If ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

‫مضارع بسيط‬if ‫مضارع بسيط‬

.. ‫ تستخدم الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن حقيقة علمية أو عادة‬-
..‫ و المعنى ثابت ال يتغير‬if ‫ مكان‬when ‫ في الحالة الصفرية يمكن استخدام‬-
‫ حقائق علمية‬:
1-If you heat water, it boils.‫لو أنك تسخن الماء فإنه يغلي‬.
2-Water vaporizes if it boils. ‫الماء يتبخر إذا غلى‬.
3-If you pour hot water onto ice, it melts.
‫ فإنه يذوب‬، ‫لو أنك تصّب الماء الساخن على الثلج‬.
4-Metals expand if they are heated. ‫المعادن تتمدد إذا ُس ّخ نت‬.
5-If water freezes, it turns into ice. ‫لو تجمد الماء تحول إلى ثلج‬.
6-If a volcano erupts, it sends dust into the atmosphere.
‫إذا انفجر البركان فإنه يرسل غبارًا في الجو‬.
7-If clouds form, rain falls.‫إذا تكونت السحب سقط المطر‬.
‫ عادات‬:
1-If I have time, I usually walk to school.
2- If I don't get enough sleep I get a headache.

Choose:
2-If water is heated to 100°C ,it …….. to steam.
(turns – turned – had turned – would turn)
2-If I ….. to bed late, I feel dreadful in the morning.
(go – went – had gone – was gone)

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 ‫‪If‬‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫) المصدر ( ‪will +‬‬
‫‪will +‬‬ ‫‪ )if‬المصدر (‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫‪ ‬يمكن استخدام أفعال ناقصة أخرى في الحالة األولى غير ‪ will‬مثل ‪may/ can /‬‬
‫‪must / should‬‬
‫‪‬تدل الحالة األولى علي احتمال وقوع الحدث ‪:‬‬
‫‪ If I earn some money, I'll go abroad.‬‬
‫‪.‬إذا أنا كسبت بعض المال ‪ ،‬سوف أسافر إلى الخارج‬
‫‪ We'll visit Mr. Magdy if we have enough time,‬‬
‫‪.‬سنزور مستر مجدي إذا كان لدينا وقت كاِف‬

‫‪ ‬وقد تعبر الحالة األولى عن موقف ربما يكون حقيقي في المضارع‪(:‬أسلوب عرض)‬
‫‪ If you are hot, I'll buy you a cool drink.‬‬
‫‪.‬لو أنت حران سأحضر لك شرابًا باردًا‬

‫‪ ‬في الحالة األولى يمكن استخدام فعل أمر أو نهي في جملة جواب الشرط ‪:‬‬
‫‪If‬‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫أمر أو نهي‬
‫أمر أو نهي‬ ‫‪if‬‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫‪**If you see Mr. Magdy, give him this message, please.‬‬
‫‪.‬إذا رأيت مستر مجدي أعطه هذه الرسالة من فضلك‬
‫‪**If you are ill, don't go to work today.‬‬
‫‪.‬لو أنت مريض ال تذهب إلى العمل اليوم‬
‫‪**Take an aspirin if you have a headache.‬‬
‫‪.‬خذ أسبرين إذا كان عندك صداع‬

‫‪ ‬في الحالة األولى يمكن استخدام (المصدر‪ )+ it is + adj. + to‬في جملة جواب‬
‫الشرط ‪:‬‬
‫‪If‬‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬ ‫المصدر‪it is + adj. + to +‬‬
‫‪It is + adj. + to +‬‬ ‫‪if‬المصدر‬ ‫مضارع بسيط‬

‫‪. If you go to Cairo, it is possible to find work there‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 .‫لو أنت ذهبت إلى القاهرة من الممكن أن تجد عمًال هناك‬

if : ‫ الحظ صيغة السؤال مع‬

Write questions using the words in brackets:
1-I will call the police if I lose all my money. (What)
**What will you do if you lose all your money?
**What will happen if you lose all your money?
2-If he finds himself in a dangerous situation, he will escape.(What)
**What will he do if he finds himself in a dangerous
situation?
**What will happen if he finds himself in a dangerous
situation?
:‫ في الحالة األولي‬If ‫يمكن استخدام الكلمات اآلتية بدال من‬

As long as = If
Provided (that) / Providing (that) = only if

You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully.

