INFORME DE LABORATORIO

UNIVERSIDAD DE CARTAGENA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES

PROGRAMA DE QUÍMICA

PRESENTADO POR:

VALENTINA ROCHA DE LA OSSA

LUIS FERNANDO VILLEGAS ARRIETA
MILLER DAVID AHUMADA SIMANCAS
SHADIA MARGARITA PANIZA MENDOZA
MARIA ALEJANDRA BALLESTAS MARRUGO
ESTEFANIA ARGUMEDO POLO

PRESENTADO A :
JOHN CASTRO SUAREZ

03/05/2023
 DESARROLLO DE LA ACTIVIDAD, CUADRO COMPLETO CON SUS RESPECTIVOS CÁLCULOS

Analitos Gram Soluto Gram Volumen Densida % p/p % M m N X

os en os (ml) d p/v soluto
solven gramos soluci solución solución
te ón

NaCl 47,5 2,5 g 50g 50 ml 1,04 5,0 5,2 0,08 0,84 0,0 0,015
g g/cm3 85

NaCl 98g 2,0 g 100g 100ml 1,01 1,98 2,0 0,34 0,37 0,3 0, 0062
g/cm3 4

Niso4 . 6 46,7 3,28g 50 g 50ml 1,05 6,56 6,88 0,25 0.26 0.4 0.0442
H20 g g/cm3 5

Niso4 . 6 46,7 3,28 g 50g 50 ml 0,97 6,56 6,36 0,05 0,37 0,0 0.0041
H20 g g/cm3 4

NaCl 1:
50𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑛 𝑎𝑙 5% 𝑝/𝑝 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
5𝑔
? 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = 50𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑛 . 100 𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑛
= 2, 5 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝑔𝐻20 = 50𝑔 − 2, 5 𝑔 = 47, 5 𝑔 𝐻2𝑂

𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂 𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛ó𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 = 5, 007 𝑐𝑚3

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = 12. 53𝑔 − 17. 78𝑔 = 5, 25𝑔
𝑚
𝑑= 𝑣
5,25
𝑑= 5,062
= 1, 04 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3

𝐿𝑈𝐸𝐺𝑂 𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐸𝐿 %𝑃/𝑉

% 𝑝/𝑝 . 𝑑 = %𝑝/𝑣
5, 0 × 1, 04 = 5, 2 %𝑝/𝑣

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑀= 𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝐿 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
2,5
𝑛= 58,44

𝑛 = 0, 04 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐼𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝐿 𝐴 𝐿
 1𝐿
50 𝑚𝑙 × 1000𝑚𝑙
= 0, 5 𝐿
0,04
𝑀= 0,5
𝑀 = 0, 08 𝑀

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷
1 𝐾𝑔
47, 5 𝑔 × 1000 𝑔
= 0, 0475

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑚= 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0,04
𝑚= 0,0475
𝑚 = 0, 84 𝑚

𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑁= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐿 ×𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔

58,5
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔 = 1
= 58, 5
2,5
𝑁= 0,5×58,5
𝑁 = 0, 085𝑁

𝐹𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑛

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
47,5𝑔
𝑛= 18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛 = 2, 63 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐴𝑍𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐸𝑁 𝐿𝐴 𝐹Ó𝑅𝑀𝑈𝐿𝐴:

0,042
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0,042 + 2,63
0,042
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 2,68
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0, 015 𝑋

NaCl 2:

2 * 100 𝑎𝑙 2% 𝑝/𝑣 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

2𝑔
? 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 = 100 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑛 . 100 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑛
= 2, 00 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝑔𝐻20 = 100𝑔 − 2, 0 𝑔 = 98 𝑔 𝐻2𝑂

𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸 𝐿𝐴 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛ó𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 = 5, 062 𝑐𝑚3

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = 17, 65 𝑔 − 12, 53 𝑔 = 5, 12𝑔
𝑚
𝑑= 𝑣
5,12
𝑑= 5,062
= 1, 01 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 %𝑃/𝑃

𝑝/𝑝 × 𝐷 = 𝑝/𝑣

𝐷𝐸𝑆𝑃𝐸𝐽𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆

𝑝/𝑣 2
𝑝/𝑝 = 𝐷
= 1,01
𝑝/𝑝 = 2, 00

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑀= 𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝐿 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
2,0
𝑛= 58,44

𝑛 = 0, 034 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐼𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝐿 𝐴 𝐿

