MIPANDA YEMAZITA.

Mazita anopinda muzvikwata zvakasiyana. Zvikwata izvi zvinonzi mipanda. Pane nzira
ina dzinonyanya kushandiswa kuisa mazita mumipanda yakasiyana-siyana.
NZIRA DZEKUISA NADZO MAZITA MUMIPANDA
a).Chivakashure chakafanana.
Manzwi ane chivakashure chakafanana mazhinji acho anopinda mumupanda
wakafanana. Muenzaniso ndewekuti manzwi anoti mukomana, mufundisi, mutikitivha
ari mumupanda umwe chete unova mupanda 1 nekuda kwekuti ane chivakashure
chakafanana chinova mu-. Manzwi anoti chikomana, chisikana nachana ari
mumupanda umwe chete unova mupanda 7 nekuda kwekuti ese ane chivakashure
chimwe chete chinova chi-.
b) Manzwi anoreva zvakafanana.
Iyi ndeimwe nzira zvakare inoshandiswa kuisa mazita mumipanda yawo. Manzwi
anoiswa mumupanda umwe chete nekuda kwekuti anoreva zvakafanana.
Tikacherechedza manzwi anoti kutamba, kudya, kuseka nakubata ari mumupanda
umwe chete unova mupanda 15, nekuda kwekuti ese zviito. Iyi nzira ndiyo inoita kuti
mamwe manzwi ane zvivakashure zvakafanana apinde mumipanda yakasiyana sekuti
manzwi anoti mumunda, munhandare namurwizi haapindi mumupanda 1 chero ane
chivakashure mu- chinova chivakashure chemupanda 1 zvakare nekuti manzwi aya ese
anoreva nzvimbo saka anopinda mumupanda 18.
c) Sungano yeushoma neuzhinji yakafanana.
Mazita anenge ari mumupanda mumwe chete ari muushoma kana ava muuzhinji
anowanzopinda mumupanda umwe chete zvakare ava muuzhinji. Tikatarisa manzwi ari
mumupanda 3 ari muushoma asi kana ava muuzhinji anopinda mumupanda 4.
Mupanda 3 (ushoma) Mupanda 4 (uzhinji)
muti miti
munzwa minzwa
munda minda.
Nzira iyi inoshanda zvakare pamipanda yakawanda se 1 ne 2, 5 ne 6, kotiwo 7 ne 8
Mupanda 7 (ari muushoma) Mupanda 8 ( ari muuzhinji)
chana zvana
chingwa zvingwa

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zvikoro zvikoro.
d)Sungawirirano yakafanana.
Tinogona kuisawo mazita mumupanda umwe chete nekuda kwekuti ane sungawirirano
yakafanana. Kune mamwewo mazita ane zvivakashure zvakafanana asi ari mumipanda
yakasiyana semanzwi anoti.
Zita Mupanda
mufundisi 1
muti 3
mumba 18
Kuti mazita aya aiswe mumipanda yawo yakasiyana patoshandiswa wirirano. Kana
wirirano yakasiyana zvinoreva kuti ari mumipanda yakasiyanawo nekuti tinotaura tichiti
iye mufundisi (mupanda 1), iwo muti (mupanda 3) totiwo imo mumba ( mupanda 18).
Nzira iyi inotibatsira zvakare kuisa manzwi ane zvivakashure zvakasiyana mumupanda
umwe chete kunyanya manzwi ari mumupanda 5.
Mupanda 5
gora
sungawirirano iro- badza
dombo
Manzwi ari pamusoro aya apinda mumupanda umwe chete unova mupanda 5
nekuda kwesungawirirano imwe chete inova iro.
# zvakakosha kuti kana uchipindura mubvunzo wakanzi ipa nzira dzinoshandiswa
kuisa mazita mumipanda usasiya inzwi rekuti zvakafanana.Semuenzaniso unonyora
uchiti tinotarisa chivakashure chakafanana, manzwi anoreva zvakafanana. Ukangoti
tinotarisa chivakashure chete hapana chibodzwa chaunowana.
Mupanda Chivakashure Muenzaniso
1 mu- / mw- murume, mwana, mwenga, mufi.
1a. Ø- Tapiwa, mambo, sekuru.
2. va- /v- vana, varume, vakadzi
2a. va- vasekuru, vaTsvangirai, vaKapfupi.
2b a- asekuru, ambuya, atete
3 mu-/ mw- mugwagwa, mwenje, mwedzi
4 mi- mw- migwagwa, minzwa, mweya
5 (ri-) banga, rifa, guru

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6 ma-/m- mazino, meno, mapudzi
7 chi- chisi, chitaka, chidhoma
8 zvi- zvana, zvimbwanana, zvingwa
9 i-/ Ø-/N- ingwe, mombe, nyati
10 dzi- /N-/Ø- dzimba, tsero, nzendo
11 ru-/rw- ruoko, rwana, rwendo
12 ka- kambwa, kamba, karume
13 tu- / tw- twana, tumbwa
14 u- / hw- hwema, uroyi, uchi
15 ku- kurwa, kurutsa, kutsvinya
16. pa- pamuti, pamba ,pachikoro
17 ku- kuchechi, kudondo, kurwizi
17a Ø- zasi, mberi
18 mu- muchitoro, mubindu, munzira
19 svi- svichembere, svana, svisikana
21 zi- zigadzi, zinyoka
Mupanda 1.chivakashure mu-/mw-
Mazita ari mumupanda uyu ane chivakashure mu- kana kuti mw- . Kunze
kwechivakashure mazita ose anopinda mumupanda 1 anofanira kunge achireva vanhu
kana kuti akamirira vanhu asi ane chivakashure mu- kana mw-. Mienzaniso yemanzwi
ari mumupanda 1 ndeinoti :
mweni musevenzi
mwana mukwasha
mwenga mushakabvu
muimbi musungwa.
Mupanda 1a. chivakashure Ø-
Mupanda uyu unogona kupinda mazita ose evanhu kana nzvimbo semuenzaniso
Mazita evanhu Mazita enzvimbo
Tariro Zambia
Rudo Nembudziya

3
Tawanda Harare
Kunze kwemazita evanhu mupanda 1a unopindawo mazita oukama asi asina
chivakashure chinoonekwa sekuti :
baba tete
mbuya
sekuru
Mazita amwe anogona kupinda mumupanda uyu mazita anoreva zvinzvimbo
nemabasa evanhu sekuti mambo, ishe , tezvara nasahwira.
Mupanda 2. chivakashure va-/ v-
Manzwi emupanda 2 anoreva uzhinji hwemanzwi ari mumupanda 1. Mienzaniso
yemanzwi aya ndeinoti varanda, vatendi, vakundi, vanhu, vasikana, uye varume.
Mupanda 2a. chivakashure va-
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi va- asi va uyu haasi weuwandu hwemanzwi
sewemupanda 2 asi anomirira kuremekedza vanhu sekuti :
vasekuru vashe
vaGurajena vamwene
vaMutaurwa. vasahwira
Mupanda 2b chivakashure a-
Chivakashure chemupanda 2b ndi a- uye mazita aya mazhinji acho
anowanzoshandiswa nevanhu vanotaura chimanyika. Mienzaniso yemanzwi aya
ndeinoti : amai
atete
asahwira
Mupanda 3. chivakashure mu-/ mw-
Manzwi anopinda mumupanda 3 ane chivakashure mu- kana mw- uye anoreva zvinhu
zvisiri vanhu saka manzwi emumupanda uyu akasiyana neemupanda 1. Manzwi
emupanda 3 anogona kureva zvinhu zvisingabatiki sekuti mweya ,mwando kana
zvimwewo zvakasangana sekuti :
munda
mugwagwa
munzwa
Tikatarisa mazita ari mumupanda 3 mazhinji acho ari muushoma uye tikazoaisa
muuzhinji anopinda muuzhinji mumupanda unotevera unova mupanda 4.

