Relative Clauses‫عبارات الوصل‬

:‫ يستخدم ضمير الوصل لربط جملتين و يحل محل اسم أو ضمير موجود غالبا في الجملةالثانية‬
:who ‫ فتحل محل المفعول فقط و غالبا تستخدم مكانها‬whom ‫ أما‬.‫ لتحل محل الفاعل أو المفعول‬who ‫ستخدم‬
- The woman who was injured in the accident is in hospital.
- The boy (who / whom / that) I wanted to talk to was not at home.
:)‫أيضا‬verb to be‫يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل في الحاالت اآلنية (مع ضرورة حذف‬
: ‫إذا كان بعده مبنى للمجهول‬
- The man who was injured was taken to hospital in the accident.
:)‫إذا كان بعده جار و مجرور (حرف جر واسم‬
- The boy who is in the library wants to borrow some books..
:‫إذا كان بعده اسم أو صفة بعدها اسم‬
- Professor Magdy Yacoub who is a famous heart surgeon was interviewed on TV.
v.+ ing:‫نستخدم‬Active ‫إذا حذف ضمير الوصل و كانت الجملة مبنى للمعلوم‬
- Students who arrived late missed the start of the experiment.
:‫ ال يسبقهما حرف جر‬that / who ‫الحظ أن‬
- This is Ali about whom I told you.
This is Ali who I told you about. This is Ali that I told you about.
the first /: ‫ بدال من عبارة الوصل اذا كان ضمير الوصل في الجملة يحل محل الفاعلوفيحالة وجود ما يلي‬.to + inf‫يمكن استخدام‬
the second / the last / the only
- Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

:‫ لتحل محل الفاعل و المفعول غير العاقل‬which ‫تستخدم‬

- Hala works for a company which manufactures computers.
- The shoes don’t fit very well which Nadia bought.
: ‫إال إذا وضعنا حرف الجر بعد الفعل‬which‫بدال من‬that‫ال يمكن استخدام‬
- The train (which / that) I came by arrived late.
there‫و حرف جر إذا كانت تدل على مكان أو بدال من‬which‫بدال من‬where‫ستخدم‬
- This is the school which I learned in. (/ where)
- This is the school where I learned in.
- He went to England where he studied medicine.
:‫و حرف جر إذا كانت تدل على زمن‬which‫بدالمن‬when‫تستخدم‬
- June is the month when I go on holiday.
- June is the month which I go on holiday in.
 what = the thing(s) that / everything that‫الحظ ان‬
- What happened was my fault. - Did you hear what they said?
‫ و صفات الملكية و هى‬s’‫للملكية و تحل محل اسم متبوع بـ‬ whose ‫تستخدم‬
my/his/her/its/our/you/their
- We met a lady whose daughter has just got married.
:‫الحظ أن هناك نوعان من عبارات الوصل‬
who / which /‫ النوع األول يعطي معلومة أساسية عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه ونستخدم في هذا النوع‬
. ‫بدالمن ضمائر الوصل المذكورة‬that‫ ويمكن استخدام‬.‫قبل أو بعد عبارة الوصل‬comma‫وال نستخدم‬whom
- The supermarket which Miss O'Connor works for buys vegetables from Fruco.
- The man that Ibrahim met at the airport was from Scotland.

‫قبل وبعد‬comma‫والنوع الثاني ال تقدم عبارة الوصل معلومة هامة عن الشيء أو الشخص أو المكان الذي نتحدث عنه وال بدمن استخدام‬
:‫في هذا النوع‬that‫عبارة الوصل و ال تستخدم‬
- Mr Wong, who has just arrived in Egypt, is the chief buyer for a Chinese company.
- The company, which is in Beijing, employs 1,000 people.
:‫ بعد صفات التفضيل لإلشارة إلي غير العاقل‬that ‫الحظ استخدام‬
:who ‫ أو‬that‫وفي حالة وجود عاقل مع صفات التفضيل يمكن أن نستخدم‬
- This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
He was the best player that / who ever played football.
all / much / little :‫بعد الكلمات اآلتية‬that‫عادةتستخدم‬
- That was all that he had said.
:‫الحظ هذه الصيغة‬
It + is / was + ‫اسم عاقل‬+ who / that … It + is / was + ‫ اسم غير عاقل‬+ which / that …

- Tom paid the bill. (It was) It was Tom who / that paid the bill.
- The traffic delayed us. (It was) It was the traffic which / that delayed us.

:‫البد من استخدام ضمير الوصل إذا جاء في مكان الفاعل و بعده الفعل‬
- The man who lives next door comes from El-Arish.
- I put the eggs that were here on the fridge.

1. There's somebody………….…. wants you on the telephone .

a) when b) who c) where d) which
2. Amir , ………….…. lives in Beni-Suef ,, got Ph.D. last year .
a) whom b) where c) whose d) who
3. I told you about the woman………….…. lives next door.
a) whose b) which c) where d) who
4. you see the man………….….? He is a politician.
a) who is talking b) which is talking c) which was talking d) when was talking
1. The story, ………….…. we read in unit 2 , was called Gulliver's Travels .
a) who b) which c) where d) when
2. Al-Ahly is the only club………….…. has become the club of the century in Africa .
a) whom b) that c) when d) who
3. The umbrella………….…. I bought in Pairs needs repairing.
a) who b) whose c) that d) whom
4. We are talking about the car………….…. has a red roof.
a) which b) who c) where d) when
5. We live in a house………….…. was built in 1960 .
a) which b) where c) when d) who
6. The boy , ………….…. leg was broken, was sent to hospital .
a) which b) that c) who d) whose
7. MrAli , ………….…. secretary resigned two weeks ago , has had to do all his own typing.
a) that b) who c) whose d) whom
8. Ahmed………….…. son passed the exam, gave a big party.
a) whose b) whom c) which d) who
9. This is the boy………….…. dog attacked me .
a) who b) whose c) which d) that
10.Have you met the man ………….…. daughter is going to marry ?
a) that b) whose c) what d) which

Homework
A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
11.That's the place………….…. the accident occurred.
a) which b) when c) that d) where
12.He wasn't looking forward to the time………….…. he would have to leave .
a) which b) when c) where d) that
13.July is the month………….…. they go to Sharm EI-Sheikh .
a) when b) where c)which d) how
5. My mother, ………….…. , is the best person in the world.
a) which I love b) where I love c)that I love d) who I love
6. My best friend is someone………….…. is always there to help me .
a) whose b) when c) which d) who
14.This is the wallet………….…. yesterday.
a) I bought it b)which I bought it c) which I bought d)that I bought it
15.We met a woman………….…. husband went to school with my father.
a) that b) which c) who d) whose
16.Waleed , ………….…. wife is English, often travels to England.
a) whose b) who c) that d) whom
17.What was the name of your friend………….…. tent we borrowed .
a) whose b) which c) that d) who
18.His wife , ………….…. name was Sylvia Plath , was a famous American poet .
a)that b)whom c)who d)whose
19.Dalia is my friend ………….…. sister lives in London .
a) whose b) who c) that d) which
20.The teacher is someone………….…. lessons I enjoy .
a) that b) when c) whose d) which