Bud,m)/
4/ csrf;omzkdYtwGuf(&nfpl;jy) tvkyfukd(uH)
BudK;pm;vkyfyg (Bud,m)/
5/ wkdif;jynftwGuf(&nfpl;jy) ppfxJokdY(a&S;½Ijy)
0ifMuyg (Bud,m)/
6/ uREkfyfwkdY&GmxJrSm (xGwfcGmjy)
rdef;uav;wkdYwGif(xkwfaqmif&mjy) rdi,fukd(uH)
uRefawmf(uwåm;) tcspfqkH;jzpf\(Bud,m)/
7/ armifarmifonf(uwåm;) rdi,fESifh(,SOfwGJjy) tdrfrSm(ae&mjy)
pmusufae\(Bud,m)/
8/ uRefawmftwGuf(&nfpl;jy) pm;p&mukd(uH) ,lay;yg(Bud,m)/
9/ taronf(uwåm;) 15 &ufvkH;vkH;(tcdsefjyyk'f)
tdyf&mxJrSm(ae&mjy) vSJae&&Sm\(Bud,m)/
10/ p,fvefYrS(xGufcGm&mjy) erfhcrf;wkdifatmif(ae&mqufwkdufjy)
ajcjzifh(tokH;jy) oGm;vQif(orÁE¨) av;em&D Mum\(Bud,m)/
11/ taronf(uwåm;) bk&m; w&m; oHCmwkdYkukd(uH) tvGefMunf
nKdav;pm;\ (Bud,m)/ oHCmawmfrsm;tm; (vufcHjy)
aeYwkdif;qGrf;ukd(tcsdefqufwkdufjyuH) avmif;vSL\(Bud,m)/
tdrfrS(xGufcGm&mjy) ausmif;okdY(a&S;½Ijy)
wpfaeYwpfcg(Bud,m0daooe) oGm;\(Bud,m)/
vlwkdYESifhowå0grsm;tm;(vufcHjyyk'f) ukokdvftzkdYudk(uH)
ay;a0\(Bud,m)/
(i)
zmh,wh: jrefrm zmh,wh: jrefrm
P; = tm; wj,_ykef;wj,= twGuf
wD; = ü wif: = ESifh
vkuf.wD; = rS qgrf:eif, = tm;avsmfpGm
tof = jzifh e[:uj; = wkdYwGif
eh. = onf ugyf; = aMumifh
cgif = \ wD;pif: = tm;
wD; = ü uj;wD; = rSm
wD;pif: = tm; Ol,wD; = okdY
sv; = ESifh vlnf;_wif: = ESifhtwl
eif,pkdof_wj,= iSg bgef.yldof; = aomaMumifh
e[:uj; = wkdYwGif wj,_ykef;wj, = tzkdY
wD; = 0,f awj,xkdif = wkdifwkdif
cgif = \ wD; = udk
xkdif = okdY tof = jzifh? ESifh
uj;wD; = ü? rSm? wGif? u e[: = wGif
tof-aO = jzifh e[: = wGif
xkdifwD; = okdY wif: = vkH;vkH;
vkuf.wD; = rS ugyf; = aMumifh
awj,xkdif = wkdifwkdif
acj;wgyf, wgef;zkduf:vSef, Orf,yef,x