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Mupanda 4 . chivakashure mi- / mw-
Mupanda uyu uzhinji hwemupanda 3 sekuti :
Mupanda 3 Mupanda 4
mugwagwa migwagwa mwena
musodzi misodzi miridzo
# Pane mamwe mazita ari mumupanda 3 asi asingapindi mumupanda 4 nokuti haana
uzhinji sekuti moto, muto.
Mupanda 5. Chivakashure (ri-)
Mupanda uyu unofanira kungwarirwa nekuti mazita mazhinji anopinda mumupanda
uyu haana chivakashure chiri pachena nekudaro anomirirwa na (ri-). Manzwi ane
chivakashure chiri pachena mashoma akaita sarifa narize. Mamwe mazhinji emanzwi
ari mumupanda uyu tinotarisa sungawirirano yakafanana kuti apinde mumupanda
uyu mienzaniso ndeinoti gora
badza
sungawirirano yakafanana - iro benzi
zino
Zvimwe zvinobatsirawo kuziva manzwi emupanda 5 ndezvekutarisa sungano
yeushoma neuwandu zvichireva kuti manzwi mazhinji emupanda 5 ari muushoma
akaiswa muuzhinji anopinda mumupanda unotevera unova mupanda 6.
Mienzaniso :
Mupanda 5 ( ari muushoma) Mupanda 6 (ari muuzhinji)
bhinya mabhinya
gororo makororo
Mupanda 6. chivakashure ma- /m-
Manzwi ari mumupanda uyu ane chivakashure ma- uye akawanda acho uzhinji
hwemanzwi ari mumupanda 5.
Mienzaniso machongwe meno
makudo meso
makororo mano .
Mupanda 7. Chivakashure chi- / ch-
Manzwi akawanda emumupanda uyu anoratidza kudukupika kwechinhu sekuti
chikomana, chisikana, chana, chimbwanana. Mamwewo anoratidza zvakasiyana siyana

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sekuti chisahwira, chiramu , chikosoro. Tinofanira kucherechedza kuti manzwi akawanda
emupanda 7 ari muushoma asi akaiswa muuzhinji anopinda mumupanda 8.
Mupanda 8 chivakashure zvi- / zv-
Mienzaniso yemanzwi ari mumupanda 8 ndeinoti :
zvizukuru zvanza
zviperengo zvikorobho
Mupanda 9.chivakashure i- /N-/Ø-
Mupanda uyu une mazita anoreva zvakasiyana- siyana
Mienzaniso - ingwe ndonda mombe
inda nyope huni
ishwa nhoro nzira
Tinowanzoshandisa sungawirirano kuisa manzwi emupanda 9 semuenzaniso
huku
iyo mhuka
ngwarati.
Manzwi akawanda zvakare emupanda 9 anenge ari muushoma kana ava muuzhinji
anobva apinda mumupanda 10.
Mupanda 10 chivakashure dzi-/Ø-/N-.
Manzwi akawanda emupanda 10 uzhinji hwemanzwi ari mumupanda 9 semuenzaniso :
dzimba ngwena nyope
dzimbo tsero tsuro
Mupanda 11 chivakashure ru-/ rw-
Mupanda uyu une mazita anoreva zvakasiyana siyana mamwe acho anogona kureva
kurebenuka kwezvinhu, kuondoroka kana kushata kwezvinhu. Mienzaniso yemanzwi
anopinda mumipanda iyi ndeinoti :
rupasa rwana
rukukwe rwizi .
Manzwi anoratidza nguva dzezuva dzakasiyana siyana anogona kupinda mumupanda
uyu semuenzaniso ruvhunzavaeni, rungwanani.
Mupanda 12 chivakashure ka-

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Manzwi akawanda anopinda mumupanda uyu anoreva kudukupika kwechinhu.
Mienzaniso ndeinoti : kakomana, kasikana, katsuro
Mupanda 13 chivakashure tu-/ tw-
Zvinhu zviviri zvinonyanya kurehwa nemazita ari mumupanda 13
ndezvinoti :kushomeka, nekudukupika kwezvinhu
Kushomeka kudukupika
twumuto twana
twumazai twusikana
tumvura tunhunzi.
Mupanda 14 chivakashure u-/ hu-/ kana hw-.
Mazita anopinda mumupanda uyu ndeanoti
unhu upfu
upenzi uta
uroyi hwema
urombo hwahwa.
Manzwi ari pamusoro awa mamwe acho anoreva zvinhu zvisingabatiki kana kuoneka
mamwe achirevawo zvinoonekwa kana kubatika. # Muverengi ngaachipatsanura ega
zvisingabatiki nezvinobatika.
Mupanda 15 chivakashure ku-
Manzwi anopinda mumupanda uyu ose anoreva zviito semuenzaniso :
kutamba kuroora
kupfimba kuroya
kurwa kuvhima.
Sungawirirano yemanzwi ari mumupanda uyu ndi iko, sekuti
kudya
Tinotaura tichiti iko - kuda
kutsvinya
Mupanda 16, 17, ne 18. Mipanda yese iyi iri mitatu inoreva nzvimbo.
(zvidudziranzvimbo)
Mupanda 16. Chivakashure pa-

