Course Book

‫اعداد ‪ /‬أ‪ .
‬احمد الحوتي‬ ‫(الصف التاسع)‬ ‫سلسلة األصدقاء في مادة اللغة اإلنجليزية‬
‫‪Facts and figures‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫المناطق الزمنية‪Time zones‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A- Discuss these questions in groups. Then read the text to check your‬‬
‫‪answers.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ناقش هذه األسئلة في مجموعات‪ .‬ثم اقرأ النص للتحقق من إجاباتك‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫?‪1. What is the time in Libya right now‬‬
‫?‪2. Do you know what the time is in London‬‬
‫?‪3. Why is it different‬‬
‫‪1.‬ما هو الوقت في ليبيا في الوقت الحالي؟‬

‫‪2.‬هل تعرف ما هو الوقت في لندن؟‬
‫‪3 .‬لماذا هو مختلف؟‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Because the Earth moves round itself, it is dark in some places when It Is light in‬‬
‫‪others. At an International conference in 1884, countries agreed to have a‬‬
‫‪standard system of timekeep4ng. They divided the world into 24 time zones‬‬
‫‪with Greenwich, in London, as The reference point. This is why we have the‬‬
‫‪expression Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The distance between each zone‬‬
‫‪equals a time difference of one hour. Twelve hours GMT Means 12 o'clock,‬‬
‫‪Greenwich Mean Time, When It is twelve hours GMT, it is 1 o'clock Local time‬‬
‫‪in Libya, because Libya is one hour ahead of GMT. Brasilia is three hours behind‬‬
‫‪GMT.‬‬
‫ألن األرض تتحرك حول نفسها ‪ ،‬فهي مظلمة في بعض األماكن عندما تك‪::‬ون مض‪::‬يئة في من‪::‬اطق‪ :‬أخ‪::‬رى‪.‬‬
‫في المؤتمر الدولي في عام ‪ ، 1884‬وافقت البل‪::‬دان على أن يك‪::‬ون ل‪::‬ديها نظ‪::‬ام قياس‪::‬ي لحف‪::‬ظ ال‪::‬وقت ‪ ،‬فق‪::‬د‬
‫قسموا العالم إلى ‪ 24‬منطقة زمنية علي خط غرينتش ‪ ،‬في لندن ‪ ،‬كنقطة مرجعي‪::‬ة‪ .‬ه‪::‬ذا ه‪::‬و الس‪::‬بب في أن‬
‫لدينا تعبير "توقيت غرينتش" (‪ .)GMT‬المسافة بين كل منطقة تساوي‪ :‬فارقًا زمنيًا قدره ساعة واح‪::‬دة‪ .‬اثن‪::‬ا‬
‫عشر ساعة بتوقيت جرينتش تع‪::‬ني ‪ ، 12:00‬ت‪::‬وقيت‪ :‬غ‪::‬رينتش ‪ ،‬عن‪::‬دما تك‪::‬ون الس‪::‬اعة ‪ 12‬س‪::‬اعة بت‪::‬وقيت‬
‫جرينتش ‪ ،‬الساعة الواحدة بالتوقيت المحلي في ليبيا ‪ ،‬ألن ليبيا بعد ساعة واحدة بتوقيت جرينتش‪ .‬برازيلي‪::‬ا‬
‫متأخرة ثالث ساعات على توقيت‪ :‬جرينتش‪.‬‬
‫قرطاسية األصدقاء ‪ /‬السلماني الغربي شارع الجوازات‪ /‬الكيش شارع التعليم ‪ /‬شارع ‪ 20‬خلف الحديقة ‪ 0913482017‬صفحة‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫اعداد ‪ /‬أ‪ .‬احمد الحوتي‬ ‫(الصف التاسع)‬ ‫سلسلة األصدقاء في مادة اللغة اإلنجليزية‬
‫‪B- Look at the time zone map. Match these countries with the capitals.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Libya‬‬ ‫‪Japan‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬ ‫‪Italy‬‬ ‫‪Greece Russia‬‬
‫ليبيا‬ ‫اليابان‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫إيطاليا‬ ‫اليونان‬ ‫روسيا‪:‬‬
‫‪Australia‬‬ ‫‪Malta‬‬ ‫‪Brazil‬‬ ‫‪England‬‬ ‫‪China‬‬ ‫‪Pakistan‬‬
‫استراليا‬ ‫مالطا‬ ‫البرازيل‬ ‫إنجلترا‬ ‫الصين‬ ‫باكستان‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫في مكتب وكيل السفر ‪1.2 At the travel agent‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪B - Read the conversation and check your Workbook answers.‬‬
‫ب ‪ -‬اقرأ المحادثة وتحقق من إجابات كتاب المصنف‪.‬‬
‫‪Agent: Good morning, sir. How can‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬صباح الخير يا سيدي‪ .‬كيف يمكنني‬
‫?‪I help you‬‬ ‫مساعدك؟‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: I need a return flight‬‬ ‫السيد أالن‪ :‬أحتاج إلى رحلة عودة من مطار‬
‫‪from Heathrow to Madrid‬‬ ‫هيثرو‪ :‬إلى مدريد صباح الغد‪.‬‬
‫‪tomorrow morning.‬‬
‫‪Agent: Let us see. Well, the first‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬لنرى‪ .‬حسنا ‪ ،‬أول رحلة تغادر في‬
‫‪flight Leaves at 6:20 and arrives at‬‬ ‫الساعة ‪ 6:20‬وتصل في الساعة ‪.9:40‬‬
‫‪9:40.‬‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: Twenty past six When do‬‬ ‫السيد أالن‪ :‬في السادسة والعشرين دقيقة‬
‫?‪I have to be at the airport‬‬ ‫متى يجب أن أكون في المطار؟‬
‫‪Agent: Two hours before‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬قبل ساعتين من المغادرة‪.‬‬

‫‪departure.‬‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: Mm what is the next‬‬ ‫السيد ألن‪ :‬ما هي الرحلة التالية؟‬
‫?‪flight‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Agent: The next flight leaves at 8:00‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬تغادر الرحلة التالية في الساعة ‪8‬‬
‫‪and arrives at 11.30.‬‬ ‫صباحًا وتصل‪ :‬في الساعة ‪ 11:30‬صباحًا‪.‬‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: That is too late, I am‬‬ ‫السيد أالن ‪ :‬لقد فات األوان ‪ ،‬أخشى‪ .‬انني‬
‫‪afraid. I will take the first one.‬‬ ‫سوف‪ :‬آخذ أول واحدة ( اول رحلة)‪.‬‬
‫‪Agent: Are you returning tomorrow‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬هل ستعود مساء غدًا يا سيدي؟‬
‫?‪evening, sir‬‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: Yes. I want to leave‬‬ ‫السيد ألن‪ :‬نعم‪ .‬أريد أن أغادر حوالي‬
‫‪around 7 o'clock.‬‬ ‫الساعة السابعة‪.‬‬
‫‪Agent: Well, there is a flight from‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬حسنًا ‪ ،‬هناك رحلة جوية من مدريد‬
‫‪Madrid at 18:40 that gets to‬‬ ‫الساعة ‪ 18:40‬تصل إلى مطار هيثرو في‬
‫‪Heathrow at 20:10.‬‬ ‫الساعة ‪.20:10‬‬
‫‪Mr. Allan: it leaves at twenty to‬‬ ‫السيد أالن‪ :‬ستغادر الطائرة الساعة السابعة‬
‫‪seven and arrives at ten past eight.‬‬ ‫إال عشرون دقيقة وتصل الثامنة و عشر‬
‫‪That’s only an hour and a half. That‬‬ ‫دقائق‪ ، :‬فقط ساعة ونصف‪ .‬ال يمكن أن‬
‫‪can’t be right. The journey takes‬‬ ‫يكون هذا صحيحًا‪ .‬تستغرق‪ :‬الرحلة أكثر‬
‫‪over three hours.‬‬ ‫من ثالث ساعات‪.‬‬
‫‪Agent : Sorry, sir. The outward‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬عذرا سيدي تصل الرحاالت‬
‫‪flight arrives at 9:40 Local time.‬‬ ‫الخارجية الساعه ‪ 9:40‬بالتوقيت‪ :‬المحلي‬
‫‪That’s one hour ahead of British‬‬ ‫وهذا يكون بساعة واحدة بعد التوقيت‬
‫‪Summer Time and two hours ahead‬‬ ‫الصيفي البريطاني‪ :‬لتوقيت غرينتش‬
‫‪of GMT.‬‬
‫‪Mr Allan : Oh, yes! Fine. I'll take‬‬ ‫سيد أالن‪ :‬نعم! حسنا ً ‪ .‬سآخذ هاتين‬
‫‪those two flights.‬‬ ‫الرحلتين‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫? ‪D- Read the text why is it BST ? Why is it done‬‬
‫د‪ -‬اقرأ النص ماذا يكون ‪BST‬؟ ولماذا يتم ذلك؟‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫حفظ ضوء النهار ‪Daylight savings‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Some countries change the time, usually by one hour. to get more daylight‬‬
‫‪during the working day. In the UK, clocks go forward by one hour in March and‬‬
‫‪back by one hour in October. BST means British Summer Time.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫بعض البلدان تغير الوقت ‪ ،‬عادةً بساعة واحدة‪ .‬للحصول على مزيد من ضوء النهار خالل يوم العمل‪ .‬في‬
‫المملكة المتحدة ‪ ،‬تمضي الساعات إلى األمام بساعة واحدة في شهر مارس وترجع ساعة واحدة في‬
‫أكتوبر‪ BST .‬تعني التوقيت الصيفي البريطاني‪:.‬‬
‫!‪Look‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Present simple for future use‬‬ ‫استخدام‪ :‬المضارع البسيط لتعبير عن المستقبل‬
‫‪We can use the present simple tense to talk about the future‬‬
‫‪when we are talking about events that ore part of a timetable.‬‬
‫‪The flight at eleven thirty.‬‬
‫يمكننا استخدام المضارع البسيط‪ :‬للتحدث عن المستقبل‪ ،‬عندما نتحدث عن أحداث هي جزء من جدول‬
‫زمني مثل ‪ .‬الرحلة في الحادية عشر والنصف‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫جدول المواعيد ‪1.3 -1.4 Timetables‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A - Read what Mohammed says and decide which train he should take.‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬اقرأ ما يقوله محمد وقرر أي قطار‪ :‬يجب أن ينتقل به‪.‬‬
‫‪I have an Important meeting at 8 o'clock In London tomorrow.‬‬

‫‪I’d like to arrive early. The meeting’s in an office In the City, so I'll take a train‬‬
‫‪to London Bridge Station. I’d like to be early because I am going to walk from‬‬
‫‪the station to the office. That’ll. take about fifteen minutes.‬‬
‫لدي اجتماع مهم في الساعة ‪ 8‬في لندن غدا‪.‬‬

‫اود الوصول مبك ًرا‪ .‬االجتماع في أحد المكاتب في المدينة ‪ ،‬لذلك سآخذ القطار إلى محطة لندن بريدج‪ .‬أود‬
‫أن أكون في وقت مبكر ألنني سأذهب من المحطة إلى المكتب سيرا‪ .‬التي سوف‪ .‬تأخذ حوالي خمس عشرة‬
‫دقيقة‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪The answer:‬‬ ‫‪He should take the 6:20 train‬‬
‫االجابة‬ ‫يجب عليه ان يأخذ قطار‪ :‬الساعة ‪ 6:20‬دقيقة‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪B - Read what Adam says and decide which coach he should take.‬‬
‫‪.‬ب‪ -‬اقرأ ما يقوله آدم وقرر أي حافلة يجب أن يأخذ‬
‫‪I’m going to the airport tomorrow. My flight Leaves at 9 o'clock, but I have to‬‬
‫‪check In two hours before that. I’m going to travel by coach. It’s‬‬
‫‪cheaper than the train.‬‬
‫انا ذاهب الى المطار غدا‪ .‬رحلتي تغادر في الساعة ‪ ، 9‬لكن يجب أن انهي إجراءات السفر قبل ساعتين‬
‫من ذلك‪ .‬أنا ذاهب للسفر عن طريق الحافلة انها أرخص من القطار‪.‬‬
‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪He should take 6:00 coach.‬‬

‫اإلجابة‬ ‫يجب ان يأخذ حافلة الساعة السادسة‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪C - Read what Sophie says and decide which train or coach she should take.‬‬
‫اقرأ ما تقوله صوفيا‪ :‬و قرر‪ :‬أي قطار أو حافلة يجب أن تأخذ‪.‬‬
‫‪I’m going to London to meet a friend tomorrow. We’re meeting‬‬

‫‪at the British Museum at 1 o'clock. The trouble is. I don’t have very much‬‬
‫‪money. I’m sure the train fare WILL be expensive, but I’d rather go by train than‬‬
‫‪by coach. It will be much quicker.‬‬
‫انا ذاهب الى لندن للقاء صديق‪ :‬غدا‪ .‬سنتقابل في المتحف البريطاني‪ :‬في ‪ .1:00‬المشكلة هي‪ .‬ليس لدي‬
‫الكثير من المال أنا متأكد من أن سعر القطار سيكون باهظًا ‪ ،‬لكنني سأذهب بالقطار عن الحافلة النه‬
‫سيكون أسرع بكثير‪:.‬‬
‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪she should take the 11:34 train, Because it is much quicker‬‬
‫‪than the coach‬‬
‫االجابة‬ ‫يجب أن تأخذ القطار ‪ ، 11:34‬ألنه أسرع بكثير من الحافلة‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪E- Ask and answer questions about the timetables‬‬
‫أسئل واجب عن الجداول الزمنية‬
‫? ‪1.When does the first train / coach leaves‬‬

‫‪ .1‬متى اول قطار ‪ /‬تغادر الحافلة ؟‬
‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪The first train leaves at 6:20‬‬

‫االجابة‬ ‫يغادر القطار األول الساعة ‪6:20‬‬
‫?‪2. When does It arrive‬‬ ‫متى تصل؟ ‪. 2.‬‬

‫‪The answer:‬‬ ‫‪It arrives at 7:39‬‬
‫االجابة‬ ‫تصل الساعة ‪7:39‬‬
‫?‪3. How Long does it take‬‬ ‫كم يستغرق؟ ‪3.‬‬

‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪It takes 1 hour and 19 minutes‬‬
‫اإلجابة‬ ‫يستغرق ‪ 1‬ساعة و ‪ 19‬دقيقة‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫?‪4. How much does the train journey cost‬‬

‫‪ . 4‬كم تبلغ تكلفة رحلة القطار؟‬
‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪It costs about 19 pounds and 30 pence‬‬

‫االجابة‬ ‫يكلف حوالي ‪ 19‬باوندات و ‪ 30‬قرش‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫!‪Look‬‬
‫المستقبل ‪The future‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪You can talk about the future in‬‬ ‫يمكنك التحدث عن المستقبل بطرق‪ :‬مختلفة‬
‫‪different ways:‬‬
‫‪1. Use will for predictions‬‬ ‫للتوقعات‪ :‬نستخدم ‪will‬‬
‫‪The train fare will be expensive.‬‬ ‫سوف‪ :‬تكون أجرة القطار باهظة الثمن‬
‫‪2. Use the present continuous for‬‬ ‫استخدم‪ :‬الحاضر المستمر للترتيبات‪.‬‬
‫‪arrangements.‬‬
‫‪We're meeting at the British‬‬ ‫نحن نلتقي في المتحف البريطاني‪.‬‬

‫‪Museum.‬‬
‫‪3. Use going to + infinitive for‬‬ ‫نستخدم‪ + going to :‬المصدر للتحدث عن‬
‫‪plans and Intentions.‬‬ ‫الخطط و النوايا‬
‫‪I’m going to travel by coach.‬‬ ‫‪.‬أنا ذاهب للسفر عن طريق الحافلة‬
‫‪4. Use the present simple for‬‬ ‫‪ 4 .‬استخدم‪ :‬الحاضر البسيط لألحداث‬
‫‪future events that are regular or‬‬ ‫المستقبلية العادية أو الثابتة ‪،‬‬
‫‪fixed,‬‬
‫‪The meeting Is in on office in the‬‬ ‫االجتماع في المكتب في المدينة‪.‬‬
‫‪City.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫الصناعات ‪1.5 Industries‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A - Look at the pictures. Match them with the words and phrases in the box.‬‬
‫أ ‪ -‬انظر إلى الصور‪ .‬ورتبهم‪ :‬مع الكلمات والعبارات‪ :‬في المربع‪.‬‬
‫‪farming‬‬ ‫الزراعة‬ ‫‪textile production‬‬ ‫انتاج المالبس‬