rldof; aomtcg eguf;aO 'djyif? rSwyg;
aO í? NyD;í eif,pkdof tusdK;iSg
Oif? Oifoj; tu,fí awj;eif,eef xkdYtwl
rldof;…yh, r…ao;cif qArfrldof; uxJu
qlof;uj; umvywfvkH; rldof; pOf? aomtcg
trf,eef okdYr[kwf vldofaO xkdYtjyif
P;ayj: atmif-ap&ef sv;Oif ¤if;? aomf¤if;
rldof; tawmtwGif; rldof; ? qlof; pOf
auj;? eh.auj; vnf;?aomfvnf; urf:eef. xkdtcg? aomtcg
ugyf;oj; aomaMumifh ayj:ehauj; 'gjzifhvnf;
vkdef:_ohm:eef. NyD;aemuf Oifoj; tu,fí
qldif.ehqgif, okdYrSom ulnf:uj;_oj;_ej; okdYayrJh
trf,eef okdYr[kwf ayj: tu,fí
ySif;eif, twkdif;? t& aObof.Orf. aemufxyfwzef
ayj:eh 'Dvkdqkdvsif wj,aw &ef
aObof.Orf. NyD;íwzef rldof;yh,? rldof;bif:yh, r-ao;cif
vkdef:eef. NyD;aemuf trf,eef okdYr[kwf
wj,aw &ef ulnf:trf,q[; omvQifr[kwf
auj;? eh.auj; aomfvnf; qlof;uj; orQ
Okwf:bof.bof;/
acj;cgwf,bgwf;
e[:qldof:tefwmif,zkdefrj: cldof;eh.(cj;eh.)ekdif;eh. tof
vmh:wD;uSyf;ref: eif,pkdofayj:awukrf,xlef;eef.aO wSrf;oh.
sv; vgef.rgef: Owf.wj,eh. vh;oj; rgef:vD wArfvDbl, eh
bof;/ ayj:vAyf;pAef: Ogef tmef,uGj,qkdif awyefvh;nmef,
vSif:pmef Owf.wj, wldof:wgef:rj:bl, e[:zj,Oj,wh:sv;
rmef; zgif;ehtefoj;eef. bkrf,brfbl,bof;/
ugyf;oj; e[:yyf.eh. qSif;seoh. vmh:wSrf;vduf;wh:? vduf;
rmef; Owf.wj,wh:? Owf.wj,rmef;zgif; acj;ref:? ygif;ref:?
wlef;uGmrf:ref:? cldof:ref: Nrf;uefuGj,sv; wgef;wj,awyAef
vh; zj,Oj,wh:-rmef;auj; zguf;wmif:yefoh.bof;/
ayj:N.Owf.wj,uGj, bkdif;tefbkid f;tefeh wif:tefvh;
rD:oh. vh;oh.umuf,aOj: zknf,vAyf;pAef:zj,Oj, ul;vmhrAof:eef.
rldefuefbof;/ ugyf;oj; Owf.wj,eh. yefarjN.ygif,q[imh; e[:
vhm:wSrf;vhm:vmwf;sv; qgif,ayj:oj;ehbof;/
ySuf.Orf.zj,Oj,trf,rldefuefauj; ayj:vh;N.rAof:ref:
]]tefeh. yAefodzwf.? tefeh. yAefej,rodaO,Oe - vmh:
rmef; Orf.pAwf:eh? vmh:pof:Orf.rD:eh? Orf,yef,x =
conjunction Orf.pAwf:ehoh.? pAwf:ehOdkyf,uef}} qj.uGj,ayj:eh
ref:yAefvmh:z[: qAof:arjbof;/
ugyf;eh yyf.Owf.wj,eh. ref:vAuf.aOwj.auj; ugyf;oj;
seoh. wD;uSyf;ref:? vlduf;qSwf;tofwD;brfref:aO yldwf,se
oh.sv; awyAeftefurf.xSrfpSif: zl;puf.vduf;vmh:pof:cof? zl;

ydef,zj,Oj,pof:cof P;ayj: imh;q[ vlrfq[ yAif:q[vh;bl, tef
oj;eef. bkrf,brfsw.bof;/
qldof:wSrf;rj:eh. Oifvguf:vhm:ref: trf,rSef;Ozj,owh:
pof:eh cSef:awj; zl;puf.vduf;pof:cof qD.sewD;ref:? rj:ukrf
uef? wSrf;vduf; ygif,uefaOurf: tefoj;eh. zdwf;Mif.xkdif
aO cgwf,bgwf;uGj, wD;eh;bof;/
P;yD;egif.wif:OAif; ckdef;b[,r[,OkifaOurf: J /
qof;odOkwf.x
qgif:Ogefvduf; owf.eef,woef,
oAif:rl,aq<

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yyf.zkdefeh. cyf.ckdifoh.

Owf.wj,wh: sv; vhm:ydef,zj,Oj, wh:-rmef;-tdif:uAwf:

¥ ayj.cgrf: - qof;xrf,rOj,I ymif,Ohm:

tefOyf:vSif:se Owf.wj,tdif:uAwf.? Owf.wj,yj,vdeef.

vh; vhm:ref: qldif.eif, tefawseuGj, wD;e[:yyf.eh.bof;/

wmif:pefxkdif qof;eefaWjZjO qgrfOSif

]]'dif;xkif: trf,vDbj.? 'dif;'j. trf,vDxgef}}sv;

ekv;hnrtJcr jwr;bYr,Yv,sI,Ri s/obznr

lo;hnr bbr.anrmnr:mucr;mzcr:< lzcr;anrmnr:szgr;hv< kzcranr

6. ouf.uBbgef:Ol: sv; acj;vj, …… 76

pum;ajymavhusifhjcif; = zkduf:vmwf;uGmrf: …… 136

10. Translation …… 144-147

11. wgef;acj;wgyf, wj,wgef;zkduf:vSef,ul;wgef; …… 148-163

12. acj;cgwf,bgwf; …… 164

uH / / uHqkdonfrSm tjyKcHtm;vkH;ukd ac:ygonf/

Bud,m / / jyKvkyfwwfaom uwÅm;\ tiftm;tpGrf;&nf

emrf / / emrfqkdonfrSm tac:ta0:[lorQudk (emrnfwyf

0dbwf / / 0dbwfqkdonfrSm uwåm;yk'fjzpfonf/ uHyk'fjzpfonf

vhm:oh. odzwf. wif: emrf,

(c) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;uwf.wj:

(i) wD;acj;yj;w[;eh. sr:oh.yef P;rSef;wD;ref:vl:/

(q) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qSwf;wlnf:aO ayj:

(O) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qwf:seyef acj;ref:

2. vkif:uofcj;eh. puf. uofcj;sw.sw./

avhusifhcef; tykdif; (1)

(*) atmufygyk'frsm;ukd ae&mrSefatmif xm;yg/

(C) atmufyg0guswkdYukd pDppfNyD; rSm;ygu (_) trSwfjzifh

5. a>ronf zg;ukd vkdufzrf;\/

(i) atmufyg 0guswkdYukd yk'frsm;jzifh cGJjcm;jyyg/

odzwf. wgef;Ogif - 0dbwf tykdif; ( 2 )

acj;sevgif; = acj;sevgif;tefoj;eh. ref:yAefvgif;wmif:

wD;wgif: = ayj:vyf.ySwf; odzwf.(cgif)ehh. pmheh yAefrj:

(c) wD;vguf:yof, yj;w[;qldof:eef. O[,yefrj: odzwf.

7. sr;----- ref:eh. -----ar,rBLof. ----uj:rj:wD;rl,aq</

(i) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;qldof:eh. O[,yefrj:acj;pyf. acj;

1. arjOgefeh. yefOl: -------- /

(q) wD;acj;yj;w[; e[:wlef;uGmrf:qldof:eef. sr:cyf.yef

1. vkuf.wD;ref:wav: rj: qgrf:uj: egif.qmh:uofcj;eh./

4. ugyf;il:wgwf,sv; ref:eh. wD;Nif:bj vh;ckdef;bof;/

(O) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:zmh,w[;eh. qwf:rSif,se acj;

1. wD;yyf.vduf;qldof:eh. cyf.oh. wD;e[: yD,wlof,tldof;/

(c) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif oifhavsmfaom vufcHjy

7. ol ----- taronf arNrdKU ----- rlp,fNrdKUokdY um; ------

(*) atmufyguGufvyfwkdYwGif oifhawmfonfh vufcHjyyk'f

☺wynfh? erfhcrf;? rEÅav;? tar&duef? aeraumif;? rkd;?

(C) atmufyg 0gus&Sdyk'frsm;ukd ae&mrSefatmifpDyg/

4. a>rukdufojzifh olonf wuf&onf aq;½kHokdY/

(i) atmufyg0guswkdYukd yk'frsm;jzifh cGJjcm;jyyg/

1. sv;? wif:? sv;wif:? Nrfvlnf;? Nrf;yj:? qArf?

2. acj;sewD;vlduf;xgeftguf, - acj;se wD;vdluf;xgef

N.qSif;oj; yAefacj;se wD;vlduf;xgeftguf,eef. ]]e[:?

3. acj;seykef;cgifqof; - acj;seykef;cgifqof; tefoj;

4. acj;secmof: - cmof:tefoj;eh. rD:cmof:bmrf:uj,v cmof:

2. qmh:qmh: uGj,wD;umwf, wif:bdif:O[/

3. qmh:qmh: uGj,wD;umwf, vlnf;wif:bdif:O[/

2. e[:wlofOwf:wif:vmh Omif,OD;eh. pwf:pmefwgef:yle d f;bof;/

3. e[:uj;bdif:cof vlduf;wmif,bdif:rlofcrf: yAefNofyof;bof;/

5. bdif:egh.eh. cwf:q[vduf;vmh:bl, wj,vh;cl:bof;/

1. qkrf:pof:cj;eh. qgrf:Ilwf.'h:aO Okdyf,cmof:wmif:uGj, awj,

5. zD ulef:cofeh. olef.tmif;rj: wif: 12 yDauj; trf,N.vh;

(c) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: odzwf.seNrf;ukduf:

(i) wD;vguf:yof,yj;w[;eh. O[,yefrj: acj;tefref:

(q) wD;wlef;uGmrf:qldof:w[;eh. qwf:rSif,serj: acj;

(c) atmufyguGufvyfwdkYwGif oifhavsmfaom ,SOfwGJjy