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Mupanda uyu unoreva nzvimbo asi panenge paine pfungwa yekuti nzvimbo iri
kurehwa iri pedyo nemutauri sekuti pachikova, pamasowe, pachigaro.
Mupanda 17 chivakashure ku-
Mupanda uyu unotaura pamusoro penzvimbo zvakare asi nzvimbo iyi inenge iri kure
nemutauri semuenzaniso kuZambia, kunhandare, kumusha, kuHarare.
Mupanda 17a chivakashure Ø-
Mupanda uyu unorevawo nzvimbo asi wakanyanya kurerekera kuratidza divi rinenge
rine chinhu sekuti seri, zasi, mberi, nyasi, shure.
Mupanda 18 chivakashure mu-.
Manzwi ari mumupanda uyu anoreva nzvimbo asi muri nechemukati mechinhu.
Mienzaniso ndeinoti mudumbu, mukanwa, mumba. Sungawirirano yemanzwi ari
mumupanda 18 ndi imo sekuti muhari
imo murwizi
mudanga
Mupanda 19 chivakashure svi-/sv-
Manzwi ari mumupanda uyu anonyanya kureva zvinhu zviduku, kunova kudukupika
kwechinhu. Mazita aya anowanzoshandiswa navaKaranga semuenzaniso svichembere,
svana, svinyama.
Mupanda 21 chivakashure zi-
Mupanda uyu unonyanya kuratidza kukura kwakaita chinhu. Mienzaniso ndi zigomana
zigadzi, zirume. Sungawirirano yemupanda uyu ndi iro inova zvakare sungawirirano
yemupanda 5.Manzwi emupanda 5 anotanga nechivakashure zi- haazopindi
mumupanda 21 nekuda kwekuti anenge asingaratidzi kukura kwechinhu nyangwe
sungawirirano nechivakashure zvikafanana. Muenzaniso mupanda 5
zizi
zino
ziso
Manzwi aya ari mumupanda 5 nekuti haasi kutiratidza kukura asi tikazoachinja kuti
atiratidze kukura anobva ava mumupanda 21 semuennzaniso zizizi
zizino
ziziso .
MIBVUNZO YAKANANGANA NEMIPANDA. Mwana wechikoro anokurudzirwa
kupindura mibvunzo yese inotevera kuti awone kana anzwisisa. Kupindura
nekunyora pasi ndiyo nzira chete inoita kuti mwana anoziva zvaanoita abudirire.

8
1.Ipa zvikonzero zvina zvekuisa mazita mumipanda yakasiyana- siyana.[8].
2. Ndeipi mitsauko iripo pane zvivakashure zvemipanda inotevera?
(i)mu- wemupanda 1, 3 ne 18
(ii)va- wemupanda 2 ne 2a.
(iii) ku- wemupanda 15 ne 17
(iv) Ø- wemupanda 1a ne 17a.
3.Uchipa mienzaniso yakakodzera, ratidza mipanda yemazita inoshandisa sungawirirano
dzakafanana. [12].
4.Nyora zvivakashure nemadzitsi emazita anotevera.
huku baba choto chapungu
mwongo hukwe hwema zigomana
Tendai meno mhuka hwahwa
guru muvhimi chembere danga
bveni jira mhedziso hwati
dzikana ziso rudo nhumwa
5. Uchishandisa madzitsi anotevera, umba mazita emipanda iri muzvikomberedzwa.
(i) -ana (2)
(ii) -dya (15)
(iii) -nze (16)
(iv) -kumbo (3)
(v) -iyo (10)
(vi) -kanganwa (10)
(vii) -nhu (21+1)
(viii) -sha (17+4)
(ix) -chi (18+4)
(x) -ti (16 +12+3)
6. Nyatsoongorora mazita ari pazasi wozopindura mibvunzo inotevera
danda huku Bere chana rwiyo
nyasi kunze musi churu ishe
penzura bhuku rudzi mberi kugweru

9
mwando tete kumunda chisi mhiri
rwaivhi gaba nyati muto
(a) Isa mazita ari mumupanda mumwe chete pawo ega kudzamara wapedza ose.
Nyora mupanda wechikwata chega chega chawaumba. (8)
(b) Ndezvipi zvikonzero zviviri zvaita kuti uise mazita mumipanda iyi ? (4)

ZVISAZITASINGWI.

Chisazitasingwi inzwi rinokwanisa kummiririra zita kana tisingadi kushandisa zita.

Basa rezvisazitasingwi.
(i)Kumirira zita.
Muenzaniso. : Tapiwa anoshanda kuZambia.
# Kana tisingadi kushandisa zita tinogona kutsiva zita nechisazitasingwi sezvinotevera .
Iye anoshanda kuZambia.
(ii) Chisazitasingwi chinogona kubatana nezita chichisimbisa zita kana kutsinhira zita
sezvinotevera :
Iye Tapiwa anoshanda kuZambia.

Mhando dzezvisazitasingwi.
Tine mhando mbiri dzezvisazitasingwi zvinoti :
(a)Zvisazitasingwi zvinomiririra vanhu kana kuti zvedungamunhu.
(b)Zvisazitasingwi zvemipanda.

(a) Zvisazitasingwi zvinomiririra vanhu.

Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
ini
iwe
iye.

Maumbirwo ezvisazitasungwi zvinomiririra vanhu.

10
 Chitsigisi + chitaridzamunhu
i-+- ni
i-+- we
i-+-ye.

Zvisazitasingwi zvemipanda.
Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
ipo
imo
ihwo

Maumbirwo ezvisazitasingwi zvemipanda.

Chitsigisi + chitaridzamupanda +-o (nzvovera)
i-+- p- +- o
i-+-rw- +-o .
##Zvisazitasingwi zvese zvinotanga nevara rimwe chete i- rinova chitsigisi.

Mibvunzo YeZvisazitasingwi.
1.(a)Tsanangura nzira mbiri dzekuumba nadzo zvisazitasingwi. Ipa mienzaniso
yakakodzera. [8]
(b) Zvisazitasingwi zvinoita mabasa api ? Tsigira mhinduro yako zvizere. [4]
2(a)Ronga manzwi anotevera muzvikwata zviviri zvakakodzera. Ipa zita rechikwata
chega chega chawaumba.
ini irwo
ihwo isu
imi ipo
idzo iwe [6]
(b)Tsanangura maumbirwo emanzwi aya uchipa muenzaniso mumwe chete kubva
muchikwata chimwe nechimwe. [6].

11
ZVIDUDZIRAMAZITA.
Zvidudziramazita imhando yemanzwi anotsanangura pamwe nokududzira mazita. Anopa
dzimwe pfungwa pamusoro pezita sekuti murume (mutete ) inzwi rekuti mutete
chatova chidudzirazita nekuti chava kutipa pfungwa yemamiriro mumhu wemurume
uyu.

MHANDO DZEZVIDUDZIRAMAZITA.

