STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF

PHYSICS IN ANY INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY

A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENT IN PHYSICS OF CLASS 11

SUBMITTED
BY
ARJUN KUMAR SIJAPATI
CLASS 11 Bio ‘A’
ROLL NO 23

SUBMITTED
TO

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
GYANODAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL
BAFAL, PURANO KALIMATI,
KATHMANDU NEPAL

[THURSDAY, BAISHAKH, 2080]

i
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This project work entitled "STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF

PHYSICS IN ANY INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY” by Mr.Arjun Kumar Sijapati Of
Gyanodaya Secondary School Roll No.23 and prepared under the supervision of Mangesh
Subedi sir in the Department of Physics, submitted for the partial fulfillment of prerequisite of
physics of the 11 has been accepted.

Mangesh Subedi Prem Khadka

Supervisor Head of department of physics

Gyanodaya Secondary School Gyanodaya Secondary School

[THURSDAY,BAISHAKH, 2080]

ii
 RECOMMENDATION

This is to recommend that Mr.Arjun Kumar Sijapati Roll no 23, has carried out project work entitled
"STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICS IN ANY INDIGENOUS
TECHNOLOGY" for the requirement to the project work in class 11 in physics under my supervision of
Mangesh Subedi sir in the Department of Physics, Gyanodaya secondary School, Nepal. Therefore,
recommend the project work report for evaluation.

Mangesh Subedi

Designation of supervisor

Date:

[ THURSDAY, BAISHAKH, 2080 ]

iii
 DECLARATION

This project work entitled "STUDY OF APPLICATION OF LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF

PHYSICS IN ANY INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY" is being submitted to the Department of
physics, Gyanodaya Secondary School for the partial fulfillment of the requirement to the project
work in class 11 in Physics. This project work is carried out by me under the supervision of
Mangesh Subedi sir and Co-supervision of Prem Khadka sir This work is original and has not
been submitted earlier in part or full in this or any other form to any university or institute, here or
elsewhere, for the award of any degree.

Arjun Kumar Sijapati

Roll No.23

Email: sijapatinabin20@gmail.com

[THURSDAY, BAISHAKH, 2080]

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

It is my great pleasure to thank Mangesh Subedi sir and Prem Khadka sir for providing me an
opportunity to work my Project work under the supervision.

Their guidance, suggestion and encouragement made me endure with my work. I am very thankful
that he was always willing to answer question and solve the problem during my research. I am
indebted to him. I am grateful to all my teachers of Gyanodaya secondary school, especially to

Mangesh subedi Sir and Prem Khadka Sir for their direct or indirect help to make this work worth
writing. I would like to extend my gratefulness to the entire family of the Department of Physics

I would like to extend my special gratitude to my friends Archana Neupane and Arpan Basnet for
their continuous help and encouragement.

Finally, 1 must express my deepest gratitude appreciation to my family for providing me academic
environment. I am thankful to all of my well-wishers for their moral help.

Arjun Kumar Sijapati

Roll no.23
[BAISHAKH,2080]

v
 ABSTRACT

This project is prepared by class xi science students of Gyanodaya Secondary school. This project
provides knowledge about the different laws and application of physics which was used in ancient
times as in indigenous technologies. In this project, indigenous technologies like watermill, dhiki,
janto, horse craft, and tuin are clearly introduced with their proper mechanism which is explained in
different way by touching each of the possible laws and application of physics on it. The main
motive of this project is to know what types of physics laws used in watermill i.e, Newton laws of
rotation, Moment of inertia, Torque (τ) , Rotational Work, Conversion of energy. Similarly , dhiki
works on the principle of lever, janto based on friction in which the friction between two stone
breaks the grain in the form of flour, Horse and craft based on Newton’s third law of motion etc are
explained clearly in this project.

Inside of this project , We can see many pictures of Indigenous

Technology and their use in our past by our forefathers. Indigenous Technologies are our identity,
They are the gifts of our forefathers, Their importance so for the necessary knowledge which is
needed to preserve our indigenous technology also explained in our project. As this project makes
students familiar with many physics terms and laws and this project is the This project is prepared
by class xi science students of Gyanodaya Secondary school. This project provides knowledge
about the different laws and application of physics which was used in ancient times as in indigenous
technologies. In this project, indigenous technologies like watermill, dhiki, janto, horse craft, and
tuin are clearly introduced with their proper mechanism which is explained in different way by
touching each of the possible laws and application of physics on it.

The main motive of this project is to know what types of physics laws
used in watermill i.e, Newton laws of rotation, Moment of inertia, Torque (τ), Rotational Work,
Conversion of energy. Similarly , dhiki works on the principle of lever, janto based on friction in
which the friction between two stone breaks the grain in the form of flour, Horse and craft based on
Newton’s third law of motion etc are explained clearly in this project. Inside of this project , We can
see many pictures of Indigenous Technology and their use in our past by our forefathers. Indigenous
Technologies are our identity, They are the gifts of our forefathers, Their importance so for the
necessary knowledge which is needed to preserve our indigenous technology also explained in our
project. As this project makes students familiar with many physics terms and laws , this project is
beneficial.

Keywords:

1. Concept of Indigenous knowledge and Technology,

2. concepts of Physics,

3. Knowledge of use and application of different laws of physics in our indigenous technology,

4. Technology Education,

5. Importance of indigenous Technology and their preservative ways,

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 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

LI T E C H VI LL A : Live Indigenous Technology Village

NAST : Nepal Academy of Science and Technology

RECAST: Research Center for Applied Science and Technology

TU : Tribhuvan University

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS

ω : Angular Velocity

τ : Torque

I : Moment of inertia

g : Acceleration due to gravity

 LIST OF FIGURE

• Figure 1: watermill …………………………………………………...4

• Figure 2: Torque …………………………………………………... ...6

• Fugure 3: Conservation of energy ……………………………………. 6

• Figure 4: Lifting water from well ……………………………………...7

• Figure 5: Horse and craft …………………………………………….. 8

• Figure 6: Janto ………………………………………………………….8

• Figure 7: Tuin …………………………………………………………..9

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover Page i
Certification of approval ii
Recommendation iii
declaration iv
acknowledgments v
abstract vi
list of acronyms and abbreviations vii
list of symbols viii
list of figures ix
table of contents x

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….1

1.1 General Introduction
1.2 Rationale

1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General objective
1.3.2 Specific objectives

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………....3

2.1 Introduction
2.2 History

CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………….4

3.1Materials
3.2 Method

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………..5

4.1 Result
4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER 5.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………..11

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Limitation of study
5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCE………………………………………………………………….13

APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………….14

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