‫‪oil and gas production‬‬ ‫انتاج النفط والغاز‬ ‫‪food processing‬‬ ‫انتاج الغذاء‬
‫‪timber production‬‬ ‫انتاج الخشب‬ ‫‪fishing‬‬ ‫الصيد‬
‫‪steel manufacturing‬‬ ‫تصنيع الصلب‬ ‫‪Mining‬‬ ‫التعدين‬
‫‪B - Describe what you can see in the pictures.‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬صف ما يمكنك رؤيته في الصور‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪farming‬‬ ‫الزراعة‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪fishing‬‬ ‫الصيد‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪food processing‬‬ ‫انتاج الغذاء‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪steel manufacturing‬‬ ‫تصنيع الصلب‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪timber production‬‬ ‫انتاج خشب البناء‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪oil and gas production‬‬ ‫انتاج النفط والغاز‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪textile production‬‬ ‫انتاج المالبس‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪mining‬‬ ‫التعدين‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الصناعات في شمال أفريقيا ‪1.6 Industries in North Africa‬‬
‫‪A- Listen and follow the conversation about industry in Libya.‬‬
‫استمع وتابع الحديث عن الصناعة في ليبيا‪.‬‬

‫‪ Keys‬‬
‫انتاج األغذية ‪Food processing‬‬ ‫النسيج ‪Textile‬‬ ‫الغاز ‪Gas‬‬ ‫النفط ‪Oil‬‬
‫انتاج التمور ‪Date processing‬‬ ‫الحديد والصلب ‪Iron and steel‬‬ ‫السيارات ‪Cars‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪A: What are some of the‬‬ ‫ما هي بعض الصناعات الهامة في ليبيا؟‬
‫?‪important industries in Libya‬‬
‫‪B: Oil, gas, textiles, cars, food‬‬ ‫النفط والغاز‪ ،‬والمنسوجات‪ ،‬والسيارات‪ ،‬والصناعات‬
‫‪processing, date processing and‬‬ ‫‪.‬الغذائية‪ :‬و تصنيع التمور والحديد والصلب‬
‫‪iron and steel.‬‬
‫?‪A: Where is the date processing‬‬ ‫أين يتم انتاج التمور؟‬
‫‪B: it’s in the middle of the‬‬ ‫إنها في وسط البالد‬
‫‪country.‬‬
‫?‪A: What about the gas‬‬ ‫و ماذا عن الغاز؟‬
‫‪B: That’s In the west.‬‬ ‫هذا في الغرب‪.‬‬
‫?‪A: Where are the car factories‬‬ ‫أين توجد مصانع السيارات؟‬
‫‪B: Well, there’s a factory in Tajura.‬‬ ‫حسنًا ‪ ،‬هناك مصنع في تاجوراء‪.‬‬
‫?‪A: What about textiles‬‬ ‫ماذا عن المنسوجات؟‬
‫‪B: There’s a textile factory in‬‬ ‫هناك مصنع للنسيج في جنزور وهناك أيضا مصانع‬
‫‪Janzor There are also food‬‬ ‫تجهيز األغذية في طرابلس وبنغازي‬
‫‪processing factories in Tripoli and‬‬
‫‪Benghazi.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ احمد الحوتي‬.‫ أ‬/ ‫اعداد‬ )‫(الصف التاسع‬ ‫سلسلة األصدقاء في مادة اللغة اإلنجليزية‬

1.7 An industrial country ‫دولة صناعية‬

A - Look at the pictures and discuss the questions in groups.
‫أنظر الى الصوروناقش في مجموعات‬

1. Which pictures show traditional industries? Picture number 4
‫اى صور تظهر صناعات تقليدية‬
2. Which pictures show modern industries? Pictures 1.2.3.5

‫أي صور تظهر صناعات حديثة‬
3. Which things can you find in Libya? They are all in a

‫ أي صور يمكن ان تراها في ليبيا‬Libya

B - Read about industry in Libya and match each paragraph with
one of the pictures.
‫انظر إلى الصور و ناقش األسئلة في مجموعات‬.

[5] Oil In the 1960s. oil started to become important in Libya and it is now the
Largest oil producer in Africa. Oil is Libya’s most important industry, but the
money from the oil industry helps other industries
to develop.
‫ النفط هو األكثر أهمية في ليبيا‬.‫ بدأ النفط يصبح مه ًما في ليبيا وهو اآلن أكبر منتج للنفط في أفريقيا‬.1960 ‫ في‬- ‫النفط‬
.‫المال من صناعة النفط يساعد الصناعات األخرى في التطور‬

[4] Agriculture Farming was an important Industry In Libya until the discovery
of oil. In recent years. the state gave farmers money to buy animals, seeds and
equipment. A huge irrigation scheme for the country brought water to areas
that had none. The main crops ore cereals, olives, fruits, nuts, tomatoes,
potatoes and grapes. Some farmers raise sheep, goats and camels for their
meat, skins and for dairy products.
‫ أعطت الدولة المزارعين‬.‫ فى السنوات االخيرة‬.‫ كانت الزراعة من أهم الصناعات في ليبيا حتى اكتشاف النفط‬- ‫الزراعة‬
. ‫ جلبت خطة ري ضخمة للبالد المياه إلى المناطق التي ال توجد فيها مياه‬.‫المال لشراء الحيوانات والبذور والمعدات‬
‫ يقوم بعض المزارعين بتربية‬.‫المحاصيل الرئيسية الحبوب والزيتون والفواكه والمكسرات والطماطم والبطاطا والعنب‬
.‫األغنام والماعز واإلبل من أجل لحومهما وجلودها ومنتجات األلبان‬
‫ صفحة‬0913482017 ‫ خلف الحديقة‬20 ‫ شارع‬/ ‫ الكيش شارع التعليم‬/‫ السلماني الغربي شارع الجوازات‬/ ‫قرطاسية األصدقاء‬
10
‫‪[2] Manufacturing There are new factories for the manufacture of‬‬
‫‪products from petroleum and also factories that manufacture shoes‬‬
‫‪and process food. Libya also manufactures steel at Misurata.‬‬
‫التصنيع ‪ -‬هناك مصانع جديدة لتصنيع المنتجات من البترول وكذلك المصانع التي تصنع األحذية ومعالجة الطعام‪.‬‬
‫ليبيا أيضا تصنيع الصلب في مصراتة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪[1] Tourism This is a growing industry in Libya. The country has many‬‬
‫‪attractions, from the Mediterranean coastline to the desert region‬‬
‫‪of the interior. There are unique historical sites and modern hotels‬‬
‫‪with everything that tourists want.‬‬
‫السياحة ‪ -‬هذه صناعة متنامية في ليبيا‪ .‬البالد لديها الكثير الجذب السياحي ‪ ،‬من ساحل البحر األبيض المتوسط إلى المنطقة‬
‫الصحراوية من الداخل‪ .‬يوجد مواقع تاريخية فريدة من نوعها وفنادق حديثة مع كل ما يريده السائحون‬
‫‪[3] Services New industries need new services, and there are many‬‬
‫‪service industries in Libya today. For example, banking, insurance,‬‬
‫‪shipping and IT are all developing industries.‬‬
‫الخدمات ‪ -‬تحتاج الصناعات الجديدة إلى خدمات جديدة ‪ ،‬وهناك الكثير من الخدمات الصناعات الخدمية‪ :‬في ليبيا اليوم‪.‬‬
‫على سبيل المثال ‪ ،‬البنوك ‪ ،‬التأمين ‪،‬الشحن وتكنولوجيا المعلومات كلها تساهم في تطور الصناعة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪1.8 Materials‬‬ ‫المواد‬
‫‪A- Ask and answer questions about the object. In the pictures.‬‬
‫اسأل وأجب عن األسئلة حول األشياء في الصور‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫الخشب‬ ‫الحرير‬ ‫الصوف‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫البالستك‬ ‫الحديد‬
‫‪Wood‬‬ ‫‪silk‬‬ ‫‪wool‬‬ ‫‪Leather‬‬ ‫‪plastic‬‬ ‫‪steel.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪what's belt made of it's made of leather. Leather comes from animal‬‬
‫?‬ ‫‪skins.‬‬
‫مما صنع الحزام ؟‬ ‫‪.‬انه مصنوع من الجلد‪ .‬الجلد يأتي من جلود الحيوانات‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪What’s the duck‬‬ ‫‪The duck is made of plastic. Plastic is manufactured‬‬
‫? ‪made of‬‬ ‫‪from petroleum products.‬‬
‫مما صنعت البطة ؟‬ ‫‪.‬البطة مصنوعة من البالستيك‪ .‬يتم تصنيع البالستيك من المنتجات البترولية‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪What’s the knife‬‬ ‫‪The knife is made of steel. Steel comes from iron.‬‬
‫? ‪made of‬‬
‫مما صنعت السكين ؟‬ ‫‪.‬السكين مصنوع من الحديد والحديد يأتي من الحديد‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪What’s the blouse‬‬ ‫‪The blouse is made of silk. Silk made by silk worms‬‬
‫? ‪made of‬‬
‫مما صنعت البلوزة ؟‬ ‫بلوزة مصنوعة من الحرير‪ .‬حرير مصنوع من ديدان‪ :‬القز‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪What's the table‬‬ ‫‪The table is made of wood . Wood comes from‬‬
‫? ‪made of‬‬ ‫‪trees‬‬
‫مما صنعت الطاولة ؟‬ ‫الطاولة مصنوعة من الخشب‪ .‬الخشب يأتي من االشجار‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫!‪Look‬‬
‫يستخدم‪ :‬الصلب ‪Steel is used :‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫لصنع السيارات ‪for making cars.‬‬
‫‪for sharp instruments.‬‬ ‫لألدوات الحادة‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫المعالم ‪2.1 Landmarks‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪B- Listen to your teacher and check your answers‬‬
‫استمع إلى معلمك وتحقق من إجاباتك‬

‫‪Answers‬‬
‫‪I. The Great Wall of China‬‬ ‫سور الصين العظيم‬ ‫‪— China‬‬ ‫الصين‬
‫‪2. Mount Everest‬‬ ‫قمة ايفرست‬ ‫‪— Nepal in China‬‬ ‫نيبال في الصين‬
‫‪3. Grand Canyon‬‬ ‫جراند كانيون‬ ‫‪— America‬‬ ‫أمريكا‬
‫‪4. Big Ben‬‬ ‫ساعة بيج بن‬ ‫‪— England‬‬ ‫انجلترا‬
‫‪5. Angel Falls‬‬ ‫شالالت انجل‬ ‫‪— Venezuela‬‬ ‫فنزويال‬
‫‪6. Taj Mahal‬‬ ‫تاج محل‬ ‫‪— India‬‬ ‫الهند‪:‬‬
‫‪7. Grand Canal‬‬ ‫القناة الكبرى‬ ‫‪— Italy‬‬ ‫ايطاليا‬
‫‪8. Ayah Sofia Mosque‬‬ ‫مسجد أيا صوفيا‬ ‫‪— Turkey‬‬ ‫تركيا‬
‫‪9. River Nile‬‬ ‫نهر النيل‬ ‫‪— Egypt‬‬ ‫مصر‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Announcer: Cassette Section 5: Some students are talking about the landmarks‬‬
‫‪they would like to see. Listen and write notes.‬‬
‫بعض الطالب يتحدثون حول المعالم التي يودون رؤيتها‪ .‬استمع و اكتب مالحظات‪.‬‬
‫‪ Boy 1: I’d like to see the Great Wall of‬‬ ‫أود أن أرى سور الصين العظيم‪.‬‬
‫‪China .‬‬
‫?‪Boy 2: Why would you like to see a wall‬‬ ‫لماذا تود رؤية حائط؟ ما هو الشيء المميز فيه ؟‬
‫?‪What’s special about it‬‬
‫‪Boy I: it’s huge! It’s so amazing that it can‬‬ ‫إنه ضخم! و مدهش جدًا أنه يمكن رؤيته من الفضاء‪.‬‬
‫‪be seen from space.‬‬
‫?‪Boy 2: How old is it‬‬ ‫كم عمره؟‬
‫‪Boy 1: It’s more than 2,000 years old‬‬ ‫عمره أكثر من ‪ 2000‬سنة‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫?‪Boy 2: how long is it‬‬ ‫كم طوله؟‬

‫‪Boy 1: 3.725 meters long.‬‬ ‫‪ 3.725‬مترا‪.‬‬
‫‪Girl 1: I’d like to see the Taj Mahal,‬‬ ‫أود أن أرى تاج محل ‪،‬‬
‫?‪Girl 2: Why‬‬ ‫لماذا؟‬
‫‪Girl 1: Because it’s a beautiful building and‬‬ ‫ألنه مبنى جميل وله قصة جميلة‬
‫‪it has a lovely story.‬‬
‫?‪Girl 2: What’s the story‬‬ ‫ما القصة؟‬
‫‪Girl 1: Shah Jehan built it as a tomb for his‬‬ ‫شاه جيهان بناها كمقبرة لزوجته عندما توفت ‪ ،‬وبناها‬
‫‪wife when she died, He built it across the‬‬ ‫عبر النهر من قصره حتى يتمكن من رؤيته كل يوم‪.‬‬
‫‪river from his palace so that he could see it‬‬
‫‪every day.‬‬
‫?‪Girl 2: When, did he build it‬‬ ‫متى ‪ ،‬هل قام ببنائها؟‬
‫‪Girl 1: In 1648.‬‬ ‫في ‪.1648‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ناقش هذه األسئلة ‪C- Discuss these questions.‬‬
‫?‪1. Which sights are natural? Which are man-made‬‬
‫أي منها مناظر طبيعية ؟ واي منها من صنع االنسان؟‬

‫‪Answers‬‬
‫‪Natural‬‬ ‫‪Mount‬‬ ‫‪Grand‬‬ ‫‪Angel‬‬ ‫‪Grand‬‬ ‫‪River Nile‬‬
‫‪sights:‬‬ ‫‪Everest,‬‬ ‫‪Canyon.‬‬ ‫‪Falls.‬‬ ‫‪Canal‬‬
‫‪Venice.‬‬
‫المناظر الطبيعية‬ ‫قمة ايفرست‬ ‫جراند كانيون‬ ‫شالالت انجيال‬ ‫جراند كانل في‬ ‫نهر النيل‬
‫مدينة‪ :‬البندقية‪:‬‬
‫‪Man-made‬‬ ‫‪Great Wall of‬‬ ‫‪Big Ben,‬‬ ‫‪Taj Mahal.‬‬ ‫‪Ayah Sofia‬‬
‫‪sights:‬‬ ‫‪China,‬‬ ‫‪Mosque‬‬
‫‪Istanbul.‬‬
‫مناظر من صنع‬ ‫سور الصين العظيم‬ ‫ساعة بيج بن‬ ‫تاج محل‬ ‫مسجد أيا صوفيا‬
‫االنسان‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
2.2 Giving your opinion ‫إبداء رأيك‬

A- Listen and read the conversation. Then practice it with a partner.

.‫ ثم تدرب عليها مع زميلك‬.‫استمع واقرأ المحادثة‬
Laila: What do you think of these ‫ما رأيك في هذه المباني الثالثة؟‬
three buildings?
Fatima : Well, In my opinion, the ‫ الهرم األكبر هو األهم بسبب‬، ‫ في رأيي‬، ‫حسنا‬
Great Pyramid Is the most .‫تاريخه‬
important because of its history.
Laila: I don’t agree. I think the ‫أنا ال أوافق أعتقد أن مسجد شاه فيصل أكثر أهمية‬
Shah Faisal Mosque is more ‫ألنه اكبر مسجد في العالم‬
important because it’s the Largest
mosque in
Fatima : Maybe you’re right. .‫ربما تكون على حق‬
Laila: Which do you think is the ‫ما هو االجمل في رائيك؟‬
most beautiful?
Fatima: The Alhambra, I think. ‫ ماذا عنك؟‬.‫ على ما أعتقد‬، ‫قصر الحمراء‬
What about you?
Laila: Yes, I think so. too. I think
the Great Pyramid is .‫ جدا‬.‫أعتقد ذلك‬
‫أعتقد أن األهرامات العظيمة‬
the most interesting of the three. .‫األكثر إثارة لالهتمام من الثالثة‬
Fatima: Really? Well, in my
opinion it’s less interesting ‫ في رأيي أنها أقل إثارة لالهتمام‬، ‫هل حقا؟ حسنا‬
than the Alhambra. There’s more ‫ هناك الكثير لتراه في قصر‬.‫من قصر الحمراء‬
to see in the Alhambra. .‫الحمراء‬
Laila: OK. Which do you think Is ‫ ما هو في رأيك أقدم؟‬.‫حسنا‬
the oldest?
Fatima The Great Pyramid. It’s .‫ سنة‬2000 ‫ عمره أكثر من‬.‫الهرم االكبر‬
more than 2,000 years old.
Laila: Yes, I think that’s right. ‫ ومسجد الشاه فيصل ربما‬.‫ أعتقد أن هذا صحيح‬، ‫نعم‬
15
.‫هو األقل قد ًما‬

Fatima: I don’t know. Welt have .‫ حسنا يجب أن نستكشف ذلك‬.‫ ال أعرف‬،‫ال أدري‬
to find out.

Look!

Giving on opinion Agreeing Disagreeing
I think ... I agree. I disagree / I don’t
‫انا اعتقد‬ ‫ انا موافق‬agree. ‫انا غير موافق‬
In my opinion, ... I think so, too. No, I don’t think so.

‫في رائيي‬ ‫انا اعتقد ذلك‬ ‫انا ال اعتقد ذلك‬

Making comparisons between two
things
adjective + er e.g., Larger
more / Less + adjective e.g., More important. / less
interesting
Adjective + est e.g., largest
Most / least + adjective e.g., Most beautiful , least ancient.