(a)CHIPAURO
(b)CHIVERENGO
(c)CHIREVAUWANDU
(d)CHISARUDZI/ CHINAN’ANURI
(e)CHIRATIDZI
(f)CHIREVAMWENE.
a) CHIPAURO.
Chipauro inzwi rinotitsanangurira mamiriro akaita chinhu kana kupa rupau kuchinhu.
Chakakosha kuziva pazvipauro maumbirwo ezvipauro uye kubata mhando
dzezvipauro.Mienzaniso yezvipauro ndeinoti :
Muti murefu
Sango dema
Imbwa tema
Inzwi rinoti murefu riri kushanda sechipauro pakuti riri kutijekesera mamiriro akaita
muti uyu, uyewo inzwi rekuti tema riri kupa rupawo kuimbwa iyi richijekesa mamiriro
akaita imbwa.
Maumbirwo ezvipauro.
Chipauro chinoumbwa nechivakashure chechipauro + dzitsi rechipauro.Semuenzaniso
zvipauro zvinoti vaviri, refu navatsvuku.
Maumbirwo
Chivakashure chechipauro + dzitsi rechipauro
va- + - viri
re- + -fu

12
Mwana akangonyora chete kuti chivakashure + dzitsi hazvisirizvo asi anofanira
kunyatsonyora kuti chivakashure chechipauro + dzitsi rechipauro .
Mhando dzezvipauro.
a) Zvipauro zveruvara
b) Zvipauro zvemhumhu wechinhu
c) Zvipauro zvemamiriro echinhu
d) Zvipauro zveuwandu hwezvinhu.
(i) Zvipauro zveruvara.
Zvipauro izvi zvinotijekesera ruvara rwezvinhu zvinenge zvichirehwa
mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Jira dzvuku
Mota chena
(ii) Zvipauro zvemhumhu wechinhu.
Mwana mukuru
Murume mukobvu
Vana vapfupi
(iii) Zvipauro zvemamiriro echinhu.
Hembe tsaru
Vise mbishi
(iv) Zvipauro zveuwandu hwezvinhu.
Mvura zhinji
Mombe zana
Zvikoro zvitatu
Pane mamwe manzwi anoshanda sezvipauro asi asiri zvipauro chaizvo. Mienzaniso
yamanzwi aya ndeinoti
Nyoka yakareba
Tambo yakapfupika
Nhumbi dzakasviba. Manzwi aya (yakareba, yakapfupika nadzakasviba)
anogona kunzi zviitopauro kana kuti chiitopauro kana riri rimwe chete.

(b) Chiverengo. ( Madzitsi acho -mwe na -i)

Chiverengo manzwi anotipa kuti tikwanise kupatsanura chinhu kubva pane zvimwe
tichinyanya kushandisa nhamba, ndipo panobva zita rekuti chiverengo pakuverenga.
Zvakakosha kubata ndezvekuti zviverengo zvinoonekwa nemadzitsi maviri anoti :
-mwe
-i.
Mienzaniso yezviverengo ndeinoti :
Munhu mumwe mwanai azvarwa?

13
 Gore rimwe chii chaitika?
Imwe mhuka murudzii murume uyu?
Madzitsi ezviverengo ndiwo akanyorwa nemavara akakora ayo (bold letters)
Maumbirwo ezviverengo.
Zviverengo zvinoumbwa nechivakashure chechiverengo + dzitsi rechiverengo.
Muenzaniso Chivakashure chechiverengo + dzitsi rechiverengo
chi- + - mwe
mu- +- i
(c) Chirevauwandu. Chine madzitsi anoti (-se, -ga na -mene)
Chirevauwandu inzwi rinotsanagura nezveuwandu kana ushoma hwechinhu.Mienzaniso
yezvirevauwandu ndeinotevera : Dzitsi rekuti -se riri kutipa fungwa yekuti hapana
chinosara sekuti :
Mapositori ose ngaauye
Vadzidzisi vose vachadzingwa basa
Gore rose
Dzitsi rekuti -ga rodudzirawo kuti munhu kana chinhu chimwe chete chiri kurehwa
kwete zvose semuenzaniso ini ndoga, mbudzi dzoga, murwere oga.
Dzitsi rekuti -mene rinoreva munhu pachezvake, pauzima pasina kana zvimwe
semuenzaniso : iye omene, benzi romene, tete vomene.
Maumbirwo ezvirevauwandu.
Chivakashure chechirevauwandu + nzvovera inoshanduka + dzitsi rechirevauwandu
rose r- + - o- + -se
ndega nd- + -e- + -ga
vomene v- +-o- + -mene .
(d) Chisarudzi / Chinan’anuri .(chine madzitsi anoti -no, -ye/-ya na -pi)

Chidudzirazita ichi chinounza pfungwa yekunyurura , kusarudza chinhu kana

kunan’anura kubva pane zvimwe.
Dzitsi -no, rinopa fungwa yechinhu kana zvinhu zviri pedyo sekuti :
Musi uno uyu ndakaenda kwagutu.
Gore rino ndichakohwa

14
Chikoro chino chasvitsa makore makumi mashanu.
Dzitsi -ye. -ye uyu anokwanisa kushanduka kuva -ya uye rinowanzoshandiswa kureva
munhu kana chinhu chambotaurwa nezvacho. Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Chembere iye/ iya yakazoshaika
N’anga iye/ iya yainyepera vanhu
Gore riye takatambura nenzara.

Dzitsi -pi Dzitsi iri rinoburitsa pfungwa yekubvunza semuenzaniso

Munhu akanyangarika ndewepi?
Mari yoshaikwa yakaendepi ?
Maumbirwo ezvisarudzi.
Chivakashure chechisarudzi + dzitsi rechisarudzi
va- +- ye
mu- +- no
-i +- ye
(e) Chiratidzi/ Zviratidzi.
Zviratidzi manzwi anoratidza kana kunongedza pane chinhu. Mienzaniso ndeinoti
Zviratidzi.
mombe idzo
vana ava.
Pane mhando mbiri dzezviratidzi dzinoti :
a. Chiratidzi chepedyo
b. Chiratidzi chekure
(i)Chiratidzi chepedyo.
Chiratidzi ichi chinoratidza zvinhu zviri pedyo nemutauri sekuti :
Dombo iri
Baba ava
Munhu uyu
Maumbirwo echiratidzi chepedyo.
Chitsigisi + chitaridzamupanda

15
 u- +- yu
i-+- ri
(ii) Chiratidzi chekure.
Aya manzwi anotiratidza zvinhu zviri kure nemutauri. Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Gomo iro
Ndege iyo
Mota idzo.
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi zvekure .
Chitsigisi +chiratidzamupanda + nzvovera /-o/.
i-+- dz- +- o
i-+- r- +-o.
(f) Chirevamwene.
Sezvinoreva zita racho chirevamwene chinoratidza mwene kana kuti muridzi
wechinhu. Mienzaniso yezvirevamwene ndeinotevera :
Imba yababa
Gombo rangu
Rwendo rwedu.
Maumbirwo echirevamwene.
Chiwedzerwa chechirevamwene + dzitsi rechirevamwene.
ya- +- baba
we-+-chikoro.
Mabasa ezvirevamwene.
Zvakakosha kuti mwana wechikoro azive mabasa ezvirevamwene ese , uye kuti
dzimwe nguva panogona kubvunzwa pakanzi mhando dzezvirevamwene.
(i) Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza muridzi wechinhu .
Mienzaniso ndeinoti : Hembe yasekuru