Provided that you have a lot of money, you can buy this car.

if ‫ بدال من‬in case of ‫الحظ استخدام‬

In case of + n. / (v+ing)
 If he arrives tomorrow, we’ll meet him.
In case of his arrival tomorrow, we’ll meet him.
In case of his arriving tomorrow, we’ll meet him.

. ‫تستخدم الحالة األولى للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلى‬

- If Ali trains hard, he will win the match.
. ‫ تعبر عن عمل توقعات ووعود فى المستقبل‬-
- If I find his phone number, I’ll ring you.

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 If Present Simple ‫فعل أمر‬, ‫مضارع بسيط‬
If you have a headache, take an aspirin.

If ( 2 )
If ( 2 )  ‫ ماضى بسيط‬ (would / could / might) + ( ‫) المصدر‬
‫ تستخدم الحالة الثانية للتعبير عن افتراض في الحاضر أو موقف خيالى أو غير حقيقى‬-
- If you fell, you would hurt yourself.
. ‫ تعبر عن شئ غير محتمل حدوثه‬-
- If I had a lot of money, I’d buy a new car.
. ‫ تعبر عن إعطاء النصيحة‬-
- If I were you, I’d give up smoking.
If ( 3 )
If ( 3 )  ‫ماضى تام‬ (would / could / might) + have + P.P
. ‫تعبر عن افتراض في الماضي أومواقف مستحيلة ألنها لم تحدث فى الماضى‬
- If he had run quickly, he’d have won the race.
- If he had played well, he wouldn’t have lost the match.
.‫ في الحالتين الثانية و الثالثة نفترض عكس الواقع‬:‫مالحظ ة‬
.)‫ (في الحالتين الثانية و الثالثة‬only if ‫نستخدم‬
If only I had run quickly, he’d have won the race.
.)‫ (في الحالة األولى غالبًا‬only if ‫ونستخدم‬
I'll lend you my book , but only if you promise to bring it back.

Unless = If not
‫ من النفي إلى اإلثبات‬if ‫ نحول جملة‬... ) If ( ‫ ) بدال من‬Unless ( ‫ عند إستخدام‬
. ‫ أما جملة جواب الشرط فتبقى كما هي سواء كانت منفية أو مثبتة‬...
If you didn’t read the book carefully, you wouldn’t understand it.
= Unless you read the book carefully, you wouldn’t understand it.

1-If you didn't help her, she wouldn't succeed. (Use :Unless)
…………………………………………………………………………………..

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 Choose:
1-If you pour hot water onto ice, it ………
(melts – would melt – would have melted – melted)
2-If water is heated to 100°C ,it …….. to steam.
(turns – turned – had turned – would turn)
3-If I don't get enough sleep I ……… a headache.
(get – got – had got – would have got)
2-If I ….. to bed late, I feel dreadful in the morning.
(go – went – had gone – was gone)

1-If he ...... on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.

(go – goes – went – had gone)
2-Mr Magdy ….… a party if his son graduates from the university.
(will give – would give – would have given – gives)
3-What ........... if I pressed this button ?
(will happen – would happen – would have happened – happened)
4-He would have been arrested if he ............... to leave the country.
(try – tries – tried – had tried)
5-If I ........... the thief, I would have reported the police.
(see – saw – had seen – seeing)
6-If he ............ hard, he would have a lot of money.
(work – works – worked – had worked)
7-He ............. a doctor if he had a headache.
(sees – will see – would see – would have seen)

8-If you ...... behave politely, I won't get you anything.

(didn't – don't – haven't – hadn't)

9-If the dress .........expensive, I wouldn't buy it.

(wasn't – is – were – had)
10-If water is heated , it ........ (boil – boiled – boils – would boil)
11-If you answer well, you …………. a reward.
(would get – will get – would have got – wouldn't get)
13-What......... if you lost the key to your flat?

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a) will you do b) do you do c) would you do d) have you
done
14-The bus won't stop ............ you wave to it.
(if - unless – so – though)
15-Unless you ......for information, he wouldn't tell you anything.
(didn't ask – ask – asked – had asked)
.Unless I had enough money, I.......... buy a new computer -16
a) will b) won't c) would d) wouldn't
17-.............I succeed, I won't go to university.
(If – Unless – When – While)

:‫(في الحالة األولى) ونضع بدًال منها‬if ‫يمكن حذف‬

provided that‫بشرط أن‬ so long as ‫طالما‬
provided‫بشرط أن‬ as long as ‫طالما‬
providing that ‫بشرط أن‬ in case ‫في حالة أن‬
providing‫بشرط أن‬ just in case ‫في حالة أن‬
in the event that ‫ في حالة أن‬... only if ‫فقط إذا‬
Rewrite:
1-You’ll succeed if you study hard. (as long as)