16
2.3 First on the summit ‫األول على القمة‬
A- Read and discuss this statement in groups.

‫اقرا وناقش هذه الجمل المثبتة في مجموعات‬
Why do you think each point is true?
‘You can’t be a successful mountaineer if you have any of these qualities:
‫لماذا تعتقد أن كل نقطة صحيحة؟‬

‫ال يمكنك أن تكون متسلق جبال ناجح إذا كان لديك أي من هذه الصفات‬
unfit, easily frightened, careless, not very strong, need a lot of

sleep,
‫غير الئق‬ ‫تخاف بسهولة‬ ‫غير مهتم‬ ‫غير قوي‬ ‫تحتاج النوم كثيرا‬
always hungry, don’t like being cold, don’t like being in a team.’
‫دائما جائع‬ ‫ال تحتمل البرد‬ ‫ال تحب ان تكون في مجموعات‬

B- Read the profile of Edmund Hillary. Then discuss his qualities.
‫اقرا عن قصة حياة هنري ادمند ثم ناقش صفاته‬
WHEN Edmund Hillary was a young boy. he was very thin and he was not good
at ball games. He studied hard at school then went to college. However, he
dropped out after two years and worked with his father as a bee-keeper.
‫ درس بجد في‬.‫ كان نحيفًا جدًا ولم يكن جيدًا في ألعاب الكرة‬:.‫عندما كان إدموند هيالري صبيًا صغيرًا‬
.‫ للنحل‬:‫ انسحب بعد عامين وعمل مع والده كمربي‬، ‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫المدرسة ثم ذهب إلى الكلية‬
Then he joined the New Zealand air force as a navigator. Hillary started
climbing in his own country when he was young. He went on his first trip to the
17
‫‪Himalayas In 1951. Around that time, a British mountaineering team was‬‬

‫‪planning an expedition to climb Everest.‬‬
‫ثم انضم إلى سالح الجو في نيوزيلندا كمالح‪ .‬بدأ هيالري يتسلق في بلده عندما كان صغيرا‪ .‬ذهب في أول‬
‫رحلة له إلى جبال الهيمااليا في عام ‪ .1951‬في ذلك الوقت ‪ ،‬كان فريق تسلق الجبال البريطاني‪ :‬يخطط‬
‫للقيام برحلة تسلق جبل إفرست‪.‬‬
‫‪The Leader heard that Hillary was an excellent climber and Invited him to join‬‬
‫‪the team. The expedition began in 1953. The whole team climbed to 8,000‬‬
‫‪meters.‬‬
‫سمع قائد الرحلة أن هيالري كان متسلق ممتاز ودعاه لالنضمام‪ :‬إلى الفريق‪ .‬بدأت الرحلة في عام ‪.1953‬‬
‫تسلق الفريق بأكمله إلى ‪ 8000‬متر‪.‬‬
‫‪Then two team members tried to climb the last 848 meters to the summit.‬‬
‫‪Unfortunately, when they were about 100 meters from the top. there was a‬‬
‫‪bad storm and their oxygen equipment failed.‬‬
‫ثم حاول اثنان من أعضاء الفريق تسلق آخر ‪ 848‬متر إلى القمة‪ .‬لسوء الحظ ‪ ،‬عندما كانوا على بعد‬
‫حوالي ‪ 100‬متر من القمة‪ .‬كانت هناك عاصفة سيئة وفشلت معدات األوكسجين الخاصة بهم‪.‬‬
‫‪They had to climb back down. Then Hillary and Tensing Norgay, a Sherpa, set‬‬
‫‪off to try again. On May 28. they made their Last camp just below the summit.‬‬
‫كان عليهم النزول إلى أسفل‪ .‬ثم انطلق اندمند هيلري و تينسينغ نورغاي‪ :‬مرة أخرى ‪ ،‬في محاولة مرة‬
‫أخرى‪ .‬في ‪ 28‬مايو ‪ ،‬صنعوا‪ :‬معسكرهم األخير أسفل القمة‪.‬‬
‫‪Next morning, they roped themselves together and began the final, most‬‬
‫‪difficult section at 6.30 a.m. When they were cutting steps in the ice. Hilary‬‬
‫‪slipped and fell, into a crevasse. Fortunately. Tensing saved him by pulling the‬‬
‫‪rope. They reached the summit at 11.30 a.m.‬‬
‫في صباح اليوم التالي ‪ ،‬ربطوا أنفسهم معا وبدأوا‪ :‬الجزء األخير ‪ ،‬االصعب في الساعة ‪ 6.30‬صباحا‬
‫عندما كانوا يقطعون خطوات في الجليد‪ .‬تراجع هيالري وسقط ‪ ،‬في شق عميق‪ .‬لحسن الحظ‪.‬‬
‫أنقذه تنسنج بواسطة سحب الحبل‪ .‬وصلوا‪ :‬للقمة الساعة ‪ 11.30‬صباحا‪.‬‬
‫‪The first men on the top of the world stayed there for only 15 minutes. Hilary‬‬
‫‪continued to climb mountains and go on other expeditions. He joined on‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪expedition to cross the Antarctic by tractor and an expedition to explore the‬‬

‫‪Ganges River.‬‬
‫بقي الرجال األوائل في قمة العالم هناك لمدة ‪ 15‬دقيقة فقط‪ .‬واصل هيالري تسلق الجبال والذهاب في‬
‫رحالت استكشافية أخرى‪ .‬انضم في رحلة استكشافية لعبور القطب الجنوبي عن طريق الجرار واالنتقال‬
‫الستكشاف‪ :‬نهر الغانج‪.‬‬
‫‪He also helped the Sherpa people by raising money to build their first school in‬‬
‫‪1961 and many more schools, hospitals and airfields after that.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫كما ساعد شعب شيربا من خالل جمع األموال لبناء أول مدرسة في عام ‪ 1961‬والعديد‪ :‬من المدارس‬
‫والمستشفيات والمطارات‪ :‬بعد ذلك‪.‬‬
‫ناس الجبال ‪2.4 Mountain people‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اقرأ و اجب عن األسئلة ‪A - Read and answer the questions.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫?‪1. Where did the Sherpa people Live at first‬‬
‫‪1. They lived in Tibet. / They came from Tibet.‬‬
‫‪1.‬أين عاش شعب شيربا في البداية؟‬

‫‪ 1.‬عاشوا في اقليم التبت‪ / .‬لقد أتوا من التبت‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫? ‪2.Why do many of them become mountain guides‬‬
‫‪2. Because they are able to live and work at much higher altitudes than most‬‬
‫‪other people.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ .2‬لماذا اصبح الكثير منهم مرشدين جبليين؟‬

‫‪2.‬ألنهم قادرون على العيش والعمل في أعلى من ذلك بكثير ارتفاعات من معظم الناس اآلخرين‪.‬‬
‫? ‪3. what porters do‬‬

‫‪3. Porters carry food and equipment up the mountains for Mountaineers‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪3.‬ماذا بفعل الحمالين؟‬

‫‪ 3.‬الحمالين يحملون الغذاء والمعدات ألعلى الجبال للمتسلقين‬
‫‪19‬‬

The Sherpa people came from Tibet about 500 hundred years ago and settled in
the mountain region of Nepal. They are able to live and work at much higher
attitudes than most other people. Many of them work as mountaineering
guides and porters. The most famous Sherpa is Tensing Norgay. who first
climbed Everest with Edmund Hillary.
‫ وهم قادرون على‬.‫ عام تقريبًا واستقروا في منطقة الجبل في نيبال‬500 ‫جاء شعب شيربا من التبت قبل‬
‫ كثير منهم يعملون كمرشدين لتسلق‬.‫العيش والعمل في مناطق أعلى بكثير من معظم الناس اآلخرين‬
.‫ أشهرها شيربا هو تنسينج نورقاي الذي صعد للمرة األولى إيفرست مع إدموند هيالري‬.‫الجبال وحمالين‬
B- Use the notes to talk about Tensing in groups.

Tensing Norgay

born 1949 Nepal a Village near the border of Tibet close to Mount
Everest
‫ولد‬ ‫ نيبال قرية بالقرب من حدود التبت بالقرب من جبل ايفرست‬1949
family one of 13 children
‫العائلة‬ ً‫ طفال‬13 ‫واحد من‬
languages spoke seven languages but never learnt how to write
‫اللغات‬ ‫تكلم سبع لغات ولكن لم يتعلم كيفية الكتابة‬
work 1933 moved to Darjeeling India to work as a porter during war
years - Indian army ski instructor
‫العمل‬ ‫ مدرب تزلج‬- ‫ إلى دارجيلنغ الهند للعمل كحمال أثناء سنوات الحرب‬1933 ‫انتقل‬
1953 first expedition to Everest reach The Summit in 1953
1953 1953 ‫اول رحلة استكشافية إلى قمة إيفرست وصل إلى القمة في عام‬
20
after Everest opened mountaineering School in Darjeeling to train people as

a mountaineering guides
‫بعد ايفرست‬ .‫فتح مدرسة تسلق الجبال في دارجيلنغ لتدريب الناس كمرشدين للجبال‬
died May .9. 1986
‫توفي‬ 1986 .9.‫مايو‬

Look !

Talking about past
to make the past simple tense of regular verbs
Add ed for example move - moved - settle - settled
Irregular verbs have different past tense forms
e.g - speak - spoke
to make the past continuous tense use the verb be + main verb with -ing
for example I was planning

2.5 When were they invented ? ‫متى اخترعت ؟‬

A- Ask and answer questions about these inventions.
‫اسئل واجب األسئلة عن االختراعات‬

Look !

when was the radio invented ?
we can use the + singular countable nouns
to talk about things in general. Specially inventions
when was the airplane invented? in 1903
Was the radio invented in the 20th century ?
No it was invented in the 19th century

Sample answers
When was the car invented? ‫متى اخترعت السيارة؟‬

In eighteen eighty five. 1885
21
When was the telephone invented? ‫متى تم اختراع الهاتف؟‬

In eighteen seventy six. 1876
When was the TV invented? ‫متى اخترع التلفزيون؟‬
In nineteen twenty 1920
Was the camera invented in the twentieth century? ‫هل اخترعت الكاميرا في القرن العشرين؟‬
No. it was invented in the nineteenth century. .‫ فقد اخترع في القرن التاسع عشر‬، ‫ال‬
Was the (ridge invented in the twenty-first century? ‫هل اخترعت الثالجة في القرن الواحد‬
‫والعشرين؟‬
No, it was invented in the twentieth century. .‫ لقد اخترع في القرن العشرين‬، ‫ال‬
Was the computer invented in the twenty first ‫هل اخترع الكمبيوتر في القرن الواحد‬
century? ‫والعشرين؟‬
No, It was invented in the twentieth century. .‫ لقد اخترع في القرن العشرين‬، ‫ال‬

Look !

Past Passive
we use was / were + past participle of a main verb
it was invented in 19th century.
Instead of : Someone invented it in the 19th century
remember we use the passive when we don't know or are not interested in
who did something

B- Ask questions with your partner ‫اسئل و اجب عن األسئلة مع زميلك‬
A: How did people travel before ‫كيف سافر الناس قبل اختراع السيارة؟‬
the car was invented?
B: How did people travel before ‫كيف سافر الناس قبل اختراع الطائرة؟‬
the aeroplane was invented?

Sample answers
How did people travel before the ‫كيف سافر الناس قبل اختراع السيارة؟‬
car was invented?
22
‫‪What did people do before the‬‬ ‫ما الذي فعله الناس قبل اختراع الهاتف؟‬
‫?‪telephone was invented‬‬
‫‪What did people do before the TV‬‬ ‫ما الذي فعله الناس قبل أن يتم اختراع‬
‫?‪was invented‬‬ ‫التلفزيون؟‬
‫‪What did people do before the‬‬ ‫ما الذي فعله الناس قبل أن يتم اختراع‬
‫?‪camera was invented‬‬ ‫الكاميرا؟‬
‫‪How did people keep food cold‬‬ ‫كيف يبقي الناس الطعام باردًا قبل اختراع‬
‫‪before the fridge was‬‬ ‫الثالجة؟‬
‫?‪invented‬‬
‫‪What did people do before the‬‬ ‫ما الذي فعله الناس قبل اختراع الكمبيوتر؟‬
‫?‪computer was invented‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪C - look at the pictures and think of answers to the questions‬‬
‫انظر الى الصور‪ :‬وفكر في اإلجابة لهذه األسئلة‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪Sample answers‬‬
‫‪Before the car was invented. people‬‬ ‫قبل اختراع السيارة‪ .‬سار الناس في كل‬
‫‪walked everywhere.‬‬ ‫مكان‪.‬‬
‫‪Before the aero plane was invented,‬‬ ‫قبل اختراع طائرة هوائية ‪ ،‬سافر الناس عن‬
‫‪people travelled by ship.‬‬ ‫طريق السفن‪.‬‬
‫‪People delivered letters by horse before‬‬ ‫تسليم الناس رسائل عن طريق‪ :‬االحصنة قبل‬
‫‪the telephone was invented.‬‬ ‫اختراع الهاتف‪.‬‬
‫‪Before the telephone was invented‬‬ ‫قبل اختراع الهاتف كان الناس يكتبون‬
‫‪people wrote letters.‬‬ ‫الرسائل‪.‬‬
‫‪People wrote everything on paper before‬‬ ‫كتب الناس كل شيء على الورق قبل‬
‫‪the computer was invented.‬‬ ‫اختراع الكمبيوتر‪.‬‬
‫‪23‬‬
Before the TV was invented people met ‫ التقى الناس للتحدث في‬، ‫قبل اختراع التلفاز‬
to talk in groups. .‫مجموعات‬
Artists painted pictures before the :.‫رسمت الفنانين الصور قبل اختراع الكاميرا‬
camera was invented.

2.6 Favorite possessions ‫الممتلكات المفضلة‬

A- Read about these people. Each one has a favorite possession.
Which of the machines below do you think it is? Why?
‫ كل واحد لديه شيء مفضل ؟‬.‫ اقرأ عن هؤالء الناس‬-‫أ‬.
Susan is a fifteen year-old school girl Her parents moved from the north
of Scotland to the south of England last year. She is making new
friends, but she misses her old friends and relatives.
‫ إنها تكون‬.‫ انتقل والديها من شمال اسكتلندا إلى جنوب إنجلترا العام الماضي‬، ‫هي فتاة في الخامسة عشرة من عمرها‬
.‫ لكنها تفتقد صديقاتها وأقاربها القدامى‬، ‫صداقات جديدة‬
Alex is a sixteen-year-old schoolboy who is going to be on architect

when he leaves school. He is interested in buildings of all kinds,
ancient and modern.
.‫هو تلميذ يبلغ من العمر ستة عشر عا ًما وسيكون مهندسًا معماريًا عندما يٌنهي المدرسة‬
.‫ القديمة والحديثة‬، ‫يهتم بالمباني بجميع أنواعها‬
Mai is Chinese, but she is studying at Manchester University. She
hopes to go home for the summer holiday.
.‫ إنها تأمل في العودة إلى المنزل لقضاء عطلة الصيف‬.‫ لكنها تدرس في جامعة مانشستر‬، ‫هي صينية‬

Bicycle notebook MP3 digital mobile desktop wheel
computer player camera phone computer drive
‫دراجة‬ ‫كمبيوتر محمول‬ ‫مشغل‬ ‫كميرا رقمية‬ ‫هاتف نقال‬ ‫كمبيوتر مكتي‬ ‫سيارة دفع‬
24
‫أغاني‬

Answers :

1. Mobile phone
2. Digital camera
3. Bike
4. Notebook computer

2.7-2.8 The Alhambra ‫قصر الحمرا‬

Friday, January 25, 2019
10:08 PM

A- Look at the pictures and their captions and guess the meanings of the new
words
The view from the Alhambra curved wooden door

‫المنظر من قصر الحمراء‬ ‫أبواب خشبية منحنية‬
fountain in an area in the gardens Courtyard with arches and reflection
in the water
‫نافورة في الحدائق‬ ‫فناء مع أقواس وانعكاس في الماء‬
Colored Tile ‫بالط ملون‬ The dom‫القبة‬
The Alcazaba Fortress ‫ قلعة القصبة‬court of lions ‫ساحة االسود‬

B- Here is some information about the Alhambra from a travel brochure.
Read each paragraph and match It to one or two of the pictures on page 20.
.‫ إليكم بعض المعلومات عن قصر الحمراء من كتيب السفر‬-‫ب‬