 Bindu ramainini. Pfungwa iri kupiwa apa ndeyekuti sekuru ndivo muridzi kana
mwene wehembe uye mainini ndivo muridzi webindu.
 Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza basa rechinhu.
Mari yechema (zvinoreva kuti basa remari iyi ndeyekushandiswa parufu)
Imba yokubikira (zvichireva kuti basa reimba iyi kubikirwa)
Badza rekusakurisa. (zvichireva kuti basa rebadza nderekusakura chete)

16
 (ii) Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza mhando yechinhu.
Doro remukwerera (mhando yedoro)
Mvura yemunamato (mhando yemvura)
Mombe yeumai (mhando yemombe)
(iv)Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza unhu kana tsika.
Chimai chemakuhwa- zvinoreva kuti mai ava vane tsika yekuita makuhwa
Mukomana webhora -zvinoreva kuti mukomana uyu anofarira kutamba bhora.
(v)Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza nzvimbo.
Vana vanogara kwaNembudziya.
Tinobva kwaGutu.
(vi)Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza nguva.
Akaonekwa nguva yehondo
Sadza remanheru.
(vii) Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza zvakagadziriswa zvinhu.
Mota yewaya
Nguwani yemurara.
Bhokisi resimbi.
(viii)Zvirevamwene zvinoratidza panogara zvinhu.
Dendere reshiri.
Dura rezviyo.
Danga rembudzi.

MIBVUNZO YEZVIDUDZIRAMAZITA.

1.Nyatsoongorora mazwi anotevera aya ugopindura mibvunzo iri pasi pawo.

ava ako urwo ichi idzo umu isvo apa utwo iri
(i) Ronga manzwi aya muzvikwata zviviri ugopa zita rechikwata chega chega.
[4]
(ii) Tsanangura maumbirwo emanzwi aya uchipa mienzaniso yakakodzera. [4]

17
2.Ita kuti manzwi anotevera ave zvirevamwene uchishandisa sungawirirano
yechirevamwene yakasiyana panzwi roga roga.
avo mumwe sekuru chena baba
mbudzi Maidei mudanga urwu bere
ini iwe uchi zigadzi sahwira. [8].

REBESO /ZVIVANDURIRO.

Kana kuchinzi Rebeso kana kuti Chivanduriro kureva kuti madzitsi ezviito anogona
kuvandurirwa kana kuti kupamhidzirwa kuti areve zvimwewo zvakasiyana. Chiito
chinorebeswa kana kuvandurirwa zvichibvira pamudzi wacho, saka mwana anofanira
kuziva mudzi wechiito chega chega chaunenge wabvunzwa.

MHANDO DZEREBESO.

(i)Rebeso yekuitira -er-/ -ir-.

Rebeso iyi inoratidza kuitira chinhu kune umwe munhu kana vamwe vanhu. Mitsara
inoratidza rebeso yekuitira ndedzinoti :
Ndabatira mbuya saga ravo.
Nhasi ndaimbira mufundisi nziyo.
Ndafambira mukomana wangu.
(ii) Rebeso yekuitika/ yekwaniso/ yegoneko -ik-/ ek.
Rebeso iyi inoburitsa zvinogona kuitika kana kuti zvinokwanisika kuitika.
Mvura iyi inomwika.
Gombo iri rinorimika.
Chingwa ichi chinochekeka.
(iii).Rebeso yekuitwa -w-/ -ew-/ -iw-.
Parebeso iyi panobuda pfungwa yekuitwa kwechinhu nemuiti.
Ndabatwa ruoko nembavha.

18
Bindu redu radyiwa nembudzi.
Nyama iyi yachekewa nebakatwa.
(iv)Rebeso yekuitirana zvakafanana -an-/ -an-an-/
Pfungwa iri parebeso iyi ndeyekuitirana zvakafanana pakati pevanhu vaviri kana
zvipoka zviviri.
Tapiwa anodanana naChipo.
Madzimai atukana zvakanyanya.
Mhuka idzi dzinodyanana musango.
(v)Rebeso yemamiriro -am-/-arar-
Rebeso iyi inojekesa maratidzikiro kana mamiriro echinhu.
Ganda rake rakakwasharara.
Muti uyu wakakombama.
Chimukuyu ichi chakaomarara.
(vi)Rebeso yenyanyiso -is-/-es-
Sezviri kubiritswa nezita iri rebeso iyi inoratidza kuita zvinhu zvakanyanyisa, kana kuti
zvakapfurikidza mwero.
Kuda asekesa akabuda misodzi.
Mwana adyisa akazvimbirwa.
Macheso aimbisa akashoshoma inzwi.
(vii)Rebeso yekonzero/ yesakiso. -is-, -es-,-dz-, -edz- , -ts-, -nz-,
Rebeso iyi inoratidza kukonzera kana kusakisa kuti zvinhu zviitike.
Ndamhanyisa vana vanga vasingadi kuenda kuchikoro.
Imbwa yamutsa tsuro.
Baba varidza hwamanda.
Mukomana apinza mbudzi mudanga.
Mhosva yako inorovesa.
(viii) Rebeso yemherevedzo -erer-, -irir-
Rebeso iyi inoratidza kuita chinhu nemazvo, kunyatsoita zvinhu kusvika pakuperera.
Blessing aroverera chipikiri pasi.
Mbuya vatukirira munhu arova muzukuru wavo.

19
Murivo uyu wachekererwa zvakanaka.
(ix) Rebeso yepfumvunuro/yekupikisa zvaitwa/ yenhendeshure.-anur-, enur-,onor-,
inur-
Rebeso iyi ndeyekupikisa zvaitwa kana kupfumvunura zvaiitwa zvichidzoserwa pazvange
zviri pakutanga.
Varoyi varoyonora munhu wavakaroya.
Ndanamanura tsamba ndakanganwa kunyora nezvemutambo.
Mukoma varongonora huni pabakwa.
(x)Rebeso yedzokororo. -oror-, -urur-
Rebeso iyi inotijekesera chinhu chinenge chaitwa kaviri kana kupfuura Mienzaniso
ndeinoti :
Takadyarurura chibage charamba kumera.
Mudzidzisi akati tinyatsoongorora mibvunzo.
(xi)Rebeso yewadzano / yebatano -an-.
Rebeso iyi ndeyekuva pamwe kwezvinhu uye haikwanisi kudzokororwa sezvinoitwa
yekuitirana.
Nyoka yakapetana
Mvura yagadzana zvakanaka
Kereke yedu yaungana munhandare.
MUBVUNZO WEREBESO.
1.Shandisa dzitsi rechiito -bata muzvirevo uchishandisa rebeso dzawapiwa.
(i)yekuitira
(ii)yegoneko
(iii)yanyanyiso
(iv)yekuitwa
(v)yekuitirana
(vi)yemherevedzo
(vii)yekonzero +yekuitirana
(viii) yegoneko + yewadzano
(ix) yekonzero + yekuitira + yekuitwa. [12].

