(Draft) Chapter I: Introduction

Introduction
In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP)
technologies have been increasingly integrated into education, particularly in facilitating
learning and improving academic outcomes. One of the most promising developments in this
field is the Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), a machine learning model
that can generate human-like responses to natural language inputs.

ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) is a state-of-the-art AI-based language

model developed by OpenAI. It is a large-scale neural network model that has been pre-
trained on a massive corpus of text data to generate coherent and contextually appropriate
responses to input text. The model uses a transformer-based architecture, which allows it to
generate responses that are more fluent and human-like than previous language models
(Radford et al., 2019).

According to Curtis (2023) Open Ai’s ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer)
is a cutting-edge language model that can produce text that sounds like human speech in
response to a prompt or context. It can comprehend and produce a variety of language styles
and themes because it was trained on a vast data set of internet content. Text creation is one of
ChatGPT's key uses, and it can completely change how we produce information, including
academic articles. The usage of ChatGPT as well as other similar models will make it more
challenging for journal editors to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated
writings as they face the issue of recognizing and discarding papers written by AI.

In the recent study of Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D.,
Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G.,
Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., Kasneci,
G. (2023) big language models have the ability to offer students and professionals at all levels
of education a wide range of advantages and opportunities. They can help students strengthen
their reading, writing, arithmetic, science, and language abilities in addition to giving them
individualized practice materials, summaries, and explanations. These things can enrich
learning experiences and help students perform better. Large language models can also help
with research, writing, and problem-solving tasks and offer other abilities for professional
training in addition to language that is particular to a given subject. However, as was already
indicated, these models should only be used with care because they also have drawbacks
including bias potential and a lack of inter-portability.

Background of the Study

Artificial intelligence chatbots are used in different sectors to provide better service to the
public, including banking systems, customer services, and education. Google and other search
engines are currently being used to find the answers to our questions; however, there are
times when the documents or links provided on the website are irrelevant to the question that
we input, which makes it hard for students to produce concise and comprehensive content due
to the lack of accurate information, which opens the market for creating a system that would
resolve this issue. In the past few years, the rapid advancements in natural language
processing have led to the development of sophisticated chatbot models capable of generating
content by using human-like conversations. One such model is the Chat Generative Pre-
Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), which has gained significant popularity in various fields,
including education. The Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer was released in
November 2022, and since then, the tool has gained 100 million users in the span of two
months. The tool has the ability to search for specific information, generate codes, write and
edit reports and essays, summarize text, and provide mathematical computations and
solutions. Additionally, it can help guide the students in producing quality work with fewer
grammatical errors and comprehensive content while consuming less time. (Halaweh, M.,
2023) However, the use of artificial intelligence chatbots still raises concerns about the
student’s dependency on its function, which could violate academic honesty and contain
inaccuracies and plagiarism (Atlas, 2023; D’Amico et al., 2023; Mhlanga, 2023; van Dis et
al., 2023). Authorities are concerned that by using ChatGPT, students will heavily rely on
these tools to create their own homework and assignments without verifying the validity of
the information provided in the context. Due to these arguments, the researchers aim to
determine the effectiveness of ChatGPT in enhancing the learning outcomes of Grade 12
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students in higher education
institutions, such as the National University of Nazareth School.
Statement of the Problem
Powerful language models like Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer have been made
possible by the AI's rapid progress. (ChatGPT). The purpose of this study is to determine
whether ChatGPT has the ability to improve the academic performance of STEM students in
Grade 12 at National University of Nazareth School or all of the promotions for this AI is just
not liing up to its expectations. This study specifically aims to ascertain the efficiency of
ChatGPT in enhancing students' academic performance and engagement as well as their
perspectives and attitudes concerning the use of AI in academic learning and whether this is
better for the overall performance of the student and their learning.
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of
using Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) as a tool for academic purposes
among Grade 12 STEM students in National University of Nazareth School. Specifically, the
study aims to:
1. Assess the learning outcomes of students in terms of academic achievement and critical
thinking skills after using ChatGPT for academic purposes.
2. Determine the attitudes of Grade 12 STEM students towards the use of ChatGPT in their
academic activities.
3. Explore the challenges and opportunities associated with using ChatGPT in the classroom
setting.
4. Provide recommendations for the integration of ChatGPT as an effective learning tool for
Grade 12 STEM students.
Significance of the Study
This research is of great significance in the field of education because it may affect how
seniors in high school use artificial intelligence. tools for academic use like ChatGPT and this
will help specific organizations and groups in their understanding of how students are
utilizing chatGPT for academic tasks, including teachers, principals, and professors which
will be beneficial to chatGPT's developers because it can give them an overview of any
potential effects, either good or bad, on academic settings. Lastly, this article paper can be
used as a reference by future researchers who wish to study the same subject.

● Students: Students can benefit from this research as this will show the dependency of
the students to AI. This information will hopefully help them to choose rational decisions
when using AI.
● School Staff: With this information, teachers and the higher ups could set boundaries
and rules for students that is using AI. And will probably give them ideas to use AI for
themselves. With this information the staff could pinpoint the students that actually needs to
use AI
● Software Developers: With our research, they would know the target audience that
needs their AI, giving out specific AI for students.
● Department Of Education: They might need our research as this could help them
evaluate the use of AI. Either they will implement it or discourage it.
● Parents: Once they figure out the usage of AI from their children, they might have a
better understanding and an opinion about the usage of AI in education
● Future researchers: In the future, once someone is planning to make a research paper
about ChatGPT or AI usage, they would find our paper a great help to them.

Scope and Limitation

This study will be conducted on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

(STEM) students of NU-Nazareth only by determining who is using ChatGPT and
investigating the learning outcomes of students to their academic.

This study will focus on grade 11 and grade 12 STEM students of NU-Nazareth who are
using an AI tool for their schoolwork or their academics and identify what would be the
outcome if they are too dependent on their schoolwork instead of them working for it.
Mainly our only participants are from NU-Nazareth grade 11 to grade 12 only as we do
not include other strand but primarily concentrate on STEM students