.20 ‫اقرأ كل فقرة وقم بمطابقتها مع واحدة أو اثنتين من الصور في الصفحة‬
25
The Alhambra in Granada, Southern Spain, is visited by thousands of people

every year. It takes three to four hours to enjoy everything in this amazing
palace. It’s a good idea to book your ticket online to save time.
‫اعات‬::‫ع س‬::‫ر من ثالث إلى أرب‬::‫تغرق األم‬::‫ يس‬.‫ام‬::‫ل ع‬::‫خاص ك‬::‫بانيا آالف األش‬::‫وب إس‬::‫ة بجن‬::‫راء في غرناط‬::‫يزور قصر الحم‬
‫ من الجيد حجز تذكرتك عبر اإلنترنت لتوفير الوقت‬.‫لالستمتاع بكل شيء في هذا القصر المذهل‬
The Alhambra was the palace of the Nasrid sultan, who ruled that part of Spain
in the 13th and 14m centuries It was built on a hill overlooking the town of
Granada.
‫ الذي حكم هذا الجزء من إسبانيا في القرنين الثالث عشر والرابع عشر‬، ‫كان قصر الحمراء قصر السلطان النصري‬
.‫ وقد تم بناؤه على تل يطل على مدينة غرناطة‬، ‫الميالدي‬
The views from the hill are spectacular and the buildings have wonderful
examples of Islamic architecture of the time. There are three groups of
buildings the Palace, the gardens called the Generallfe and the Alcazaba
Fortress,
، ‫ هناك ثالث مجموعات من المباني‬.‫المناظر من التل مذهلة والمباني هي أمثلة رائعة من العمارة اإلسالمية في ذلك الوقت‬
، ‫ وقلعة القصبة‬Generallfe ‫ والحدائق تسمى‬، ‫القصر‬
which is the oldest part. When Ibn Al-Ahmar. the first Nasrid ruler, made
Granada his capital in the 13” century, the red-walled fortress was the only
building. He rebuilt it, added huge walls and thirteen towers and then began
building a palace. More rooms were added by the rulers who came later.
‫ كانت القلعة ذات‬، 13 ‫ جعل غرناطة عاصمة له في القرن‬، ‫ أول حاكم نصري‬.‫ عندما ابن االحمر‬.‫وهو الجزء األقدم‬
‫ تم‬.‫ ثم بدأ في بناء قصر‬، ‫ وأضاف جدرانًا ضخمة وثالثة عشر برجًا‬، ‫ قام بإعادة بنائه‬.‫الجدران الحمراء هي المبنى الوحيد‬
.‫إضافة المزيد من الغرف بواسطة الحكام الذين جاءوا الحقًا‬
The nearest water was 10 kilometers away. so ii was brought up to the palace
by a pump system. You will be amazed by the beauty of the rooms when you
visit the
26
palace. they are all built around courtyards which usually have a fountain or a
pool. The building is reflected in the water. The rooms are all different in size
and shape
and they are differently decorated. The walls have colored tiles. carvings and
Islamic inscriptions. There are marble columns and arches, carved wooden
doors and spectacular ceilings.
‫ ستندهش من جمال‬.‫ لذلك تم إحضار الثاني إلى القصر بواسطة نظام المضخة‬.‫ كيلومترات‬10 ‫كان أقرب ماء على بعد‬
.‫ ينعكس المبنى في الماء‬.‫ يتم بناؤها جميعًا حول أفنية تحتوي عادة على نافورة و حمام سباحة‬.‫الغرف عند زيارتك القصر‬
.‫ المنحوتات والنقوش اإلسالمية‬.‫ الجدران لها بالط ملون‬.‫جميع الغرف مختلفة في الحجم والشكل وهي مزينة بشكل مختلف‬
.‫هناك أعمدة وأقواس رخامية وأبواب خشبية منحوتة وأسقف رائعة‬
THE GENERALIFE.

The gardens air divided into shady areas with leafy plants and refreshing
fountains and streams. In one of the areas, there Is a stone staircase with water
flowing down There are beautiful little summer houses where you can rest.

‫ يوجد درج حجري به مياه‬، ‫ في أحد المناطق‬.‫تنقسم الحدائق إلى مناطق مظللة بها نباتات مورقة ونوافير وجداول منعشة‬
.‫تتدفق ألسفل وهناك منازل صيفية جميلة صغيرة يمكنك االسترخاء فيها‬
3.1 Omar's personal achievements ‫إنجازات عمر الشخصية‬

10:18 PM

B- Listen to Omar talking to his uncle. Answer the questions.

1. Is Omar good at sport?
27
1. Yes, he is. ( running / fishing / football )

2. Is he good at any school subjects?
2. yes, he is. ( biology ).

3. Can he play the violin?
3. yes, he can. ( but not very well )

Uncle: What are you doing. Omar7
Omar: I’m writing about my personal achievements for
a school project, but I’m stuck. I can’t think of any.
Of course you con. Everybody has achievements.
What about sport? Are you good at it? Have you
ever won o race?
Ort Welt. I could run very fast when I was o bit younger. I came first
in the 100 meters when I was ten. I don’t usually win now.
Uncle: OK, but what about other sports?
Omar: I am good at fishing. I am also really good at football I play for the
school team.
I There you are. They ore achievements. What else? Have you ever
done really welt In a test at school?
Yes, I have. I was top of the class in biology six months ago. I won
o prize.
Right, that’s another one. What about music? Have you ever learnt
to play a musical instrument?
Omar, Yes. I have. I con play the violin, but very badly.

C- Talk with a partner. Ask the questions

1. What could Omar do when he was ten ?
1. He could run very fast

2. What things could you do well when you were about ten? Can you do them
better or worse now ?
2. I could play the guitar when I was ten. Now I can play it better.

Look !
I can play the Villon
28
I could run fast when he was eight

use can to talk about your ability now
use could to talk about your general ability in the past

3.2 Have you ever ridden a horse ?
10:48 PM

A- Read the questions and match them to the correct pictures

1. Hove you ever ridden a horse? [E]
2. Hove you ever beaten your father at chess? [H]
3. Have you ever written o poem? [G]
4. Hove you ever been fishing? [C]
5. Have you ever come Lost in o race? [B]
6. Hove you ever played the guitar? [D]
7. Have you ever worn a mask? [F]
8. Hove you ever eaten Chinese food? [A]

Look !
the present perfect have + past participle
I have eaten Chinese food - (present perfect)
I ate Chinese food last week - (past simple)

3.3 interesting activities
10:53 PM

A- Look at the pictures again and find the following.

Answers
1. scuba diving
2. (mountain) climbing
3. camping
4. skateboarding
29
S. playing computer games

6. tennis
7. cycling
8. snowboarding

B- Look at the pictures again and find the following.
a a a a a a Glove a
helm mas snowboa ca sleepi rop s monit wetsu backpa
et k rd p ng bog e or it ck
trainers skateboard shorts a net a tracksuit a rocket

Answers
a helmet — picture 7
a mask — picture 1
a snowboard — picture 8
a cap — picture 4
a sleeping bag — picture 3
a rope — picture 2
gloves — picture 8
a monitor — picture 5
a wetsuit — picture 1
a backpack — picture 3
trainers — picture 6
a skateboard — picture 4
shorts — picture 6
a net — picture 6
a tracksuit — picture 7
a racket — picture 6

Look!
Use play for activities with a bolt, and for games.
e.g., play chess, computer games, football
Use go for other activities.
e.g, go camping, swimming

30

3.4 My favorite sport
11:04 PM

A- Read the descriptions of the three sports and decide what they are.

1. I really Like …………………... I go to the local court with my friends and
four of us play together. It’ not complicated: you just need a rocket to
Net the ball over the net. Some people wear shorts, but I wear a tracksuit
and trainers.

2. I’m very keen on …………………... It’s quite a dangerous sport but it’s
very exciting. You must hove the right equipment and clothes: a rope, o
helmet and boots. You can go to the mountains to do it, or you con use o
watt in a sports center.

3. I’m quite good at …………………... I practice every day with
my friends. I usually wear shorts and a cop and good trainers. I hove a
new board, because my old one broke. y0 can do It in the street or in a
special park.

B- What Is the name of the person who does the sport?
1. tennis player
2. climber
3. skateboarder

Look at the tables below and talk about the activities that you enjoy.

I quite Like swimming
Realty Like football

I’m quite keen on Swimming
Very Good at Football
Really
31

3.5 Music
11:10 PM

A- Look at the pictures and discuss the questions with o partner.

1. Which instruments con you see In the pictures?

piano oud drums violin cello guitar
keyboard Flute guitar double bass Trumpet Piano
Cello Villon Drums

2. What is the difference between the words in each pair?

a) pop music / folk music
modern music/traditional music

b) group / orchestra
a small number of people a large number of people

c) drum / drum kit
one single drum/a number of drums together

d) piano / keyboard
not electric /electric

e) violin / cello
small string instrument / a large string instrument

f) flute / trumpet
a small wind instrument / a large wind instrument

32
Look !

I prefer pop to classical music
use subject + prefer to talk about what someone General prefers

I'd prefer to learn the guitar
Would (’d) prefer + infinitive with to
I'd rather learn the guitar
would ('d) + verb

Use subject + would + prefer to / rather
to talk about what someone wants in particular situation

3.6 Achievements In sport
11:13 PM

A- Quickly read the radio headlines below. Which of these sports are they
writing about?
1.squash 2.hurdles 3.football 4.cricket

B- Match the headlines with the stories below.
a-3 b-1 c-4 d-2

a) Amr Shabana from Egypt has won his
third World Open squash tournament,
beating his opponent 11-7. 11-4. 11-6. “ [3]

b) Libya has defeated Egypt,
2-0. in the final, of the
Arab *Futsal Championship. [1]

c) Ireland has won the 60 meters hurdles
gold medal on the second day of the
World Indoor Championships. [4]

33
d) India has had a surprise

victory over Australia. [2]

1
The tournament took place in Tripoli.
Six countries took part: Libya, Egypt.
Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Lebanon.
Lebanon was third and Morocco was
fourth. They were followed by Algeria,
who beat Tunisia. Libya played well and
deserved to win.

2
India captain Anil Kumble and his team
surprised everyone when they beat
the ‘Aussies in the Third Test. It was an
exciting and entertaining match.

3
Shabana took only 42 minutes to win.
This was the shortest match of the
tournament. He also won the World
Open in 2003,2005 and 2007.

4
The 24-year-old achieved a record of
7.84 seconds worked hard for this
result. I was nervous, but everything
was OK during the run said Derval
O’Rourke. I became more confident in
every session of the competition’.

* Aussies = a friendly word for Australians
*Futsal = indoor football
* championship = an important sporting competition
* tournament = a sporting competition with several parts

.
34

3.7-3.8 A biography
11:31 PM

A- Work with a partner.

1. What is a biography?
1. A biography is when someone writes about another person’s life.

2. Have you ever read about the Life of someone famous?
2. yes, I have. No, I have not.

3. What’s the difference between a biography and an autobiography?
3. An autobiography is when you write about your own life

B- Read this biography about Naguib Mahfouz. What is he famous for?

Naguib Mahfouz had a very Long and successful writing career.
He wrote thirty novels and more thon one hundred short stories.
Many of his novels ore now films. In 1988, he was the first Arab
writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
i Mahfouz was born in Cairo In 1911. He could read at on early
age and first began writing at the age of seventeen. His mother
often took him to museums, and Egyptian history was a major
theme of his books. He studied philosophy at the Egyptian
University, which is now called Cairo University. For most of his
Life he worked as a civil servant.
He published his first collection of stories in 1938 and wrote
his first novel in 1939. Between 1939 and 1954. he wrote three
historical novels. He Later become well known throughout
the Arab World for his novels which showed Life in the cities.
Mahfouz wrote his famous Cairo Trilogy between 1956 and 1957.
It was a huge success around the world. The books follow the
Lives of an Egyptian family over many years.
Naguib died In 2006. aged 94. He is known in Egypt as the
35
2Ot.century Egyptian pyramid.

4.1 Science and nature
11:34 PM

A- Match the correct words a—J and phrases to the pictures 1—10.

a) boil water 5
b) freeze water 10
c) melt butter 9
d) dissolve sugar 1
e) a red tomato 6
f) float a ball 4
g) sink a stone 3
h) heat air 7
I) water plants 2
J) a rainbow 8

B- Now read the scientific truths and match each one to a picture.

a) If you put a stone in water, it sinks. 3
b) If you put o tennis bolt In water, It floats. 4
c) If you heat air. it rises. 7
d) If you coot water to OC, it freezes. 10
e) If you heat water to 100C, it boils. 5
f) If you heat butter it melts. 9
36
g) If you odd sugar to hot tea, it dissolves. 1

h) If you leave green tomatoes in the sun, they turn red. 6
i) If you don’t water plants, they die. 2
j) If sunlight shines through raindrops, you see a rainbow. 8

Look!

 Water can be a noun. - Plants need water to live.
 Water can be a verb. - If you don’t water the plants, they die.
C- Think of some scientific truths and talk about them with a partner
If you Leave milk in a warm place, … it goes sour

Look ! Conditional type O

If + present tense + comma + present tense.
If you heat water to 100°C, It boils.

4.2 What happens?
11:43 PM

A- Look at the headiness and decide If they are true or false.

Fact: If you go to bed late, you don’t sleep well T
You damage your eyes if you spend too tong time on the computer T
If you have plenty of EXCERCISE you stay healthy T
If you eat lots of fish, you become good at maths F
YOU DO BETTER AT SCHOOL IF YOU eat a good breakfast T

4.3 floating and sinking
37
Saturday, January 26, 2019

7:33 PM

A- Look at the words in the box and decide which objects float
and which objects sink.

boat balloon banana stone apple knife Football book

Answers
Float — boat , balloon. apple, football, banana (unpeeled)
Sink — stone, knife, book

B- Read the text and try to answer the questions.

Some objects. like stones. always sink In water. Other objects. like corks. always
float. This Isn't Because an object Is heavy or light. It's because of the objects
density.
Density is the heaviness of an object for it's size. Try these experiments with
your friends and family.

How can you make an sink
if you put an orange in a bowl of water floats if you peel the orange and put
it back in the water it sinks why?

How can you make an egg float ?
If you put an egg into a glass of water it sinks. take the egg out. add 10
teaspoons of salt to the water and stir. if you put the egg into the salt water it
floats. why ?

How can you suspend an egg in water?
pour half the salt water away tilt the glass and slowly add cold water until the
glass is full again if you put the egg back into the glass it sinks through the fresh
water at the top of the glass and floats on the salt water. Why?
Look !
38
Imperative for instructions

Take the egg out.
Add ten teaspoons of salt and stir.

4.4-4.5 Transpiration
7:58 PM

A- Match the words a—j to the pictures 1—10.

a. Soil [3]
b. Gravel [10]
c. a jar [4]
d) a ruler [9]
e) leaves [1]
f) small plants [6]
g) moss [7]
h) ajar with a lid [2]
i) sticks [8]
j) Roots [5]

B- Read and choose the correct definition of transpiration.

Transpiration is when:
a) people move plants from one place to another.
b) plants do not grow.
c) plants Lose water through their Leaves.

C- Read the instructions and put the pictures in the correct order.

a) Pour two centimeters of grovel into the jar.[4]
b) Add two centimeters of soil.[5]
c) Make holes in the soil with the stick. Leave some space between the holes.
[2]
d) Put the plants Into the soil with the sticks.[6]
e) Put the moss on top of the soil.[7]
f) Water the plants. Make sure the soil is very wet.[3]
39
g) After three days. put the Lid on the Jar.[1]

E- Read the text below. Explain how transpiration happens in forecast.

Did you know?
Transpiration happens in forests, too. When the Leaves of the trees
transpire, the water forms clouds. When the clouds hove a Lot of water
in them, it rains. The rain goes into the soil, and then the trees toke the
water from the soil with their roots.

4.6 Food and health
8:07 PM

B- Read this article about shopping and answer the questions In your
Workbook.

Food shopping in Britain

Bad food habits
A Lot of people in Britain have bad diets.
They have stopped cooking fresh fruit and
vegetables, and eat o tot of frozen food
and food in tins and pockets. Most people
drive to large supermarkets to do their
shopping Just once or twice a week and
they have stopped going to local markets
and shops for fresh frit and vegetates.
They often buy imported food that comes
to the co4xitry by aero plane instead of
foods that growing locally.
Why is this ?
Many people say that they want to eat
fresh Local food, but they don’t have time
40
to cook it. It is easier and cheaper to buy

o pocket med or frozen pizza, Other
people soy they don’t know how to cook
because they didn't learn at school.

Supermarkets
Another problem is that shoppers go to
big supermarkets because they work alt
day and the local markets and shops dose
early Supermarkets have alt the food
you need in one place. They are often
outside the town though, so people have
to use their cars for shopping The average
person in Britain travels about 135 miles by
car every year to shop for food. This is not
good for the environment.
Changing food habits

There have been some television
programmers to help people change their
diets. Chefs on television are teaching
people to cook good, healthy meals using
local meat arid vegetables. Schools are
also starting to give children healthier
food for their lunch. Some supermarkets
are selling more fresh local food as welt
as imported produce.

4.7-4.8 Food
8:28 PM

A- Answer the quiz questions in small groups.

FOOD QUIZ

1. Name the food in each of the pictures.
41

Aprico lettuc apples dates grapes
ts e
Orang Lemo limes Almo
es ns nds banana
s
Peanuts Potatoes Tomatoes

2. Which pictures show fruit?
Fruit: apricots, apples, dates, grapes, oranges, lemons.
limes, bananas, tomatoes

3. Which pictures show vegetables?
Vegetables: lettuce, potatoes

4. Which pictures show nuts?
Nuts: almonds, peanuts

5. Which food grows on trees?
Grows on trees: apricots, apples, dates, oranges.
lemons, limes, almonds, bananas

6. Which food is grown in Libya?
Grown in Libya: apricots, dates. grapes, oranges,
lemons. limes. almonds. tomatoes, peanuts. almonds

7. Which food is imported into Libya ?
I don't know, but a lot of fruits are grown here.

8. Which food is usually cooked before you eat it?
Usually cooked: potatoes

B- Listen to Hala and Mona discussing food, Tick the picture of food they
talk about.