20
ZVITARIDZANGUVA.

Chitaridzanguva imhando yechiumbazwi kana kuti chivakiso chinopa pfungwa

pamusoro penguva yekuitika kwechinhu.

Chivakazwi Nguva yachinoziikanwa nayo

-o- Yoda kusvika
-a- Nguva ichangopfuura
-cha- Nguva inotevera
-ka- Nguva yakare
-chi- Chinoshandiswa nedonzvo rezvanga zvichiitika
-i- zvaigaroitika
-no- zvinogaroitika

(a)Chitaridzanguva /-o-/.

Chinoratidza zvoda kuitika kana kuti zvava padyo kuitika. Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Sadza robva roibva.
Mhosva yanga yoda kumubata.
Vana vopinda mukirasi.
(b) Chitaridzanguva /-a-/.
Chinoratidza nguva ichangopfuura kunyanya nguva yapfuura muzuva ranhasi.
-Nhasi ndaona bhora reSpain neBrazil.
-Tarisai arumwa nenyuchi nhasi.
-wadya here nhasi?
(c) Chitaridzanguva /-cha-/
Chitaridzanguva ichi ndechezvisati zvaitika asi zviri kure nekuitika.Mienzaniso ndeinoti.
Mangwana tichanovhima.
Nyika ino ichanaka chete.
Mwedzi unouya ndichavaka imba yakanaka.
(d) Chitaridzanguva /-ka-/

21
Chitaridzanguva ichi ndechenguva yakare kubva zuro zvichidzokera kumashure.
Nyika ino yakambotongwa nemabhunu.
Gore rapera takabirwa.
Mazuva aya takatambura.
(e)Chitaridzanguva /-chi-/.
Chitaridzanguva ichi chinoshanda nedonzvo rezvanga zvichiitika chete.
Vanga vachirwa pandasvika.
Ndawona vachiba mubindu.
Ndasvika vachirwadziwa.
(f)Chitaridzanguva /-no-/
Chitaridzanguva ichi chinoratidza zvinogaroitika mazuva ose.Chinogona zvakare kunzi
chitaridzanguva chenguva yazvino.
Vashandi vanogaroenda kubasa mazuva ose.
Mhuri iyi inorima nzungu.
Tinodzidzira pamushana mazuva ano.
(g) Chitaridzanguva /-i-/
Chitaridzanguva ichi chinoratidza zvaigara zvichiitika munguva yakare asi zvichigona
kunge zvisingachaitiki.
Kare taishandisa mari yemuZimbabwe.
Taidya hwowa husati houraya.
Aida murume wake asati odhakwa.

MIBVUNZO YEZVIRATIDZANGUVA.

1a)Amai vachaenda kuchechi mangwana.

(b)Vana ava vaigara kumusha kwedu.
(c)Nezuro takanyora rondedzero inonakidza.
(d)Ndavaona vachidya nyama .
(e)Mercy aenda kumusha nebhasikoro.
(f)Tendai anoseka sebenzi.

22
(g)Misodzi yanga yoda kubuda.
Mubvunzo :Kubva muchiito chega chega chine mavara makobvu nyurura
chitaridzanguva ugopa zita rechitaridzanguva chimwe nechimwe.

ZVIDUDZIRAZVIITO.

Zvidudzirazviito imhando yezwi inotsanangura maitikiro echiito semashandisirwo

achinenge chaiitwa mundevo kana muchirevo.
MHANDO DZEZVIDUDZIRAZVIITO.

(a)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza nguva.

Varoyi vasvika usiku.
Chibage chinodyiwa muzhezha.
Akatora ngozi munguva yehondo.
(b)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza nzvimbo yakaitika chinhu.
Makonzo anogara mumba.
Muporofita wedu anogara kumasowe.
Baba vaenda kwaGutu kumanyaradzo.
(c)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza chombo kana chinhu chakashandiswa.
Pacherwa nebadza.
Mbuya vakabayiwa netsono.
Tom akapfurwa nepfuti kuZambia.
(d)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza muiti wechinhu.
Chingwa chabiwa nahwindi.
Huku yakadyiwa nenyoka.
Tsamba yanyorwa nemwana.
(e)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza kufanana kwezvinhu.
Rudo ane nyambo saKapfupi.
Nguruve yakakura senjiri.
Kundai anozvida saamai vake.

23
(f)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zviviri.
Mupurisa aperekedzwa naSabhuku.
Aenda kunofudza mombe nomuni’ina wake.
Mufundisi vandoparidza navamwe vavo.
(g)Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza maitikiro echinhu.
Chidudzirachiito ichi chinoratidza mutoo kana nzira yakashandiswa pakuita chinhu
ichi. Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Mbuya vangu vava kunzwa zviri nani.
Afara seachabata denga.
Mvura yanaya zvishoma.
(h) Chidudzirachiito chinoratidza udzamu.
#Chidudzirachiito ichi chinojekesa kuti chinhu chaitika zvakawanda kana kunyanya sei.
Mharidzo yavaMakandiwa takainzwa kasere
Pfuti yarira rutatu
Pavakanzwa nezvemisikanzwa yake vanhu vakashamiswa zvikuru.

MIBVUNZO YEZVIDUDZIRAZVIITO.

1.Shandisa mazwi ari pazasi kuumba zvirevo zvine zvidudzirachiito zvemhando dziri
muzvikomberedzo (brackets)
(i)shumba (chemuiti)
(ii)museve (chechombo)
(iii)chirimo (chenguva)
(iv)gumi (cheudzamu)
(v)danga (chenzvimbo)
(vi)nyama (chechombo)
(vii)sahwira (chewadzano)
(viii)nyanzvi (chefanano) [12].
2.Verenga zvirevo zvinotevera wozopindura mubvunzo uri pazasi pazvo.
(a)Nyaya iyi tainzwa kashanu ufunge zvako.

24
(b)Mwana wake akaenda mhiri kwenyanza nendege.
(c)Tawanda ataura nemukwasha wake nhasi.
(d)Arumwa pagumbo akachema zvinokatyamadza
(e)Benzi rarohwa makumbo nekatsarapu.
(f)Zvikomborero akaenda kwambuya gore rakapera akanofara zvikuru.
(g)Manelisi ava kutofunga semunhu mukuru.
(h)Mutambo wakazovharwa nemukuru wemusha.
#Nyurura ndevo dzezvidudzirachiito kubva muzvirevo izvi ugodoma mhando dzacho
[12]

MADONZVO EZVIITO.