2-Samar will bring you a sweater if it gets cold. (in case)

3-If you rest, you'll make a full recovery. (Provided)

:‫(في الحالتين الثانية والثالثة) ونضع بدًال منها‬if ‫ويمكن حذف‬

‫على افتراض أن‬ ‫على افتراض أن‬ ‫تخيل أن‬ ‫افترض أن‬
assuming / assuming that / Imagine / Suppose / if only

Rewrite:
1-If you found a wallet full of money , would you keep it? (Suppose)

2-If you won a trip for two to Alexandria, would you take your mum?
(Imagine)
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 In case of

With V. ing / n.

By
Rewrite:
1-If you pass your tests, you'll get a good job. (In case of)

2-If he doesn't eat good food, he will be weak. (In case of)

3-In case of her hard study, she will join the university. (If)

4-If you study hard, you will succeed. (By ....)

5-By looking out of the window, you'll see the sea. (If)

Choose:
1-I won't go to the cinema ............... not having money.
(unless – if – as long as – in case of)

If not ‫ أو‬Unless ‫ بدًال من‬Without ‫ و‬But for ‫نستخدم‬

But for ‫لوال‬
V. ing / n.
Without ‫بدون‬
Rewrite:
1-If she didn’t attend the party ,she wouldn’t see her friends. (But for)

2-Unless you run fast, you will lose. (Without)

3-But for his reading, he would forget lots of information. (Unless / If)

4-Without hard work, he wouldn't come first. (Unless / If)

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 Choose:
1-Without .........well, he wouldn't be a sports star.
(play – played – playing – plays)

‫ بدون‬Without = But for‫لوال‬

= If it weren’t for = If it hadn’t been for

‫فى الحالة الثانية‬ ‫فى الحالة الثالثة‬
* Without his apology, I wouldn’t forgive him. ( If it )
» If it weren’t for his apology, I wouldn’t forgive him.

* But for playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won the cup. ( If it )
» If it hadn’t been for playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won
the cup.

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 If

Should Were Had

‫فى الحالتين‬ ‫فى الحالة الثانية‬ ‫فى الحالتين الثانية‬
‫األولى والثانية‬ ‫والثالثة‬

( 1 ) Should :
: ‫ ) وتصبح القاعدة كاآلتى‬If ( ‫ ) بدال من‬Should ( ‫ من الممكن أن تحل‬-
Should + ( ‫ ) الفاعل‬+ ( ‫) المصدر‬
* If she studies hard, she will get high marks. ( Should )
----» Should she study hard, she will get high marks.

 Rewrite :
1-If they started work , they would be able to accomplish it. (Should)

2-Should she help her friends, they will love her. (If)

3-Should they buy the ticket, they would see the film. (If)

2- Were :
: ‫ ) بطريقتين‬If ( ‫ ) بدال من‬Were ( ‫ من الممكن أن تحل‬-
: ‫ ) موجودة فى الجملة تحول الجملة بالطريقة التالية‬Were ( ‫ إذا كانت‬-1
Were + ( ‫ ) الفاعل‬+ …………..
* If she were a doctor, she would help us. ( Were )
----» Were she a doctor, she would help us.

: ‫ ) غير موجودة فى الجملة تحول الجملة بالطريقة التالية‬Were ( ‫ إذا كانت‬-2

Were + ( ‫ ) الفاعل‬+ to + ( ‫) المصدر‬
* If he trained well, he would win the cup. ( Were )
----» Were he to train well, he would win the cup.

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 Rewrite :
1-If she were a policewoman, she would catch the thief. (Were)

2-If I got up early, I would catch the bus. (Were)

3- Had :
: ‫ ) وتصبح القاعدة كاآلتى‬If ( ‫ ) بدال من‬Had ( ‫ من الممكن أن تحل‬-
Had + ( ‫ ) الفاعل‬+ …………

* If he had played the match well, he would have won the cup. ( Had )
----» Had he played the match well, he would have won the cup.

* If he had enough money, he would play tennis. ( Had )

----» Had he enough money, he would play tennis.
 Rewrite :
1-If she had lunch, she wouldn't be hungry. (Had)

2-If we had looked for it, we would have found it. (Had)

 Choose
1- Had it rained so heavily, we …….. floods.
(would have – may have – would have had – wouldn't have had)

1-……….. not doing your homework, you will be punished.