HaLa: Do you know which food is imported?
42
Mona: I’m not sure, but a lot of fruits are grown here.
Lila: Yes, apricots. grapes. dates...
Mona: And citrus fruit.
Hala: What do you mean?
Mona: Well. frui.t like oranges, lemons and limes.
Hala: So sour fruit.
Mona: And tomatoes.
HaLa: Tomatoes? Aren’t they vegetables?
Mona: No. my dad says they’re fruit. Anyway. we
also grow nuts — peanuts and almonds.
Hala: Have you ever wondered where peanuts grow?
Mona: On a tree like other ,nuts ، suppose.
Hala: I don’t think so. I think they grow under the ground.
Mona: Really? I’ll look on the internet and see.

5.1 It's been very wet this winter
8:31 PM

Droughts More floods fog causes problems

A- Which types of weather are common in summer and which are common in
winter in your area?

Wind Sun drought floods rain cold heat snow Fog thunderstorms

It depends on which part of Libya where students live in.

B- Read the email message what is the weather like in England and Libya at
the moment ?

answers
In England it’s cold and windy. It has been raining recently
but has just stopped.
43
In Libya it’s quite cold and there has been snow in places.

Hi Ibrahim

Happy New Year? We've been on holiday
this week, but it has rained every day.
There have been floods In our town near
the river, but my house is still dry. Now that
we are going back to school, the rain has
stopped and it Is cold and windy. I prefer
the cold to the rain, though, You are lucky
to have warm winters n Libya.
Best wishes,
Henry

Hi Henry,
It’s been quite cold in Libya. too. eight degrees
Celsius in Tripoli this week. and in some
places there’s even been some snow. We like
the rain best though, because it is so hot in
the summer. This year there was a heat wave
for two months, and temperatures reached
50—55 degrees Celsius . When it rains In
summer, the children run outside and play?
Be wishes.
Tarek

Look!
Contractions
I've been = I have been
it's been = it has been
we've been = we have been

5.2 Climates in different ports of the world
44

8:49 PM

A- Look at the map of the world. What does it show?
The map shows the world classified into climate zones.

B- Read the information below and answer the questions.

Deserts
Deserts can be very hot or cold, but they are always very, very dry. The world’s
largest deserts are in the northern hemisphere: the Sahara and the Gobi. Can
you find some other deserts on the map?
The other large deserts shown on the map are the
Kalahari in southern Africa, the Great Victoria desert in
Australia and the Atacama desert in South America.

Tropical rainforests
Tropical rainforests are located near the Equator. Fifty-seven per cent of all
tropical rainforests are found in Latin America. One-third of the world’s tropical
rainforests are in Brazil.
Where eIse can you find tropical rainforests?
Central Africa and Southeast Asia.

Cold regions
the tundra and polar regions of the world arc so cold that the ground is
permanently frozen. In summer, the top layer of soil thaws so that small plants
can grow. Animals such as the Arctic fox and the polar bear live in these
regions. Where are they located?
To the extreme north of the northern hemisphere and in central Asia.

Temperate forests
Temperate areas have four seasons, and the natural vegetation is grassland and
forests. Temperate forests arc interesting because the trees arc ‘deciduous’.
This means that their leaves change color in autumn, fall off the trees in winter
and new leaves grow again in Spring.
Where can you see temperate forests?
Southeastern parts of North American and South
America, Europe, Southern Australia and parts of the
45
south east of China.

Look !
Articles: the

We use the in front of nouns when they refer to particular
members of a group. e.g., the Largest deserts.

We also use the to refer to unique or special things.
e.g., the Sahara Desert, the Equator, the Sun

5.3 the climate has changed
8:53 PM

A- Look at the pictures and answer the questions?

1. Where do you think these people live?
India and Canada.

2. What’s the climate like?
Where the first man lives, the weather has become more
stormy. The climate where the second man lives is cold,
but not as cold as it used to be. The sea is warmer.

3. What job do they do?
The first man is a rice farmer. The second man is a
hunter/fisherman.

B- Now listen to what the people in exercise A say where you are Answers
correct

1
When I was o child, my village . was not on the beach, but in the rice fields.
My grandfather was born In this village, and people have Lived here for at
46
least one hundred years. Until two months ago. I was o rice farmer. I Lived
In a house my father built 20 years ago. It took us a whole day to go out
to the sea and come bock home.
But the weather became more stormy and the sea moved nearer and nearer
to our home until It was only 100 meters away. Two months ago, o big wave
destroyed our form. My wife and I had no time to save anything. Once the
water washed over the house, it collapsed.

2
When my grandfather was young, the winters were very cold, and there
was a Lot of ice. The ice was thicker than it is today. The spring comes
earlier now, and the sea Is wormer. When it comes, the rivers are very
fast, and sometimes there are floods.
Many people in my country are hunters or fishermen Like me. Everyone
has seen the Ice melting, and they are worried that there won’t be enough
fish or seats to eat. Some o14 people say that there is Less wild fruit than
before, and this year we haven’t seen many ducks. One old woman said
that the birds have changed their songs.

5.4 the weather forecast
9:00 PM

A- Look at the weather map and match the numbers with the phrases on the
right.
4 sun and showers in the South-West
2 snow showers in the Highlands
1 thunderstorms in the west of Scotland
6 cloudy and dull in the east of England
3 heavy rain on the west coast
5 sunshine in the London area
47
1 Read and guess the time of year

B- Read the British weather forecast for tomorrow.
What time of year is it?
It is probably winter because of the snow in Scotland.
The forecast could he for December. January or February.

Presenter: It bas been very wet this week, but will the weather change
tomorrow? Here is the weather forecast with Denn.is fish.

Dennis Fish:
Thank you. Yes, it has been very cold and wet all week, and
I’m afraid it won’t be much better tomorrow.
More rain is coming from the west. There is likely to be
heavy rain on the west coast, and thunderstorms in the west
of Scotland. The rain might even turn to snow in the north,
with snow showers in the Highland..
In the east, it will be dry in the morning, but quite cloudy
and dull. The rain will come later in the afternoon.
In the evening, things will, probably brighten up a bit.
There will be some sun and showers in the Southwest, and in
the London area there may be quite a bit of sunshine. Things
will definitely brighten up at the end of the week.

5.5 Red sky at night
9:05 PM

A- Read the rhyme and discuss what it means with a partner.

Red sky at night, shepherd’s delight.
Red sky in the morning, shepherd’s warning.

Match the questions below to their answers
48

1. What does it mean if the sky is red at night? [C]
2. What does it mean if the stars shine very brightly? [E]
3. What sort of weather will we hove if the moon is red? [B]
4. What does It mean If the clouds ore tall and dark grey? [D]
5. What does It mean if there Is a circle of Light around the moon? [A]

a) There will be stormy weather.
b) We will probably hove o windy night.
c) The next day wilt be fine.
d) It will probably rain.
e) k will probably be o cold night.

Look !!
Conditional type 1
If+ present simple / will
If the clouds are tall and grey, the weather will be stormy.

5.6 Tropical rainforests
9:10 PM

Rainforests
Location
Tropical rainforests grow near the Equator.
They are found in places such as Africa,
Asia, Central and South America, and
on Pacific islands. The largest tropical
rainforest ،s the Amazon rain forest.
It is South America.

Climate
The average temperature In a tropical
rainforests is 20—35 degrees Celsius.
It rains heavily every day. About 200
49
cerit4metres of rain falls every year. There

may e more than 200 thunderstorms
every year The trees themselves
give off water through their
leaves, and this is called
transpiration. It causes
about hail of the rain In
the Amazon rainforests.
are home to about 30 million species of
plants arid animals, They include beautiful
butterflies, birds and monkeys. That’s more
than half of the world’s species.

Plants and animals
Many of the planes and trees In
tropical rainforests are huge
and very green. They grow fast
and close together. The forests
Why people destroy.

Why they are important
Tropical rainforests are an
important part of the world
weather system. When
people destroy rainforests .
there are more flood arid
droughts. rainforests are
also important for the plant
arid animal species that live
there. These species cannot
live in other climates, so
more and more of them are
becoming extinct.

5.7 Help to save the planet
9:20 PM
50

A- Match the headings a—g to the pictures 1—7. How do these things
affect the environment?

a) Using water 6
b) Riding a bike 2
c) Wasting energy 4
d) Eating fast food 3
e) Recycling 5
f) Using chemicals 7
g) Using fuel 1

B- Here are seven ideas for using Less energy and causing Less damage to
the Earth. Read them and decide which ones are the best Ideas.

1. Use less water
Water Is life and we must
share it! Do you have long
showers or leave taps
running? We should try
to use less water and we
shouldn’t use hot water if it
isn’t necessary.

2. Ride a bike
Do you have to travel by car
an short journeys? When the
weather is cool, a bicycle
is the perfect way to travel.
Riding a bike doesn’t pollute
the a. and it helps keep us
healthy.

3. Don’t waste energy
51
Most people waste

energy. They turn the air
conditioning to high and
they forget to turn the lights
off. We should all try to save
energy arid turn off lights,
computers and televisions
at night

4. Don't eat fast food
Fast food is a problem
because it uses a lot
of packaging and uses
ingredients that come from
other parts of the world by
plane and boat. It’s much
better to eat fresh, local
food which is healthier and
less expensive.

5. Recycle
People A Europe and
America use too many
resources. If we al recycle
paper, plastic bags and
bottles, we won’t waste so
many raw materials.

6. Cut down on chemicals
Chemicals are used In
cleaning products, fuels and
even clothes. They pollute
our water and land. If we
wear natural clothes and use
products without chemicals,
we will help keep the Earth
clean.

52
7. Use less fuel

We must stop driving so
fast. If we drive at 55 miles
per hour, we use 15 per cent
less fuel than it we drive at
70 miles per hour. We also
need to look at new types of
fuel so that we use less oil.

Look!
We must Save the energy
We have to Save the energy
We should Save the energy

5.8 What can we do to help?
9:28 PM

A- Here are some sporting events that raised money for charity. W hat sort of
events were they?
1. A running race
2. A charity walk
3. A cycle race
4. A car race

B- Now read about another race and answer the questions below.
1. What's triathlon?
it’s a race which involves swimming, running and cycling.

2. Which charity gets money from the race?
he Rainforest Foundation.

Take part in a triathlon and raise money for the Rainforests Foundation
The London Triathlon is the largest triathlon event in
the world, and over 8,000 people are going to take part
53
this year. Around half the participants will be new to the

sport, so why don’t you apply to take part this summer
and help raise money for the Rainforests Foundation?
Please contact the team for more information..

6.1 signs
9:35 PM

A- Where can you see each of these signs?

1- Delays expected I. Beside a busy road or motorway
2- Beware of dogs Outside a house
3- Danger ! Falling rocks Reside a road —, e.g.. in a mountainous area
4- Danger ! Thin ice Near a lake or river
5- No ball games In a park
6- Don't feed the animals In a zoo or wildlife reserve

C- Read the conversations and check your answers.
Then decide which word is missing in each conversation.

hurt bitten wet stuck Lost

1
A: Let’s try and work across the Lake.
B: No way! Look at the sign. If the Ice breaks, all your clothes will get and
Mum will go crazy. The answer is sign number 4

2
A: Shalt we take this path7
A: No, It’s too dangerous. Look at the sign. If one of those rocks falls,
54
someone will get. The answer is sign number 3

3
A: If we go on walking. welt get . Let’s stop and ask somebody.
B: OK, Let’s ask the people In this house.
A: You must be joking! If we go in there, we’ve. get by that huge monster!
The answer is sign number 2

4
A: Let’s take the other rood.
B: Why? The way’s quicker.
A: But Look! There are road works. If we go this way, welt get in the traffic.
The answer is sign number 1

Look!
You can use get with lots of other words to talk about things that happen to
you.
You'll get wet.
We’ll get lost.

6.2 Actions and results
9:43 PM

A- Listen to Omar and Ali talking about going on holiday.
Omar: All, do you think we’ll be all right? lm a bit worried.
Ali: Don’t worry 0,n.,r. We’ll be fine.
Omar: But what will happen if we miss the train to the
airport?
Ali: It doesn't matter. There are lots of trains. If we miss
one, we’ll get the next one.
Omar: 0k, but when we arrive in Tunisia. we might not find
the hotel, If we don’t know the way, we might get lost.
Ali: Well take a taxi. It’s a big place. There will be taxis
everywhere.
Omar: Yes, but if we take a taxi. ،t might be really expensive.
55
Ali: Omar, stop worrying. We’ve got enough, money.

Omar: Mm,. I'm sorry. I’ve never been abroad before. I can’t
help worrying. Ali, what will happen if I lose my
passport ... or if my passport gets stolen? Then what
Will we do?
Ali: I’m sure you won't lose your passport. Omar. But if
you do. we’ll just go to the police station. Now stop
worrying. If ion keep asking questions. ، might go to
Tunisia with somebody else!

1. the train to the airport yes
2. how nice the hotel Is
3. getting Lost yes
4. the cost of taking a taxi yes
5. his passport is out of date
6. something might get damaged yes
7. finding the police station

Listen again. Make sentences from the conversation using the
prompts below. The teacher will stop the recording for you.

I. If / miss / one / we / get / next lone.
If we miss one, we’ll get the next me.

2. What / happen / if / I / Lose / passport?
What will happen if I lose my passport?

3. If / you / do / we / go / to / police station.
If you do, we’ll just go to the police station.

6.3 Possibilities
56

9:50 PM

A- Match the sentences o-e to the pictures 1—5.

a) If he goes into the field, the bull might chase him. [2]
b) If he walks under the ladder, the paint might fall. on his head.[4]
c) If they walk on the ice, it might break.[5]
d) If he leaves his suitcase there, the police might take it away.[3]
e) If she eats all that food, she might be sick.[1]

Look !
Conditional type 1 + might
You can use might in conditional type 1 if you are not sure about the result
If we take a taxi, it might be really expensive

B- Look at these situations and talk to a partner what might happen.

1. If the waiter walks down the stairs, he might drop the
tray and spill the drinks. Or: If the waiter isn't careful
he might drop the tray.

2. If the boys play football there, the ball might go in the
lake. Or: If the boys play football there, they might fall
in the water.

3. It the woman leaves the fish on the table, the cat might
eat it.

6.4 Shapes
9:55 PM

57
A- Look back at the signs in 6.1 on page 46. Can you find these shapes?
a square a circle a rectangle a triangle

Answers
a square — none
a circle — no ball games
a rectangle — delays expected, do not feed the animals signs
a triangle —danger, falling rocks, thin we and beware of dog signs

B- Practice saying the adjectives.
square circular rectangular triangular

C- Make sentences about the shapes.
1. A square has got four sides and four angles

Answers
2. A circle has got no sides and no angles.
3. A triangle has got three sides .and three angles.
4. A rectangle has got four sides and four angles.

D- These pictures are made up of shapes. Read the description for
picture 1. Then describe pictures 2 and 3 in the same way.

1. There is a Large square. The right half of the square Is black. The Left
half of it is white. Inside the square, there is o black rectangle. Inside
the rectangle, there Is a white circle. Inside the circle, there is a black
triangle. Inside the triangle, there is a small white circle.

2. There is a large square. The right hail of the square is
white. The left half of ،t is black. Inside the square.
there is a white rectangle. Inside the rectangle, there is a
white circle. Inside the circle, there is a black triangle.
inside the triangle there is a small white circle.

3. There is a white triangle. inside the triangle, there is a
black circle. Inside the circle, there is a white rectangle.
58
Inside the rectangle, there are two small black circles.

3.

6.5 Brain teasers
9:59 PM

A- Read this brain-teaser and answer the question. The picture will help.

Three people Live in these three flats,
Flat 53 has o yellow door
Ali Lives at Rot 51.
Ali Lives next door to Hassan.
Omar Lives next door to the flat with
the green door.
The doctor Lives at the flat with the
blue door.
The student Lives next door to the flat
with the yellow door.
Who is the teacher?

B- Look at this brain-teaser. Think about the questions you need
to find the solution.

A man Lives on the 20th floor of o toll
building. Every morning, he gets into
the Lift and presses the button for the
ground floor. He gets out and goes to
work. When he comes home, he gets
Into the Lift and presses the button for
the 1O’ floor. He gets out and then
walks up the stairs to his flat. Why
59
does he do this?

Look !!!
will - won’t
If you try to guess the reason, you won't t solve the problem.

6.6 Survival
10:03 PM

B- Read the situation below and decide whether you should stay by
the plane or try to walk to the town.