Inzwi rekuti donzvo rinongoreva kuti chinangwa. Kana kwozonzi madonzvo ezviito
zvava kureva kuti chinangwa chechiito pakuburitsa zvinoreva chiito chacho. Donzvo
rinogona kunzi donzo.
Tikatarisa chirevo chinoti :Vasikana imi mhanyai !
Chirevo ichi chine chiito chekuti mhanyai nokudaro pane chinangwa kana pfungwa
yekutuma vasikana ava uti vamhanye . Nemamwe manzwi chirevo ichi chine
chinangwa chikuru chekutuma vasikana ava kuti vamhanye saka chiri mudonzvo
rekutuma.
Mhando dzemadonzvo ezviito.
(a)Donzvo rekurudziro.
Donzvo iri rinokurudzira munhu kuti aite kana kuti arege kuita chimwe chinhu. Chiito
chacho kazhinji chinenge chine chivakashure /-nga-/ kana kuti /-ha-/. Mienzaniso
yezvirevo zviri mudonzvo rekurudziro ndeinotevera.
Ngatibatanei tibvise hudzvanyiriri munyika yedu.
Vana ngavasanyora pamadziro.
Vakomana vose ngavaende kunoimba.
Hatibatanei tichere tsime.
Hatidyei sadza rezviyo ndiro rinovaka muviri.

25
(b)Donzvo renhevedzano/ rezvakatevera.
Donzvo iri rinoratidza chiito kana zviito zvinotevera mushure mechiito chikuru
chinenge chiri mudonzvo rekuudza, seizvinotevera.
Ndakaimba ndikashoshoma .Chiito chekuti ndakaimba chiri mudonzvo rekuudza uye
chinenge chine pfungwa huru inova yekuimba inosusukidzwa nezvakazotevera kunova
kushoshoma.
Mienzaniso.
Ndakafamba ndikazorora.
Takapiwa pokuvata tikavata.
(c) Donzvo rokuita .
Sezvinotaura zita racho donzvo iri rinoburitsa chiito chakaitwa. Nokudaro harinetsi
kuona nekuti pese panenge pashandiswa zviito zvinova zvemumupanda 15 zvinotanga
na ku- mwana anofanira kutoziva kuti ratove donzvo rokuita .
Mienzaniso.
Ndinoda kutamba nziyo ya Chimbetu nhasi.
Amai vanoda kuseka nababa.
Mac ari kunyora bvunzo.
(d) Donzvo rekwaniso.
Donzvo iri rinojekesa zvinogona kuitika kana zvinokwanisa kuitika uye
rinowanzoshandisa chivakiso /-nga-/.
Ndingapasa kana ndikaverenga.
Akaramba achidyisa angangozvimbirwa.
Tavonga angangopenga akaramba achiputa mbanje.
(e) Donzvo rezvanga zvichiitika panguva iyoyo.
#Donzvo iri rinowanzoonekwa nechitaridzanguva /-chi-/.
Tanga tichifudza mombe panaya mvura.
Vana vanga vachinyora parira bhero.
Ndasiya mbuya vachitaura ngano pandabva kumba.
(f)Donzvo rekuudza.
Donzvo iri rinoratidza kuitika kwezvinhu nenguva dzakasiyana -siyana. Nokudaro
rinoshandisa zvitaridzanguva zvakasiyana-siyana sekuti -ka-, -cha-, na -i-.
Mienzaniso ndeinoti :

26
Chikoro chatenga mabhora akawanda.
Mudhorobha muri kunetsa kuwana basa.
Mwedzi unouya tichaenda kumusangano.
(g) Donzvo rokutuma.
Donzvo iri kazhinji rinoshandiswa kutuma munhu kuita chinhu kana kusaita chinhu.
Vana imi ibvai ipapo
Tambai zvakanaka nevamwe.
Idya sadza nekukasira.
Musashambira mudziva iri mune ngwena.
Vasikana vasafamba vega.
(h) Donzvo rechishuwo.
Donzvo rechishuwo rinoburitsa zviri kudiwa kana kushuvirwa nemutauri. Chiito chiri
mudonzvo iri chinowanzotungamirirwa nechiitogama /kuti/ .Uyezve nzvovera
yekupedzisira muchiito chinotevera chiitogama kuti inenge iri /-e/.
Gracious mhanya kuti utangire Prim.
Varume vazhinji vanoda kuti vadhakwe.
#Dzimwe nguve chiitogama chekuti kuti chinenge chisingaonekwi sezvinotevera.
Teerera unzwe.
Kura uone.
(i)Donzvo redudziramuiti/ muitirwi.
Donzvo iri rinonyatsokujekesa muiti nemuitirwi. Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
Vana vanoverenga ndivo vanopasa (muiti)
Madzimai anodada haadiwi muchechi (muiti)
Mombe yakaurayiwa ndeyangu (muitirwi)
Mbavha yapfurwa ndeyepi? (muitirwi)

MIBVUNZO YEMADONZVO.

Zviito zvine mavara akarereka (italics) zviri mumadonzvo api.

1(a) Handei magetsi adzima.

27
(b)Musamurova nokuti anorwara.
(c)Ndakasvika achichekerera nyama mupoto.
(d)Takasvika pavo usiku tikaradzwa nenzara
(e)Vana vakatamba bhora munhandare.
(f)Vakabuda muchitokisi vangafara.
(g)Udza mwana uyo kuti auye kuno ikozvino.
(h) Tamba wakachenjera shamwari.
(i) Nyatsoteerera unzwe nyaya iri pano.
(j) Uya uone mashura padunhu.
(k) Usandipedzere nguva yangu nezvisina basa.
(l) Akarohwa zvinotyisa gumbo ndokutyoka. [12].

MAUMBIRWO EMIBVUNZO.

MUBVUNZO -Tsananguro.
Chinonzi mubvunzo manzwi anotaurwa nemunhu pamusoro pezvaanenge achida
kuziva.
Nzira dzekuumba nadzo mibvunzo /Mhando dzezviumbamubvunzo.
(i) /here?/
Anoshanda here mukwasha wavo?
Shalom unomuziva here?
(ii) Sei?
Unomhanya sei neshangu dzakadaro?
Unodya sei wakatsva mukanwa ?
(iii) –pi?
# Iyi inzira yekubvunza inogona kusarudza
Ndeupi mwana akawana mubairo?
Yabvepi mbeu yakadai?
(iv) Rini?
# Nzira iyi ndeyekubvunza nguva yekuitika kwechinhu.
Uchaenda riini ?
Wakapedzisira rini kutaura naye?
(v) Kani/ kanhi?
Mwana uya anorwara kanhi?

28
 Mota ichauya kani?
(vi) -ngani?
# Nzira iyi ndeyekubvunza uwandu hwezvinhu kuti zvingani, sekuti :
Vanhu vangani vanoda kupiwa chibage?
Korera yakauraya vanhu vangani ?
(vii)/Handiti/
# Nzira iyi inoumba mubvunzo unotarisira mhinduro yekubvumirana nezvabvunzwa
kazhinji kacho.
Handiti mufundisi uyu ndeweZaoga?
Vatengesi vanofanira kuurawa handiti?
(viii) -ani ?
Ndiyani akakuudza izvozvo ?
Ndivanani vachaenda kumunda?
(ix) Hwidzazwi /H/
Nzira iyi hainyatsooneki asi inzwi nje rinogona kusanduka rikava mubvunzo nekuda
kwekuti tinenge takwidza inzwi chete
A B
Munhu Munhu?
Mwana Mwana?
Indege Indege?
Manzwi ari muchikwata b ava mubvunzo nekuda kwekuti pakwidzwa inzwi chete asi
ari muchikwata A haasi mibvunzo nekuti hapana kukwidzwa inzwi.

