A band
proteins called actinins.
 Region of overlapping actin
and myosin
 M line – center of the A band
; Proteins of the M line
connect the central portion
of each thick filament to
neighboring thick filaments.
These dark-staining proteins
help stabilize the positions of
the thick filaments
 H band- a lighter region on
either side of the M line;
contains thick filaments, but
no thin filaments
 Zone of overlap is a dark
region where thin filaments
are located between the
thick filaments; where three
thick filaments surround each
thin filament, and six thin
filaments surround each thick
filaments.
I band
 region of the sarcomere that
contains thin filaments but no
thick filaments
 extends from the A band of
one sarcomere to the A
band of the next sarcomere
- Z lines bisect the I
bands and mark the
boundary between
adjacent sarcomeres; consist of
Myofilaments
–responsible for muscular
contraction
 Thin filaments – filamentous
actin (F- actin), nebulin,
tropomyosin, troponin
Anatomy of smooth
muscle
• Smooth muscles cannot be
controlled at will because it is
under the control of the
autonomic nervous system
and also may be hormonally
stimulated
• contains a single large
nucleus and because its fiber
is more delicate than skeletal
muscle, cross-striation of the
myosin and actin
arrangements is not visible
• In hollow structures like the
small intestine, the smooth
muscle is arranged in two
layers, an outer longitudinal
layer and an inner circular
layer
• Contraction of these two
layers, with the circular layer
contracting first, results in
reducing both the length of
the tube and the
circumference of the tube
pushing whatever is inside
the tube in a forward
direction
• Produce slower
contractions than skeletal
muscles but allows greater
extensibility of the muscle
• actin and myosin fibers are
not so regularly arranged in
smooth muscle as in
striated muscle.
Anatomy of the cardiac
muscle
control the speed of other
muscle cells, causing them
all to contract at the faster
rate
 Rapid rhythm - to receive an
impulse, contract,
immediately relax, and then
receive another impulse;
about 75 times a minute
the period of an individual
contraction is slower in
cardiac (about 0.8
second) as opposed to
skeletal muscle, which is
much faster (about 0.09
second)
 uncontrolled contraction of
individual cells in the heart
occurs, this is
called fibrillation

• Cannot be influenced at
will because it is under the
control of the autonomic
nervous system

• Uninucleated; striated
• If one muscle cell is
stimulated, all the muscle
cells or fibers are stimulated
so all the muscle cells
contract together

• the muscle cell that

contracts the fastest will
Muscles moving the
humerus

• originate on the bones of

the shoulder girdle

• Pectoralis major - flexes and

adducts the arm

• latissimus dorsi muscle -

extends, adducts, and rotates
the arm medially

• Aka as swimmers muscle

Rotator cuff muscles

• teres minor adducts and

rotates the arm

• deltoid abducts the arm

and is also the muscle that
receives injections

• supraspinatus also abducts

the arm

• infraspinatus rotates the arm