Survival
Your small plan. has crashed in the desert
and the pilot is dead. You are with three
other passenger.. Nobody is badly hurt.
There is now only the frame of the plane.
Before the crash, the pilot had no tine
to radio for help so nobody know, where
you are. The plan flew off course before
the crash, but you think you are 120 km
from the nearest town. Around you there
ii only sand and a few cactus plants. The
Temperature will he around 40C during the
day. You are all wearing casual cloth...
Defer. the plane burnt, you collected
eleven thing. that night help you .survive
1- A torch
2- a penknife
3- a map of the area
4- two liters of water for each person
5- a compass
6- a red and white parachute
7- A pistol and six bullets
60
8- a book about animals that you can eat

9- A pair of sunglasses for each person
10- a heavy coat for each person
11- A cosmetic mirror.

D- talk in groups of four. Compare your idea and decide which things are most
important. Explain your choices like this.

Example : if we put the parachute over the frame of the plane, somebody will
see us.

1. Map of the area — If we have a map of the area, we can
work out the route to the town and go and find help.

2. Water — If we don't have water, we won’t survive for more
than a couple of days.

3. Compass — If we have a compass, we will be able to find
the nearest town. 11 we don’t have a compass. we can’t
find our way in the desert and the map will be useless.

4. Parachute — If we put the parachute over the frame of the
plane, it will give us shade, It will also keep us warm at
night.

5. Sunglasses — ،f we wear the sunglasses, our eyes won’t get
damaged b)’ being in the sun all day.

6. Coats — II we each have a coat, we will be able to keep
warm at night.

7. Mirror — If we point the mirror so that the sun reflects on
it, we will make a signal that planes can see. We can use
the mirror to make fire to keep us warm.

6.7-6.8 Yi the Archer and the ten suns
61

11:09 PM

B- Read the first three paragraphs of the story
Many, many years ago in China, ten bright
suns Lived together in the boiling Eastern
Sea. They sot like birds on the branches of
a huge tree which grew up from the water.
Every night, o different sun sat on the
highest branch, and when morning come, It
rose into the sky.
In this way, the suns gave Light and Life to
the Earth. All the suns looked the same,
so people didn’t know that there were ten
of them. They thought there was only one.
One night, the suns were talking together.
None of them were happy. They were
lonely when they were in the sky and felt
bored when they were waiting on the tree.
The suns talked all night and decided that
the next day they should rise together.
When morning come, ten bright suns
appeared together in the sky.

C- Talk to a partner. What will happen to the earth and its people with ten
suns in the sky ?

1. The Earth will be covered in desert.
2. Plants and animals will die.
3. People’s cattle and crops will die and they will have nothing to cat.
4. The rivers and seas will dry up and there will be nothing to drink.

D- Read the next three paragraphs and see If you were right.
Every day after that, the suns rose together. They were happy, but
terrible things began to happen on Earth. Rivers dried up. plants and
crops died, and the land become burnt and block. People had nothing to
eat or drink.
The king of China watched all this and was very worried. One day, o
62
man came to the palace. His name was Yi the Archer. Yi told the king
that he could solve the problem.
He could destroy the suns with his bow and arrow. The king was happy,
but he told Yi not to destroy the suns —just to give them a warning.
y, agreed. He took his bow and ten arrows and walked to o Large
open field. As he walked, he saw what was happening to Earth and
he became more and more furious. He decided that a warning wasn’t
enough. He wanted to destroy the suns one by one.

F- Read the end of the myth and decide which phrase is missing in each
paragraph.

Sent arrows up 2
Stay in the sky 4
Prepared to shoot the final arrow 3
Hit the center 1

Yi put the first arrow into his bow. Ho shot the arrow up and 1 ……………..
of the first sun. The sun opened and bright Light and feathers filled the sky.
Then the sun fell to Earth and turned into a great black bird with three Legs.
Again and again. Yi 2 ……………….. and the sky shone with
bright light and golden feathers. Finally, there was just one sun left in the
sky and nine black birds with three Legs on Earth.
As the king watched whet was happening. he remembered how wonderful.
life had been with just one bright yellow sun. As Yi 3 ………………………. , the king
took it from him the final sun 4 ……………………… the and once again gave life to
earth and its people.

7.1 home life and working life
11:32 PM

B- Write the correct Letter in the box to show whether each item
63
Laptop computer B
mobile phone B
Dishwasher H
air conditioning B
MP3 player B
Microwave oven H
photocopier W
video camera B
the internet email B
satellite TV H
freezer H
Digital camera B
DVD player H

C- Talk to a partner about technological advances. Use some if the phrases
below.

1. laptop computer: it means you can use a computer in different places.
2. mobile phone: it makes life much easier because you can call anyone,
anywhere.
3. dishwasher: it saves time because you don’t have to wash the dishes by
hand.
air conditioning: it means you can keep cool in hot weather.
4. MP3 player: it’s useful if you want to listen to music when you are away
from home.
5. microwave oven: it saves time on cooking.
6. photocopier: it means you can copy documents.
7. video camera: it’s useful if you want a record of something.
8. the Internet le-mail: it’s useful if you want to contact people or find
information.
64
9. satellite TV: it means you can watch lots of different television channels.
10.freezer: it allows you to keep food for a long time. it’s useful if you don’t
want to buy
11.film for your camera. it means you can watch TV
12.programmers and films whenever you want.

7.2 My technology
Wednesday, January 30, 2019
8:11 PM

A- Listen to these people talking about technological advances from the
previous page. Which advance does each speaker talk about?

1. Ibrahim: I think nearly everyone has one these days. I
Can't imagine life without one now. I can call the
office from my car or as I’m walking down the street
to work. When I’m away on business I can keep in
touch with people at work and with my wife. My
daughter has one too and I feel much better knowmg
that she can call us anytime if she is in danger or ,ieeds
our help. .‫ا‬omethnes my wife calls me from the
supermarket to tell me what we are having for dinner!
Of course, the bills can be high. especially if I make
calls when I’m abroad, but it’s definitely worth it
because it’s so convenient.

2. Laila: I think they have both advantages and
disadvantages. Of course, they’re yen’ convenient if
you wait: to warm up some food that you cooked the
day before, or if you are very busy and you just want a
quick ready-made meal. I must admit. I often use mine
just to heat up my coffee when I’m too busy to drink
it! However if you use one all the time it’s not
healthy. Young people eat far too much junk food
when time y are out and so when they are at home, they
should eat a proper meal that ihir mot her has cooked
65
for them. Personally, I think a lot of technology makes

life easier but not necessarily better.

3. Tarek: Having one of these is just brilliant. I can
download music from my computer and get my
friends to copy stuff for me - it's cheaper than buying
CDs. I can listen to my favorite tracks on the bus to
school, when l with mum and dad a long boring
car journey or even if I'm just walking in the street.
Music should be throw away — if I get board of a song,
I can just delete it and record something new. I don t
want loads of records and CDs cluttering up my
Bedroom.

B- Listen again and answer the questions.

1. Who doesn't think that technological advances is all good?
Laila - she thinks technology makes things easier but not
necessarily better. e.g., healthier.

2. Who is worried that technology will change in the future?
Hala - she says: I hope they can still play DVDs in
thirty years.

3. Who talks about saving money?
Tarek - he says MP3 players are cheaper than CDs

4. Who says that something can be expensive?
Ibrahim - he says that mobile phone bills can be high.

Look!
We sometimes use one as a pronoun instead of repeating the noun.
We bought one of these last year.
My sister has one too.

7.3 Mousa's busy day
66
11:42 PM

A- Discuss with your partner. Answer these questions.
1. Do you send and receive e-mails?
2. Has e-mail Improved the way people work, or are there some disadvantages?

Possible answers
I. Answers depend on students.
2. E-mails are a quick and easy way to communicate hut
disadvantages arc that they rely on a good Internet
connection, they rake up a lot of time and people
receive a lot of unwanted or ‘junk’ e-mail.

B- Listen to Mousa talking to Ali at his office. Write T (true) or F (false).

I. Mousa knows the time of the meeting with Mr Abdullah.[F]
2. Mousa needs to read o report before the meeting. [F]
3. Mousa doesn’t know where he’s having lunch. [T]
4. The factory manager wants to see Mousa. [T]
5. Mousa Likes dealing with e-mails. [F]
6. Mousa is pleased that his wife has phoned. [F]

Tapescnpt CS2 I
Announcer: Cassette section 21:

Mousa: Good morning. Ale.
Ah: Good morning. Mr al-Salam.
Mousa: Can you remind me what I have to do today.
I think there’s a lot on.
Ah; Well, the most important things in the meeting
with Mr. Abdullah. That was going to be at
eleven hut be ‘s busy and it might have to he a
bi t later. He’s going to e-mail you when he
knows what time he ‘Il be free.
Mousa: Oh, dear! Why can’t be just phone me? I spend all day answering e-
mails. What else is there?
67
All: Well, you’ll have to read Mr Abdullah’s report

before the meeting.
Mousa: actually I have already done that. I read it at
home last night. I knew I might not get time
today.
Ah: Oh, good. Anyway, after that you’re hazing
lunch with Mr Salem but he hasn't decided
where yet.
Mousa; I suppose he’s going to e-mail me!
Ah; No, don’t worry. His secretary is going to
phone in the next half an hour. Then after
lunch, you need to go to the factory. The
manager has a few problems he’d like to talk
to you about.
Mousa; Is that all?
Ah: Well — yes, - but I’ve checked your
computer. There are about thirty e-mails that
need answering.
Mousa: Oh no. ...and how many of them will be
about something is important.
Ali: Oh, I nearly forgot. Can you phone your
wife? She’s just phoned ... apparently the air
Conditioning at home isn't working.
Mousa: Oh no, that’s all I need!

Look !
We often use the present perfect with yet, already and just.
Yet is used in negative and question forms at the end of the sentence.
He hasn’t decided where yet. I Do you know where yet?
Already is used when something is done and so you don’t need to do
it. or if something is done sooner than you expected.
I’ve already read the report.
Just Is used when something was done a very short time ago.
She’s Just phoned.
..

68
7.4 Smart homes

11:47 PM

B- Read the text and decide where the key phrases belong in the text.
In the kitchen 3
The system could even be connected to other buildings 4
In the homes of the future 1
When you ore out of the house 2

Soon, many people will Live In
houses that are very different from
the houses we Live in now. At the
moment, the computerized systems
In our homes Like Lighting, heating
and fire alarms run independently
from one another 1 …………………. , the systems
will be connected and will be able
to pass information between them.
For example, the security alarm will
be able to turn the lights on or off.
,2 ………………, you will be able to turn
up the heating or air conditioning
so that the house is In the right
temperature when you return. You
will be able to open and close
blinds and shutters and turn on the
lights so that people think you are
at home. The system will call you
on your mobile to tell, you that you
hove had a vls4tor or received mail,
and you will be able to Let visitors
into your house if you want to.
3
……………….there will be changes, too. You
will be able to turn your cooker or
69
microwave on and off as you are

walking home. Your fridge wilt tell
you when food Is out of date and If
you need to go and buy more basic
products like milk or eggs.
4
………………..The security system could
be connected to the police station
so that it alerts the police if you
hove an intruder. The fridge could
be Linked to the local supermarket
so that it can order products. which
will be waiting for you when you
get home.

Look!!
We use the phrase verbs turn on/turn off and switch
on/switch off when we talk about starting and
stopping machines.
Turn on the Lights.
We use the phrasal verbs turn up/down when we talk
about increasing and decreasing heat, volume, etc.
Turn up the heating.
.

7.5 The space age
Sunday, January 27, 2019
11:14 AM

A- What do you know about the Space Age? Working in a group, Look at the
pictures and circle the correct answers. Take a guess if you don’t know?

1. The Space Age began in the 1950s / 1960s.
2. Sputnik 1 was a rocket / a satellite.
3. The first animal In space was a monkey / a dog.
4. Yuri Gagarin was an astronaut / a scientist.
5. A person walked in space for the first time in 1965 / 1969.
70

B- You will hear a guide at museum talking about the start of space Age.

Good morning and welcome to the space museum. Please
come this way. The Space Age really began on the 4th of
October 1957 when Russia launched Sputnik 1. This was
the world’s first satellite and it remained in space for 92
days. The first animal in space was a dog called Laika. It
was blasted into space later in the same year in Sputnik 2.
Unfortunately, the dog died hut in 1960 two more dogs
returned alive from similar missions. The first space flight
with a person on hoard was on the 12th of April 1961.
Yuri Gagarin travelled round the Earth once in Russia’s
Vostok 1 spacecraft. 1-Ic proved that people could travel
safely into space and back again. The first person to walk
in space was Alexei Leonov. On March the 18th 1965, he
left his spacecraft and stayed outside (or 24 minutes. Now
I’m going to go on to talk about ..

C- Listen again. Then talk to a partner and make a sentence about each of the
following.

1. 92 days: the first satellite remained in space for 92 days.
2. Laika: Laika was the first animal in space.
3. 1960: Two more dogs came back from space missions (flights).
4. Vostok 1: Vostok 1 was the first spacecraft to travel round the earth with a
person on board or Vostok 1 was Yori Gagarins spacecraft.
5. Alexei Leonov: Alexei Leonov was the first man to walk to space.
6. 24 minutes: Leonov stayed outside his spacecraft fur 24 minutes.

7.6 Shape at things to come
11:18 AM

A- Look at these predictions. Write the correct Letter in the box to
show whether you think this is already beginning to happen (A),
will happen soon (S) or will never happen (D).
71

1. There will be no more teachers. Children will
study at home on computers. [S]

2. People will, stop going to shops. They will. order
everything over the Internet. [A]

3. Life expectancy will, be higher. It will be normal
for people to Live until they are 150 yea’s old
or more. [D]

4. Robots will, do most jobs around the house and
will serve people In restaurants. [A]

5. Computers will. be small. enough to hold in your
hand or wear like a watch. [A]

6. Most people will be able to travel in space and
some people will live there. [D]

7. People wilt take pills so that they don’t waste
time preparing and cooking food. [D]

8. The richest people will. Live cities underground
where they are protected from the sun. [D]

9. People wilt stop watching TV. Instead, they will.
play computer games that are exactly Like real life [A]

10. Computers will become cleverer thon people
and will take over the world. [D]

B- Talk to a partner about the predications in Exercise A. Compare your ideas.

1. A robot is a machine that looks like a person and does jobs that people don’t
want to do.
2. Do you think scientists will develop a pill to stop people getting old
3. In richer countries life expectancy is much higher than it was fifty years ago.
72
4. Nowadays, some people do most of their shopping on

the Internet.
5. In the future, more people will travel in
6. Scientists are learning more about planets in our solar
system such as Mars and Saturn.

Look !
As well as wilt, won’t and might, we con use a number
of adjectives with an infinitive to make predictions.
This is sure/certain/bound to happen soon.
I don’t think this Is likely to happen.
This is very unlikely to happen in or Life
But NOT This is possible to happen.
.

7.7-7.8 Visions of the future
11:28 AM

A- Look at the pictures of two buildings of the future and answer the
questions.
1. What is modern and unusual about these places?
2. Where do you think they are?
3. Which one would you like to visit when It Is finished?

B- Decide which sentences describe each picture. Make sure you understand
the words in bold.
1. There will be 220 hotel rooms 20 meters below the surface of the B
water.
2. On the roofs, there will be fabric in different colors that wilt change A
sunlight to electricity.
3. There will be canals along the side of every street. A
4. Different parts of the building will be linked by transparent tunnels. B
73
5. There will be huge mirrors and wind turbines outside the city. A
6. It wilt have sections that ore shaped like a wave, a Jellyfish and B
rooms bubbles

C- Work with a partner. Tell him/her about your text and listen to what
he/she says about his/her text.
Student A will read text A about Masdar City.
Student B will read text B about the Hydropolis Hotel.

Abu Dhabi's
Green city

Text 1

In Dubai they are building a modern city
of concrete. steel and glass which uses huge
amounts of conventional energy for its air
conditioning. In neighboring Abu Dhabi,
however, planners are thinking differently. They
are building a green city that uses the desert Min
to produce electricity
and canals to keep
people cool.
The tiny emirate
is one of the
world’s largest
oil producers but
the new City, called
Masdar City, will not
need any oil. People will walk or ride bicycles
and there will be no need for cars.
The streets of Masdar City will have souks and
medinas like any other Arabian city, but fabric
in different colors on the roof will convert
sunlight to electricity. There will be canals
along the side of every street. and they will help
to cool the air. Outside the city, there will be
74
huge mirrors that reflect the sun and produce

more electricity and wind turbines that catch
the Gulf wind.
The government is working with Sir Norman
Foster, one of the greatest living architects. He
is also working on a plan to take water from
the Red Sea to the Dead Sea and has designed a
futuristic airport in China’s capital. Beijing.

Text 2

The hotel
Under the sea
visiting to the
Middle East will be
sleeping somewhere
new and exciting.
In Jebel Ali, the
capital of Dubai.
there are plans to
build the world’s
first underwater
hotel.
The Hydro polis Hotel
will cost $500m to build, and
staying for the night will cost around $3,000
per person. There will be 220 hotel rooms 20
meters below the surface of the water.
Part of the hotel will be above the water and
will be shaped like a huge wave. The larger
part will be under the sea and will look like a
jellyfish. The building will be constructed with
conventional material like concrete and steel,
but also with a material called acrylic glass.
Transparent tunnels will connect parts of the
hotel and will carry visitors in trains under the
sea. The rooms inside the hotel will be shaped
Like huge bubbles.
75
The architect of the project is the German.