Mibvunzo yeMaumbirwo emibvunzo.

1. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuumba mibvunzo dzashandiswa mumibvunzo inotevera ?
(a) Iwe chikomana, une makore mangani ?
(b) Wadiiko kuenda nevamwe?
(c) Zigadzi riye rine makuhwa kanhi?
(d) Vana vose vaenda kuchikoro ?
(e) Nyaya yese iyi handiti unoiziva yese sekutaurwa kwayo ?
(f) Tichamuona rinhi kumba kwake?
(g) Wamuudza here zvataurwa nasekuru?
(h) Ndiani aita basa rose iri?
(i) Uchiri kuita basa mumba umo nhai kuzonyarara kudai?
(j) Ko ,zvauya veduwe. ? [12].

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 ZVINDORI.

Chindori chirevo chizere chinenge chashandiswa pasina chiito. Izvi

zvinogoneka nekushandisa mavara anonzi zviwedzerwa.

Maumbirwo echindori

Chindori chinoumbwa nechiwedzerwa chechindori + dzitsi rechindori sekuti :

Zvindori zvinoti imombe
ndibaba

Chiwedzerwa chechindori + dzitsi rechindori.

i- +- mombe
ndi- +-baba
Dzitsi rechindori ndiro rinoita kuti inzwi racho rive chindori sekuti mombe ndiro dzitsi
rechindori pakuumba chindori imombe. Chiwedzerwa chechindori ndi /i/.
Pazasi pane mienzaniso yakajeka yechatinoti, CHIWEDZERWA , DZITSI RECHINDORI
NECHINDORI CHACHO.

Chiwedzerwa Dzitsi Rechindori Chindori

ndi- -sahwira ndisahwira
ha- -ano haano
i- -banga ibanga
/H/ -murume Murume

Tine zviwedzerwa zvezvindori zvina uye zvine manzwi azvinofambirana nawo

sezvicharatidzwa pazasi.

a) /Ndi-/
Ichi chiwedzerwa chinofambirana kana kushandiswa nemazita ose emupanda 1a, 2a
ne 2b.
1a.
Ndi-mbuya
Ndisekuru

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Nditete
ndiTariro
NdiRudo.
2a 2b.
ndivaDhambureni ndiamai
ndivaChikande ndiatete
NdivaMaburutse ndiamainini
ndivaMawere ndiasahwira.

Chiwedzerwa Ndi- ichi chinoshandiswa zvakare nezvisazitasingwi zvese.Chiwedzerwa

ndi- chinobva chasandura zvisazitasingwi zvese kuti zvive zvindori sezviri pazasi.
Zvisazitasingwi Zvindori
ini ndini
isu ndisu
iwe ndiwe

## Zvakakosha kuziva zvakare kuti chiwedzerwa ndi- ichi chine nhoredzera nhatu
dzinoti : nda-, nde- na ndo-. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ndi- uyu anogona kushanduka
shanduka ova ndo-, nda-, kana ndo-.
nda- Nhoredzera yechiwedzerwa iyi inoshandiswa nezvinotevera :
-zviverengo.
-zvinan’anuri/ zvisarudzi
-zviratidzi zvemipanda 2 ne 6.
-mazita emipanda 2a ne 2b.
nda- (zviverengo )
ndavamwe
nda- (zvisarudzi).
ndavano
ndavapi
ndavaye

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nda- (zviratidzi)
ndaaya
ndaava.
nda- (mazita emipanda 2a ne 2b).
ndavasekuru ndaatete
ndavaSithole ndaasahwira
ndavaMoyo ndaamai.
Chiwedzerwa nde- kana ndo-.
Nhodzera idzi dzinobatana nezvidudziramazita zvose kusara kwezvipauro.
ndeyangu (chirevamwene) ndouya musikana benzi (chisarudzi)
ndedzedu (chirevamwene) ndouyu (chiratidzi)
ndezvenyu (chirevamwene) ndokuye (chisarudzi)

(b) Chiwedzerwa /i-/.

Ichi chiwedzerwa chinobatana nemazita nezvipauro zvemipanda 5, 9, ne 10.
igamba ishiri
ibenzi inyoka
ibarwe imbwa.

(c) Chiwedzerwa /Ha-/ chine nhoredzera / he- /

kana ho-/.
Chiwedzerwa ichi chinobatanidzwa nezviratidzi uye zvisarudzi zvine dzitsi /-no/.
hoyo (chiratidzi uyo) hecho (chiratidzi icho )
havo (chiratidzi avo) haano (chisarudzi ano )
hava (chiratidzi ava) hechino (chisarudzi chino)

(d). Hwidzazwi / H/.

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Chiwedzerwa ichi chinoshandiswa nemazita uye zvipauro zvemipanda yose kunze
kwe 1a, 2a, 2b, 5, 9, 10 uye 17a. Chiratidzo chehwidzanzwi kuisa kamutsetse
pamusoro penzvovera.
Mienzaniso ndeinoti :
mu’rume
chi’ngwa
ku’re
mu’kuru
svi’tema.

Mibvunzo yezvindori .

(1a) Ita kuti manzwi anotevera ave zvindori.

baba isu angu apa murimi vano
bere gobvu nhete nyati uyo
mhembwe vanoziva wedu vose unhu [4].
(b) Tsanangura maumbirwo ezvindori uchishandisa zvindori zvawaumba pamusoro
semienzaniso. [8].

2.Zviwedzerwa zvezvindori zvinotevera zvinoumba zvindori nenzira dzipi ?

(i) /ndi/
(ii) /i-/
(iii)ha-/
(iv)/H/ Hwidzazwi.

## Chakakosha kuziva pazvindori ndechekuti chine kudyidzana kwakawanda chose ne

zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinenge zvaitwa zvakaita seMipanda, Zvidudziramazita
nezvisazitasingwi.

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 KEY.
MUSORO WECHIDZIDZO PEJI
1. Mipanda 1-10
2.Zvisazitasingwi 10-11
3.Zvidudziramazita 11-18
4.Rebeso 18-20
5.Zvitaridzanguva 20-23
6.Zvidudzirazviito 23-25
7.Madonzvo ezviito 25-28
8.Maumbirwo emibvunzo 28-29
9.Zvindori 29-33
10.Uvaranomwe 33-36

## Vaverengi vangwarire manzwi akanyorwa nemavara makobvu pane pfungwa inenge

ichida kusimbiswa ipapo.

Compiled by Mr Chikande
Sanyati Baptist.

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