1𝐿
100 𝑚𝑙 × 1000𝑚𝑙
= 0, 1 𝐿
0,34
𝑀= 0,1
𝑀 = 0, 34 𝑀

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

1 𝐾𝑔
90 𝑔 × 1000 𝑔
= 0, 090 𝐾𝑔

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑚= 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0,034
𝑚= 0,090
𝑚 = 0, 37 𝑚
𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑁= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐿 ×𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔

58,5
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔 = 1
= 58, 5
2,0
𝑁= 0,1×58,5
𝑁 = 0, 34𝑁

𝐹𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑛

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
98 𝑔
𝑛= 18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛 = 5, 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐴𝑍𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐸𝑁 𝐿𝐴 𝐹Ó𝑅𝑀𝑈𝐿𝐴:

0,034
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0,034 + 5,4
0,034
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 5,434
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0, 0062 𝑋

Niso4 . 6 H20, 1:

0,25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 262,84 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

? 𝑔 𝑁𝑖𝑠𝑜4 . 6 𝐻20 = 50 𝑚𝑙 𝑠𝑙𝑛 × 1000 𝑚𝑙
× 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 3, 28 𝑔 𝑁𝑖𝑆𝑜4 . 6𝐻2𝑂

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 50 𝑔 − 3, 28
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 46, 72

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷
3
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛ó𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 = 5, 007𝑐𝑚
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = 17. 79 − 12, 53 = 5, 26𝑔

𝑚
𝑑= 𝑣
5,26 𝑔 3
𝑑= 5,007 𝑚𝑙
= 1, 05 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 %𝑃/𝑃

𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑝/𝑝 = 𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
× 100
3,28𝑔
𝑝/𝑝 = 50 𝑔
× 100
𝑝/𝑝 = 6, 56

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 %𝑃/𝑉

𝑝/𝑝 × 𝐷 = 𝑝/𝑣

Hallamos la molalidad:

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
m= 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑘𝑔 * 𝑃𝑀
3.28
= 0.0467*262
=0.268 m

Hallamos la normalidad
𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑁= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐿 ×𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔

286,16
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔 = 2
= 143, 08

3.28
= 0.05*143.8
=0.456 N

Hallamos la fracción molar

𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑛
3.28
#Moles soluto= 262 =0.012
4.67
#Moles solvente= 18 = 0.259

0.012
X soluto = 0.259+0.012
=0.0442

Niso4 . 6 H20, 2:

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 50 𝑔 − 3, 28
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 46, 72

𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑀𝐸𝑅𝑂 𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛ó𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 =5, 007 𝑐𝑚3
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 =12. 53 − 17. 49 = 4. 96𝑔

𝑚
𝑑= 𝑣
4,96
𝑑= 5.062
= 0, 97 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 %𝑃/𝑃

𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑝/𝑝 = 𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
× 100
3.28𝑔
𝑝/𝑝 = 50𝑔
× 100
𝑝/𝑝 = 6, 56

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 %𝑃/𝑉

𝑝/𝑝 × 𝐷 = 𝑝/𝑣
6, 56 × 0, 97 = 0, 97
𝑝/𝑣 = 6, 36

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑀= 𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐼𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝐿 𝐴 𝐿

1𝐿
50 𝑚𝑙 × 1000𝑚𝑙
= 0, 5 𝐿

0,0035
𝑀= 0,5
𝑀 = 0, 007 𝑀

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸𝐿 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
3,28
𝑛= 286.16

𝑛 = 0. 011 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑒 (𝑁𝑖𝑆𝑂4)6𝐻2𝑂

𝐻𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐴𝑀𝑂𝑆 𝐿𝑂𝑆 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐺𝑈𝐴

𝑔
𝑛= 𝑃𝑀
 47,5𝑔
𝑛= 18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛 = 2, 63 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎

𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

1 𝐾𝑔
46, 7 𝑔 × 1000 𝑔
= 0, 0467 𝐾𝑔

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑚= 𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0,011
𝑚= 0,0467
𝑚 = 0, 023 𝑚

𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀𝐴𝐿𝐼𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑁= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝐿 ×𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔
286,16
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣 𝑔 = 2
= 143, 08
3,28
𝑁 = 0,5×143,08
𝑁 = 0. 04𝑁

𝐹𝑅𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁 𝑀𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝑂

𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑛
0.011 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0,011 + 2,63
0,011
𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 2,641

𝑋 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 = 0. 0041𝑋