Joachim Hauser. He believes that people all
over the world will he excited by the new hotel
and that the building will begin a new era in
the history of architecture.

8.1 The human body
11:54 AM

A- Match the words o—t to the pictures. Practice saying the words.
One has on Irregular plural — what Is the plural form?
a. Head
b. neck
c. ankle
d. foot
e. Hand
f. ear
g. elbow
h. Chest
i. Shoulder
j. Thumb
k. Forehead
l. Finger
m. Leg
n. Mouth
o. arm
p. nose
q. Eye
r. Toe
s. Hair
t. knee

B- Match the words a—f to the pictures. Practice saying the words.
a) heart
76
b) brain d) bone
c) blood
d. bone
e) stomach
f) Lungs

8.2 Injuries
12:04 PM

A- Match the Injuries a-h to the pictures 1—8.

a) He’s hurt his bock.[2]
b) She’s broken her arm.[4]
c) She’s burnt her hand.[5]
d) He's twisted his ankle.[3]
e) He’s grazed his knee.[1]
f) She’s cut her finger.[8]
g) He’s bruised his Leg.[7]
h) She’s banged her head.[6]

8.3 What happen?
12:08 PM

A- Look at the pictures and match the sentences 1-5 to the missing parts of
the descriptions a - e.

1. Hassan was playing when he fell on the fire. [D]
2. Khaled banged his arm on the table when he answered the phone. [A]
3. Ibrahim was in the kitchen when he slipped on the wet floor [B]
4. Mustafa was hit in the face by o football. [C]
5. Tarek was helping his father In the garden. [E]

77
a) Now he has o bad brine on his elbow.

b) He felt over arid twisted his ankle.
c) It broke his nose and he had to go to hospital.
d) He had to go to hospital because he burnt his foot.
e) He was stung on the ear by o bee.

Look!
Using the passive with by
The post simple passive Is used to talk about
accidents. If we want to say who or what did
the action, we use by.
Tarek was stung on the ear by a bee.
Mustafa was t by o football.

8.5 First aid
4:15 PM

A- Do you know how to give first old? Answer these questions with a partner.

1. What should you do when someone has a bad cut?
1. You should stop the bleeding / put on a bandage.

2. What should you do when someone breaks an arm or a leg?
2. You should call an ambulance / you shouldn’t move the patient.

3. What should you do when someone has a bad burn?
3. You should put water on it I call an ambulance / cover the patient.

B- Read these extracts from a first aid book and match the pictures
to the new words.

Minor cuts
First you need to dean the cut. Tell the patient to
hold it under water for about a minute.
Then dry it carefully and put on some antiseptic
78
cream. Then put on a plaster.

Serious burns
Put on a bandage, but don’t make It too tight. Then
take the patient to hospital or call an ambulance.

Answers:
1: plaster, 2: bandage. 3: ambulance, 4: antiseptic cream

C- Read these extracts from the soma book and match them with
the headings in the box.

minor burns poisoning broken bones sunstroke

1. Tell the patient to hold it under cold running water for about ten minutes.
You don’t need to put anything on it. DO NOT put oil or butter on it.
[minor burns]

2. Tell the patient not to move. This is very important. Then call an
ambulance.
[broken bones]

3. Wrap the patient in a cool, wet sheet. Then phone for an ambulance as
soon as you can. [sunstroke]

4. Give the patient water or milk to drink. DO NOT let them be sick. Call an
ambulance and take some of what the patient has eaten or drunk with
you. The doctors will want to know what it is. [poisoning]

Look !
The imperative
Remember to use the Imperative for Instructions and warnings.
Then call an ambulance.
Do not Let them be sick.
79

8.6 Mustafa saves the day
4:24 PM

A- Mustafa is talking about an experience he has had. Listen and put the
pictures tin the correct order.

I was standing by the traffic lights at the time. I was
waiting for them to change so that I could cross over
and go to the bank. Anyway, the lights hadn’t changed
but a man just stepped out into the road. He wasn’t
looking at all and he was knocked down by a car. it
wasn’t the driver’s fault — there was no way be could
stop.
Anyway, the ear stopped and the driver, looking very
worried, got out. The other man was lying in the road

He wasn't moving at all. The driver wanted to take the man in the road to
hospital in his car but I told him not to — if somebody is in a car accident, you
.shouldn’t move them, should you? I told the driver to
phone for an ambulance while I covered the victim
with my jacket. I know that it’s best to keep people
warm in that kind of situation.

The ambulance came after about ten minutes and the victim was taken to
hospital. The driver of the car wanted to go with him in the ambulance but then
the
police arrived. They wanted to ask a few questions.
They spoke to me as well and I told them that
wasn‘t the driver‘s fault.

After that. I moved the driver’s car out of the middle of
the road and parked it up the road. The driver was too
worried about what had happened. .Anyway, later
somebody phoned me to say that the man was all right.
80

B- Listen again and circle the correct answer.

1. When the occident happened. Mustafa was ...
a) In the bank b) by the side of the rood c) driving a car

2. The occident happened because ...
a) there was a problem with the traffic Lights b) a man walked into the rood
c) someone was driving too fast

3. The man driving the car ...
a) took the Injured man to hospital b) drove away c) Listened to Mustafa

4. When the police arrived, they ...
a) wanted to ask some questions b) moved the driver's car
c) put o jacket over the Injured man

8.7-8.8 The heroes
4:29 PM

A- You WILL read three newspaper stories about people saving
someone’s Life. Match the headlines 1—3 to the introductions a—c.

1. Sunstroke victim saved by nephew
2. Man in wheelchair saved from fire
3. Boy pulled from lake

a- 7 4-YEAR -OLD HASAN
AL-SHERIF was moved
from a burning house yesterday.
He can thank the quick thinking
81
of 15-year-old All Mansur for

his life. [B]

b- T HE FIRST AID SKILLS of Ahmed Shukri
probably saved his uncle’s life at the weekend. [A]

c- T HANKS TO OMAR AL-HAJ,
12-year-old Khaled Sultan Is safe
and well at home with his parents.
Yesterday afternoon. Khaled was playing with some friends [C]
B- Look at these six key words and phrases and make sure
you understand them. Decide which story they are from.
There are three for each story.
shivering drowning flames not midday
violently breathing heat
Smoke good swimmer electric heater panicked

D- Read the stories. How many of your questions from Workbook page 73
are answered?

a
T HE FIRST AH) SKILLS of Ahmed Shukri
probably saved his uncle’s life at the weekend.
Ahmed had been on the beach all day with his family, including his
50-year-old uncle, Said. Most of the family went back to their hotel
for lunch. but Said stayed out in the midday heat. Later that evening,
back at the hotel, he said that he felt very sick. He lay on his bed
and began shivering violently. The rest of the family panicked, but
Ahmed knew what to do. He took a sheet from another bed and ran
It under cold water. Then he wrapped his uncle in it and called loran
ambulance. Doctors said that Ahmed was a very sensible young man.

b
7 4.YFAR.OLD HASAN
AL-SHI KIF was saved
from a burning house yesterday.
82
He can thank (he quick thinking

15-year-oId Ah Mansur of his life.
Ali was walking home past Mr.
al-Sherif's house when he heard
someone shouting for help. All
climbed through an open window
and threw water onto flames in
the living room. Mr. al-Sherif's
in a wheelchair and he was alone
when the fire started. He suffered
minor burns and breathed in a
small amount of smoke. All gave
him first aid and then called for an
ambulance. Firemen think an old
electric healer started the fire.
E Close your book. Tell
your partner one of the
stories. You don’t need
to remember the story
exactly. Use your own
words.

c
T HANKS TO OMAR AL-HA.J,
12-year-old Khaled Sultan Is safe
and well at home with his parents.
Yesterday afternoon, Khaled was playing with some
friends in the park when he fell into a lake. Khaled
is not a good swimmer, so his friends shouted fur
help. One boy used his mobile to phone for an
ambulance. Mr. al-Haj was having a picnic with his
wife and children when he heard the shouts and
realized that Khaled was drowning.
he ran to the lake, jumped in and pulled the boy
w safety. Khaled was not breathing, so Mr. al-Haj
gave him first aid. The ambulance arrived wan
after. One ambulance man told us, ‘Omar, al-Haj did
83
a fantastic job. All children should learn to swim.

There isn’t always someone there to help!

9.1 A healthy diet
4:41 PM

A- Match the words and phrases a—p to the pictures 1—16.
a) fresh fish 15
b) shellfish 1
c) fast food 5
d) sweets, biscuits and cakes 14
e) red meat 6
f) fresh vegetables 16
g) fresh fruit 8
h) cereal 11
l) salad 7
j) tinned food 9
k) dairy products 2
L) olive oil 10
m) white bread 13
n) brown bread 4
o) rice and pasta 3
p) fizzy drinks 12

Look !
84
These cakes and biscuits are too sweet!

The salad is very healthy!

9.2 Countable and uncountable
4:59 PM

A- Read some sentences about what people eat and drink.
Which sentences are true for you?

1. I should eat more fruit and drink
more water during the day.[T]

2. I should eat more vegetables,
Less chocolate and fewer cakes.
I should definitely drink Less coffee.[T]

3. I drink a lot of fizzy drinks and
I know they’re not good for me.
I eat o Lot of fruit, though, and I
know that’s good for me.[T]

4. I don’t eat enough salad or
eno4i fresh vegetables, and I
probably eat too many biscuits.[F]

5. I guess I eat too much fast food.
It’s easy to stop for a burger or
a kebab.[F]

6. I try to eat fruit every day.
perhaps an apple or a few grapes [T]

7. I try not to eat too much sugar.
but I hove o Little in my coffee. [F]

8. I try to eat plenty of fresh fish
85
and seafood rather thon red meat,

and plenty of carrots because
they are good for my eyes. [T]

9.3 Do you eat well?
5:08 PM

A- Check the words and phrases in bold in these sentences.
Write T (true) or F (False).

1. If you are not keen on something, [T] True
you don’t Like it.
2. If you can't resist something, you [F] you really want to eat it you
don’t eat it. can’t stop yourself
from eating it
3. If food is tried or roast, ft is cooked [T] True
with oil.
4. If food is delicious, It doesn’t taste [F] it tastes great
very good.
5. If you grab something to eat, you [F] you take very little time to eat it
take a Lot of time to eat It.

B- What are the people doing In the pictures?

1. Andrew: He is looking at a pan with sprouts and saying ‘yuck!’. He is not
keen on sprouts.
2. Sara: She is raking a piece of some chocolate cake. She can’t resist
chocolate cake.
3. Ahmed: He is about to cat dinner. He likes roast chicken and chips.
4. Alison: She is holding her baby in one arm. She is grabbing something to
cat.

86
C- Listen to the people in the pictures talking about their eating habits.
Who is described in each of the sentences below?

1 - Andrew
I've just started university in a city away front my parents
and I have just moved into my own flat. I must admit I'm not keen on cooking
I buy a lot of ready-to-cook meals
from the supermarket and beat them up in the microwave
and ، eat too much fast food. I often stop un the way
home for a burger or a kebab and lunch, is often just
sandwich. I do try to ear plenty of fruit, though. I usually
have apples, oranges. bananas and a box of dates at home.

2 - Sara
I think I eat very healthily really. I always have fruit or
yoghurt for breakfast and 1 eat plenty of fresh vegetables,
which I often eat raw. I ear chicken but I don't eat very
much red meat — perhaps an occasional piece of lamb. 1
drink lots of water during the day and if I drink tea or
coffee, I drink it without milk. One thing I can’t resist is
chocolate cake. though. If there’s chocolate cake’ around, I
just have to have a piece.

3 - Ahmed
Well, of course my mum does all the cooking and she tries
to make me eat what’s good for me. She makes lots of
salad, which I don’t really like and she makes me finish my
vegetables before I can go back to my computer games or
out to play. I prefer food which ،s fried or roast — you
know, lamb or chicken with chips or roast potatoes. One
Thing I really like is COUSCOUS. My mum makes it with
lamb and olives or dates It’s delicious.

3 - Alison
The problem I have with two small children is that I spend
so much time looking after them that I never get time to
Feed my self. I usually grab a coffee and a piece of toast in
the morning but then don ‘t eat again all day. Sometimes it
87
gets to five o'clock in the afternoon and I realise that I’m

starving. After the children go to bed. I sometimes eat too
much and then ،I can’t sleep properly. I know you
shouldn't eat a lot just before you go to bed.

1. Alison is too busy to eat when he/she wants to.
2. Andrew doesn't enjoy cooking.
3. Sara seems to have a very healthy diet.
4. Alison is often very hungry.
5. Ahmed often eats what he/she doesn’t really Like.
6. Sara can’t say no to something that Is sweet.
7. Alison often eats Late at night.
8. Ahmed redly Likes one thing that somebody else makes for him/her.
9. Andrew often eats something out of his/her home.

Look!
We can odd emphasis Like this.
I Like couscous.
One thing I really like. as couscous.
It is stronger than simply I really Like couscous.

9.4 Keeping fit
5:13 PM

B- Look at these activities and mark them (I) it really keeps you
fit, (2) It’s quite good for keeping you fit or (3) It doesn’t keep
you fit at all. Then compare your ideas with other students.

watching TV 3
walking to school 2
riding a bike 1
doing aerobics 2
playing computer games 3
88
Jogging 1
Fishing 3
playing football .1
rock climbing 1
Dicing 2
playing pool 3
Gardening 2
Swimming 1
Skateboarding 2
playing tennis or squash 1

C- Talk to a partner about how often you do some of the activities.
Use some of the phrases below when you are talking.

I rarely play tennis.
I occasionally play football.
I play computer games every day.
I go windsurfing whenever I can.
I do aerobics twice a week.
I usually walk to school
I often go swimming

9.5 Exercising
5:20 PM

A- Match the pictures to the Instructions.

a) Face the ground with your body straight and only your
hands and feet touching the floor. Your arms should be
straight and apart a little wider than the width of your
shoulders. Lower your body by bending your arms until
89
your chest is nearly touching the floor. Then raise

your body by straightening your arms and pause for a
second before you repeat the action.

b) Lie on your back with your feet flat on the floor. Bring
your feet closer to your body so that your knees are off
the ground. Put your hands either side of your head.
Slowly lift your upper body off the ground and touch
your legs with your elbows.

c) Stand straight, bend your knees and put your hands
on the floor. Then kick your Legs back so that you are
straight, with only your hands and feet touching the
floor. Bring your knees back in and stand up again.
Repeat the movement twenty or thirty times.

d) You will need a bar about half a meter above your head.
Grip the bar and pull your body up until your chin is
resting on the bar. You can move your hands so that
they are closer together or wider apart as this will
exercise different muscles.

B Find these verbs in the instructions. Show a partner what they mean.
tower kick bend grip raise straighten

Lower Kick Bend Grip Raise Straighten

9.6 A health survey
Monday, January 28, 2019
5:11 PM

A- Read the questions in the survey. Choose an answer: A, B or C.
Then read about your answers

1. My favorite food Is ...
90
1. meat with chips or roast potatoes.

2. rice or couscous.
3. fruit or salad.

2. When I’m at school, I usually drink ...
A. fizzy drinks.
B. tea or coffee.
C. water.

3. I eat sweets or chocolate. ...
A. every day.
B. sometimes.
C. very rarely.

D. In my the time, I usually ...
A. watch TV or play computer games.
B. socialize with my friends.
C. Play a sport,

5. If I go somewhere a kilometer or two from my house, I ...
A. take the bus.
B. Walk
C. Rid my bike.

F. Someone asks you to run In a marathon. What do you say?
A. No way! I cant do It.
B. I might do it.
C. Yes. Id love to do It.

9.7-9.8 The history of medicine
5:19 PM

B- Read the text and match the words and phrases in bold with the
pictures on page 76.

HUMANS HAVE ALWAYS TRIED 10
91
treat and cure Illness. In ancient times,

people made natural medicine from ‘herbs
and plants such as beans and dates. The first
doctors in Egypt. Greece and Rome wrote
recipes for medicines and texts about their
discovers. They used 1bronze and copper
knives to operate on their patients
Arab medicine was famous for its
natural recipes. These recipes were prepared red
with a ‘pestle and mortar. Over the years.
medicine changed. Chemicals were added
and they became easier and safer to take.
In the 14e’ century, there was a new
interest in medicine. Doctors began to take
temperatures and listen to sounds inside the
body In the 19” century, the 4nslcraecope was
invented and doctors could study body cells.
In 11146, the first anesthetic was used.
New operations could be performed and
patients were not in so much pain.
In l95 ‘X-rays were discovered and
doctors could look inside the body and
understand what was wrong before they
operated.
In 1928, the Scottish scientist, Alexander
Fleming, discovered ‘penicillin. This new
medicine stopped infection and saved
millions of lives.
In the second half of the 2O’ century
there were advances in transplant surgery
first successful heart transplant
was performed in 196Z 1 kart and liver
transplants are now common, and more
recently hand and face transplants have
been performed.
Today doctors know more about how
our diet affects our health and how we
inherit conditions from our parents. They
92
are trying to learn more about our ‘genes

and how our DNA shapes who we are. They
hope to find a cure for cancer and l-11V. Who
knows what advances will be made in the
next hundred years?

