ChatGPT: Effects of Artificial Intelligence to the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 11 STEM

Students
Students

INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the replicating of human intellect in machines, allowing
them to carry out operations that ordinarily demand for human intelligence. Systems based on
artificial intelligence (AI) are made to resemble how humans make decisions and carry out cognitive
tasks like learning and reasoning. These structures assess information, achieve predictions, and adjust
to changing conditions utilizing algorithms, data, and processing power. In recent years, the use of
artificial intelligence in education such as ChatGPT has gained substantial interest. It is crucial for us
to look into how these artificial intelligence-driven innovations may affect the ability to think
independently of Grade 11 STEM students as we begin this exploration. In today's world that has
evolved rapidly, critical thinking, considered a skill set of utmost importance, is necessary for
problem-solving and decision-making. This study seeks to determine if using ChatGPT and
comparable AI tools fosters or inhibits the growth of critical thinking abilities in these adolescents.
We can more effectively influence the future development of AI for educational purposes and its
consequences for student learning by comprehending the potential effects.

RRL
Understanding the effects of ChatGPT to the students has been an active area of research in the field
of education and technology. This research is focused on how artificial intelligence impacts the
students’ critical thinking skills.
In this chapter of the quantitative study, the related literature and studies from different authors is
presented. The focus of the relevant studies are keywords and factors that are deliberated and
discussed in the study. The claims, facts, and other terms such as Artificial Intelligence, OpenAI,
Critical Thinking Skills, and ChatGPT are expressed in the reviews presented here.

The future of medical education and research: Is ChatGPT a blessing or blight in disguise?
(2023, Taha Bin Arif, et al)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10872981.2023.2181052
As per many educationists, ChatGPT is easily used by students enrolled in communication and
philosophy courses to cheat in exams but is easily recognizable. A rising concern is that the students
will eventually lose their ability to produce original ideas and will not be able to present proper
arguments to prove a point.

ChatGPT can hinder students’ critical thinking skills

Artificial Intelligence is changing how students learn to write (2023)
https://www.queensjournal.ca/chatgpt-can-hinder-students-critical-thinking-skills/
Although the societal impact of different forms of AI is hard to predict, ChatGPT has the potential to
disrupt many key learning elements that primary and secondary schools seek to instill in youth.
ChatGPT’s greatest potential for learning disruption may be its impact on student essay writing. If
younger students become too reliant on ChatGPT while learning to write, their critical thinking
development and their motivation to continue learning could suffer.

The Impact of ChatGPT on higher education (2023)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
373602706_The_Impact_of_ChatGPT_on_Higher_Education
The proficiency of ChatGPT spans from assisting in scholarly investigations to finalizing literary
compositions for learners (Roose, 2022; Shankland, 2022). However, students may exploit
technologies like ChatGPT to shortcut essay completion, endangering the growth of essential
competencies (Shrivastava, 2022).

Open AI in Education, the Responsible and Ethical Use of ChatGPT Towards

Lifelong Learning (2023)
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4354422&fbclid=IwAR2g2NuBVAJqlByW-j-
cCOq6QgQgcpJkPIMQF0QfKaXIY4tCSt9yrFyizUk
Because of its sophisticated artificial intelligence capabilities, ChatGPT runs the potential of
reinforcing pre existing prejudices and forms of discrimination, which could result in learning
experiences that are unequal and unfair. In addition, the implementation of such technology in
Educational settings may cause students to become less adept at critical thinking since they may come
to rely excessively on the responses that are generated by AI rather than coming up with their ideas.

ChatGPT in Ukrainian Education: Problems and Prospects (2023)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
373932367_ChatGPT_in_Ukrainian_Education_Problems_and_Prospects
The survey results confirm that one of the common concerns associated with the use of ChatGPT is its
potential impact on traditional essay-based assessment methods. Educators worry that students may
rely on ChatGPT to generate written assignments, as it can quickly produce coherent prose without
triggering plagiarism detectors.

RESPONDENTS
The proponent selected Grade 11 STEM students from Notre Dame of Cotabato, preferably those who
use ChatGPT in answering schoolworks and writing essays. The proponent will randomly select 15
students per section from the 6 STEM classes, totalling to 90 respondents.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• To assess the impact of implementing an AI system like ChatGPT on the critical thinking skills of
Grade 11 STEM students.
• To evaluate the relationship between AI use and student performance in critical thinking tasks.
• To identify the specific areas of critical thinking that are affected by AI use in Grade 11 STEM
students.
• To establish the effectiveness of implementing AI-based tools in promoting critical thinking skills of
Grade 11 STEM students.
• To explore the potential educational implications of AI use in promoting critical thinking skills of
Grade 11 STEM students.

1. Do you use chat gpt?

2. How often do you use chat gpt?
3. Do you gain knowledge from the chat gpt responses?
4. How accurate do you think chat gpt responses are?
5. Do you think chat gpt makes doing your tasks easier?
6. Do you rely on ChatGPT in answering your essays?
7. Do you paraphrase ChatGPT responses?

HYPOTHESIS

Critical thinking abilities may benefit or suffer from the application of artificial intelligence
(AI). Some of the main consequences are as follows:
Automation of repetitive work: AI can automate routine tasks, freeing up human cognitive capacity
for more difficult and critical thinking tasks. This enables people to concentrate on more difficult
decision-making and problem-solving tasks.
Enhanced data analysis: AI algorithms are capable of swiftly and precisely processing and analyzing
enormous amounts of data. By giving people access to pertinent and trustworthy information, this can
assist them in making more informed decisions. It can also help in seeing patterns, trends, and
correlations that humans might not notice right away.
AI systems are trained on current data, which introduces biases and raises ethical questions into
decision-making.
Overuse of AI: Overuse of AI systems may result in a loss of critical thinking abilities. People risk
losing their capacity for autonomous thought and information evaluation if they rely too heavily on AI
to make decisions. Finding the right balance between using AI's capabilities and preserving human
critical thinking abilities is crucial.
AI can support human decision-making by presenting different viewpoints, producing insights, and
recommending potential solutions. This can improve critical thinking abilities by broadening the
range of possibilities and promoting people to take into account other points of view. However, it is
crucial to thoroughly assess AI-generated suggestions rather than accepting them at face value.

While AI is excellent at digesting and interpreting current data, it may have trouble coming
up with original ideas. Critical thinking frequently entails coming up with original ideas, challenging
presumptions, and thinking beyond the box. Human imagination continues to be a crucial talent that
supports AI's analytical ability. In conclusion, critical thinking skills can be challenged by AI as well
as supported. Routine jobs can be automated, and it can improve data analysis and decision-making.
However, it can also bring about biases, cause overdependence, and perhaps even stifle creativity.
Utilizing AI's capabilities while preserving and enhancing human critical thinking abilities is
essential.