Look ! Other passive forms
The passive is used a Lot in more formal texts like this one.
New operations could be performed ...
Hand and face transplants have been performed ...
... who knows what advances will be mode …

10.1 Places and products
Friday, February 01, 2019
10:13 PM

A- Talk to a partner. What materials are these things usually made of? There's
often more than one answer

Shoes Cars Building Boxes Bottles Shirts Jumpers

Example :

Shoes are usually made of leather, but some are made of plastic. Some are
made of textiles or fabric.

Sample answers
Cars are usually made of metal hut also use some plastic and glass.
Fabric is used on the inside of the car.
Building are usually made of brick, concrete and stone. Glass, metal and
wood can also be used,
Boxes are usually made of cardboard or wood but some are made of
plastic.
93
Bottles are usually either glass or plastic.

Shirts are usually made of fabric or textile.
jumpers are usually made of wool or another textile.

B- Look at the map of Europe. Talk to a partner about the products using the
present simple passive. Use the verbs in the box.

Manufactured Mined Grown Produced

Example :
Cheese is produced in France.
Coal is mined in Eastern Europe — Poland and the Ukraine.

Sample answers

Watches are manufactured in Switzerland,
Oranges arc grown in Spain.
Grapes are grown in Spain, France and Italy.
Cars are manufactured in Germany.
Apples and pears are grown in England.

10.2 Landmarks
5:49 PM

B- Choose the correct endings for the sentences. Guess the answers if you
don’t know then.

1. The people were able to live in this desert city because they had gold /
understood how to control water.
2. When the Romans ruled the Middle East. the city declined / became richer.
3. Ports of the city were destroyed by a flood / on earthquake.
4. Its treasures were stolen by thieves / taken to museums.
5. People in the West discovered the city in the 19th / 20th century.
94

C- Read the text to see if you were correct.
THE ANCIENT CITY OF Petra in Jordan is one of the finest monuments in the
Middle East. The city, which is was carved into the rock more than 2,000 years
ago, is visited by around 30,000 tourists every month. It is in the southwest of
Jordan, in the mountains between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.
Archaeologists believe that the people of Petra were able w live in the desert
city because they understood how w control water. The area was often
flooded, and the people bulk dams and canals and created something like an
artificial oasis. They were able to store water for long periods when there was
no rain and perhaps even sold it to people in other towns and villages. During
the time that the Middle East was under Roman rule. Petra declined, and in 565
many parts of the city were destroyed by an earthquake. A.s the years passed.
the buildings became weak and many treasures were stolen by thieves. Most of
them were never recovered.
People in the West knew very little about the city until 1812. when It was
discovered by a Swiss explorer. Recently, more and more people have wanted
to .is it the site, and in 2006 a visitors’ center was built at the entrance to the
city. it is expected that the city will become even more popular as tourists from
all parts of the world arrive on package holidays.

10.3 Achievements
5:56 PM

A- Match the phrases a—h with the pictures 1—12.
a) play squash [9] b) win o race [11] c) ride a horse [7]
e) steep in a sleeping bog f) go snowboarding [1] g) wear a helmet [2]
[3]
d) catch a fish [10] h) climb a mountain [4] I) shoot a rabbit [6]
j) do a bungee jump [8] k) go waterskiing [12] L) see a Live football
[5]

B- Talk to a partner. Ask questions and develop conversations about the
95
achievements In Exercise A. Look at these example's. Check the past

participle of each verb first If you need to.

A: Have you ever played squash?
B: Yes, a few times.
A: When did you play for the first time?
B: Three years ago. A friend of mine belongs to a club.

A: Have you ever done a bungee jump?
B: No, I haven’t.
A: Would you Like to do one?
B: No way! It looks realty scary!

10.4 Scientific processes
6:00 PM

A- Read the conversations below and match them to the pictures.

a) Adnan: What are you doing, Mummy? Why are you pouring water on the
plants — are they thirsty?
Mother: Yes. I suppose they are. Plants and flowers need water just Like
we do. If you don’t give them water, they die.
Adnan Can I give this flower some water?
The answer is :Picture 4

b) Nisreen: Why have you Left the tomatoes on the windowsill, granddad?
Aren’t we going to eat them?
Granddad: No. they’re not ripe yet — Look they’re still green. If you leave
green tomatoes In the urn, they soon turn red.

c) Father: Are you feeling a bit warmer now, Ali?
Ali: Well, I feel a bit warmer but my feet ore still freezing.
Father: That’s because when you heat air, it rises. ALL the warm air is at
the top of the room. Don’t worry, the room will soon warm up.
96

d) Father: Maha, come and look at the rainbow. Isn’t it beautiful?
Maha: Oh yes. What makes a rainbow, Daddy? Where do the colors
come from?
Father: Well, when it rains there ،s water in the r. If the sunlight shines
through raindrops, you see bright colors, and that’s called a rainbow.

B- Answer these questions about the conversations with a partner.

1. What happens If you don’t water plants?
1. If you don’t water plants, they die.

2. Why has the girl's grandfather put the tomatoes on the windowsill?
2. Because if you leave green tomatoes in the sun, they
turn red.

3. Why are the boy’s feet stilt cold?
3. Because if von heat air, it rises.

4. Why do you sometimes see a rainbow in the sky?
4. Because when sunlight shines through raindrops, you see bright colors called
a rainbow.

10.5 Predications and advice
6:08 PM

A- Complete the beginnings of the sentences 1—7 with the endings a—g.

1. If you are outside when a thunderstorm begins, [F]
2. If the sky is red at night. [C]
3. If you ore indoors when there is an earthquake, [B]
4. If there is a circle of Light around the moon, [D]
97
5. If you ore caught In a sandstorm [G]

6. If flowers open earlier In the year than usual [A]
7. If you ore Lost in the desert [E]

a) there might be o Long, hot summer ahead.
b) you must stay away from windows and shelter .under a table or desk
c) the next day will be fine.
d) it might rain soon.
e) stay close to your car until somebody comes to help you.
f) you should stay away from trees.
g) wet a piece of cloth and put it over your nose and mouth.

B- Mark the sentence above (p) if they are predictions and (A) if they give
advice.

1-P 2-P 3-A 4-P 5-A 6-P 7-A

C- Talk In small groups and talk about these situations.
Either make predictions or give advice. Try to use full conditional sentences.

1. Before you go to bed, you see that the sky is clear and full of bright stars.
1. if there is a clear sky at night, the next day will be fine.

2. On the TV news, they warn that a hurricane is approaching your region.
2. if a hurricane is approaching, you should stay indoors
away from windows.

3. Your friend suggests playing football in the midday sun in the middle of
summer.
3. If it is very hot, we shouldn’t play football.

4. The weather has been dry, but in the morning the grass is wet.
4. if the grass is wet in the morning, it will he a good day.

5. You are outside when you feel the start of on earthquake.
5. I you are outside when an earthquake starts. you
should find a clear space away from trees and buildings
98
and drop to the ground.

6. You suddenly notice that plants and flowers seem to have a strong smell
6. If plants and flowers have a strong smell, it means there will be a good
harvest.

10.6 Twenty years from now

6:15 PM

A- Check the meaning of the words and phrases below arid match
them to the topics. There are two for each topic.

space travel 2
save Lives 3
Self-employed 1
devices 3
destinations 2
commute 1

C- Listen to the three speakers talking about the topics above. Match each
speaker to the topic that they talk about.

1. In the future, more people will he working from home.
It us!! no longer he necessary for people to corn mute
to work and sit in an office every day because they can
send in work by e-mail! and the Internet. People will
save money on train fares and petrol and that will be
better fur the environment. I think more people will be
self-employed rather than work for the same company
for ten or twenty years. I also think people might try
two or three different jobs instead of doing the same
job all their life.
99

2. Very soon there will he more people in Europe who
are over than people under 50. These people will
Have more money and will want to travel to snore
interesting places. South America and Africa will
become snore frequent destinations for many more
travellers. Hotel will be built in more unusual places —
there are already plans for a hotel under the sea in
Dubai. We might even see hotels — or pods - that can
be snored from one place to another — like in a
Rainforest or a desert. Will there be space irate??
(pause) Yes. probably — we have the technology now —
the problem is the cost. For most people it will just he
too expensive.
3. I think we will see more robots that look like people.

The will be helpers that will assist very old people
or that can guide blind people instead of dogs. They
will also do the dangerous jobs that people don want
to do. Perhaps waiters and waitresses will be replaced
by machines that serve people in restaurants. (Pause)
I think there will even be robot devices to do very
important jobs. They will be small enough to travel
inside our bodies — in our blood — carrying drugs that
will prevent diseases and save lives.

Answers

Speaker 1 — work
Speaker 2 — holidays
Speaker 1 — robots

10.7 Scars
6:17 PM

A- Read the sentences below. Have any of these things happened to you?
100

1. I was bitten on the Leg by a big dog.
2. I had ten stitches in my Lip after a fight.
3. I banged my head on the roof of the car.
4. I felt off my skateboard and grazed my knee.
5. I burnt my hand when I was taking something out of the oven.
6. I twisted my ankle when I jumped off a wall
7. I had an operation on my stomach.
8. I was stung by a scorpion in the desert.

C- Listen to three people talking about how they got scars. Match each
speaker to two of the pictures.

1. I have got a huge scar from an operation I had on one of
my lungs a few years ago. One day I was walking in the
country then I felt a terrible pain in my chest. I remember
that as I was falling to the ground I called out. The next
thing I knew I woke up in hospital after my operation.
Some people had called an ambulance and I was rushed to
hospital. I had to stay there for nearly a week.

2. I’ve got a small scar on my right hand— here look. I was
taking a very hot dish, from the oven and my mobile
suddenly rang. I was holding the dish with a cloth but the
phone made me jump and I almost dropped everything. I
managed to put the dish, on the table but the cloth slipped
away from my hand and my hand was burned quite badly.
I ran it under cold water for a long time but it was very
painful.

3. I’ve got three big scars across my arm and one on each
hand, it happened when I was seven I was at my
grandfather's house. My brother, who is two years older,
was chasing me through the house when I ran into a glass
door. I was trying to run into the garden and I didn’t
realise the door was closed. As I hit the door, I put my
arms and out and I was cut badly. My mother rushed in
101
and wrapped a towel around both hands and the arm that
was bleeding. Then my father rushed me to hospital in his
ear.

Answers

1. 3 and 6
2. 1 and 4
3. 5 and 2

10.8 Healthy eating
6:20 PM

A- Work in small groups and make three Lists in your notebook.

1. List five types of food that ore healthy and good for you.
2. List five types of food that ore not healthy and ore not good for you.
3. List five activities that keep you fit.

C- Read the comments and see If any of your ideas are mentioned.

Why are young people eating a less healthy diet?
Posted by foodyman 26th February 6:33 p.m.

Why are young people eating a less healthy diet?
Best answer:
When I was young mothers stayed at home and took care of the for the family
They cooked every day and
Wasn't usual to ear out Families sat together to ear meals. I only remember
eating auto few times when
، was young and it was always to celebrate a sped al occasion. Nowadays, a lot
of women have jobs and
children have all sorts of after-school activities. Families eat out more, and
usually it’s fast food of some kind.

karenoneInorthago [ reply ]
102

Mote answers:
I think that It’s because so many chemicals are added to food these days. The
food producers know
how to make low-quality food taste good. Children become addicted to the
flavours and want more
and more of the same kind of food.

Toby eight day ago [ reply ]

In the past people had to grow their own food, or shop with very little money.
These days, people just
grab something from a supermarket shelf There seems to be food everywhere
you look, and not all of
it is very healthy.

Lily five days ago [ reply ]

Everyone just buys fast food, and children sit and watch TV or play computer
games while they’re
eating. Very often, both parents work, and they dont have the time to cook
meals with fresh ingredients.

Thomas three day ago [ reply ]
103

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‫اعداد ‪ /‬أ‪ .

‬احمد الحوتي‬ ‫(الصف التاسع)‬ ‫سلسلة األصدقاء في مادة اللغة اإلنجليزية‬

‫‪Facts and figures‬‬

‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫المناطق الزمنية‪Time zones‬‬

‫‪1.‬ما هو الوقت في ليبيا في الوقت الحالي؟‬

‫ب ‪ -‬اقرأ المحادثة وتحقق من إجابات كتاب المصنف‪.‬‬

‫‪Agent: Two hours before‬‬ ‫الوكيل‪ :‬قبل ساعتين من المغادرة‪.‬‬

‫? ‪D- Read the text why is it BST ? Why is it done‬‬

‫د‪ -‬اقرأ النص ماذا يكون ‪BST‬؟ ولماذا يتم ذلك؟‬

‫جدول المواعيد ‪1.3 -1.4 Timetables‬‬

‫أ‪ -‬اقرأ ما يقوله محمد وقرر أي قطار‪ :‬يجب أن ينتقل به‪.‬‬

‫‪I have an Important meeting at 8 o'clock In London tomorrow.‬‬

‫لدي اجتماع مهم في الساعة ‪ 8‬في لندن غدا‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬ب‪ -‬اقرأ ما يقوله آدم وقرر أي حافلة يجب أن يأخذ‬

‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪He should take 6:00 coach.‬‬

‫‪I’m going to London to meet a friend tomorrow. We’re meeting‬‬

‫أسئل واجب عن الجداول الزمنية‬

‫? ‪1.When does the first train / coach leaves‬‬

‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪The first train leaves at 6:20‬‬

‫?‪2. When does It arrive‬‬ ‫متى تصل؟ ‪. 2.‬‬

‫?‪3. How Long does it take‬‬ ‫كم يستغرق؟ ‪3.‬‬

‫?‪4. How much does the train journey cost‬‬

‫‪The answer :‬‬ ‫‪It costs about 19 pounds and 30 pence‬‬

‫‪1. Use will for predictions‬‬ ‫للتوقعات‪ :‬نستخدم ‪will‬‬

‫‪We're meeting at the British‬‬ ‫نحن نلتقي في المتحف البريطاني‪.‬‬

‫‪I’m going to travel by coach.‬‬ ‫‪.‬أنا ذاهب للسفر عن طريق الحافلة‬

‫الصناعات ‪1.5 Industries‬‬

‫‪farming‬‬ ‫الزراعة‬ ‫‪textile production‬‬ ‫انتاج المالبس‬

‫‪B - Describe what you can see in the pictures.‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪farming‬‬ ‫الزراعة‬

‫‪A- Listen and follow the conversation about industry in Libya.‬‬

‫استمع وتابع الحديث عن الصناعة في ليبيا‪.‬‬

2. Which pictures show modern industries? Pictures 1.2.3.5

3. Which things can you find in Libya? They are all in a

‫استمع إلى معلمك وتحقق من إجاباتك‬

‫‪3. Grand Canyon‬‬ ‫جراند كانيون‬ ‫‪— America‬‬ ‫أمريكا‬

‫‪4. Big Ben‬‬ ‫ساعة بيج بن‬ ‫‪— England‬‬ ‫انجلترا‬

‫‪5. Angel Falls‬‬ ‫شالالت انجل‬ ‫‪— Venezuela‬‬ ‫فنزويال‬

‫‪6. Taj Mahal‬‬ ‫تاج محل‬ ‫‪— India‬‬ ‫الهند‪:‬‬

‫‪7. Grand Canal‬‬ ‫القناة الكبرى‬ ‫‪— Italy‬‬ ‫ايطاليا‬

‫‪9. River Nile‬‬ ‫نهر النيل‬ ‫‪— Egypt‬‬ ‫مصر‬

‫?‪Boy 2: how long is it‬‬ ‫كم طوله؟‬

‫?‪1. Which sights are natural? Which are man-made‬‬

‫أي منها مناظر طبيعية ؟ واي منها من صنع االنسان؟‬

2.2 Giving your opinion ‫إبداء رأيك‬

.‫هو األقل قد ًما‬

In my opinion, ... I think so, too. No, I don’t think so.

2.3 First on the summit ‫األول على القمة‬

A- Read and discuss this statement in groups.

‫لماذا تعتقد أن كل نقطة صحيحة؟‬

unfit, easily frightened, careless, not very strong, need a lot of

‫اقرا عن قصة حياة هنري ادمند ثم ناقش صفاته‬

‫‪Himalayas In 1951. Around that time, a British mountaineering team was‬‬

‫‪expedition to cross the Antarctic by tractor and an expedition to explore the‬‬

‫ناس الجبال ‪2.4 Mountain people‬‬

‫‪1.‬أين عاش شعب شيربا في البداية؟‬

‫‪ .2‬لماذا اصبح الكثير منهم مرشدين جبليين؟‬

‫? ‪3. what porters do‬‬

‫‪3.‬ماذا بفعل الحمالين؟‬

B- Use the notes to talk about Tensing in groups.

after Everest opened mountaineering School in Darjeeling to train people as

When was the car invented? ‫متى اخترعت السيارة؟‬

When was the telephone invented? ‫متى تم اختراع الهاتف؟‬