(Unless – Without – But for – In case of)
2-..........she to eat healthy food, she wouldn't get ill.
(Were – Had – Should – In case)

so = therefore = consequently = thus = That's why = accordingly

: So ‫ ) بدًال من‬If ( ‫* عند إستخدام‬
. ‫ وال نعكس الجملتين‬so ‫ نحذف‬-1
. ) If ( ‫ نحدد حالة‬-2
. ‫ نستخدم الحالة األولى‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة األولى مستقبل أو أمر‬-

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 . ‫ نستخدم الحالة الثانية‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة األولى مضارع‬-
. ‫ نستخدم الحالة الثالثة‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة األولى ماضى‬-
. ‫ ننفى المثبت ونثبت المنفى‬-3
) ‫ هى الحالة األولى‬If ‫( من الممكن اإلستغناء عن هذه الخطوة إذا كانت الحالة المستخدمة لــ‬
* He will come tomorrow so I’ll meet him. ( If )
----» If he comes tomorrow, I will meet him.

* He doesn’t take any exercise, so he is fat. ( If )

----» If he took some exercise, he wouldn’t be fat.

* She didn’t study hard, so she failed the exam. ( If )

----» If she had studied hard, she wouldn’t have failed the exam.

* He isn’t rich, so he won’t buy the car. ( If )

----» If he were rich, he would buy the car.
 Rewrite :
1-She will buy a new dress, so she will be happy. (If)
2-He doesn't study hard, so she won't pass the test. (If)
3-She isn't a goose, so she can't swim in the canal. (If)
4-I felt ill, so I didn't go to school. (If)
5-It's possible I'll buy a new car. If so, I'll give you a lift.(If)
6-She doesn't have money, so she can't buy a car. (Were)

because = as = since = for

: because ‫ ) بدًال من‬If ( ‫* عند إستخدام‬
. ‫ نعكس الجملتين‬because ‫ نحذف‬-1
. ) If ( ‫ نحدد حالة‬-2
. ‫ نستخدم الحالة األولى‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة الثانية مستقبل أو أمر‬-
. ‫ نستخدم الحالة الثانية‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة الثانية مضارع‬-
. ‫ نستخدم الحالة الثالثة‬..... ‫ إذا كان زمن الجملة الثانية ماضى‬-
. ‫ ننفى المثبت ونثبت المنفى‬-3
) ‫ هى الحالة األولى‬If ‫( من الممكن اإلستغناء عن هذه الخطوة إذا كانت الحالة المستخدمة لــ‬
 Rewrite :
1-I'll clean the house because a guest will visit us. (If)

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2-We love him because he is modest. (If)

3-I didn't wear my jacket because it wasn't cold . (If)

4-They lost the match because they didn't play well. (If)

‫ ) نحذف الرابط و تتغير جملة واحدة من الجملتين من‬or / otherwise ( ‫ إذا كان الرابط بين الجملتين‬
. ‫حيث النفى واإلثبات‬
* Hurry up or you won’t catch the train. ( If )
----» If you hurry up, you will catch the train.

* Get up early, otherwise, you will miss the bus. ( If )

----» If you don't get up early, you will miss the bus.
 Rewrite :
1-Don't swim in the canal ,or you'll catch a disease. (If)

I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.
4. if not
used to say what the situation will be if something does not happen
I hope to see you there but, if not, I'll call you.
We'll have the party in the garden if the weather's good. If not (= If the weather is not good) ,
it'll have to be inside.

If she hadn't called, I wouldn't have known.

I wouldn't work for them (even) if they paid me twice my current salary.
If disturbed, the bird may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.

2. although
She's a lovely woman, even if she can be a bit tiring at times.
LITERARY It was a hot, if windy day.

4. used to mean 'if it is true that'

I'm very sorry if I've offended you.

if /ɪf/ conjunction REQUEST

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 6. used when you want to make a polite request or remark
If you'd like to take a seat, Mr Chang will be with you in a moment.
Would you mind if I open/opened (= Can I open) the window?
There are, if you don't mind me saying so, one or two problems with this plan.

if /ɪf/ conjunction WHETHER

5. (used to introduce a clause, often in indirect speech ) whether
Mrs Kramer rang half an hour ago to ask if her cake was ready.
I don't care if he likes it or not - I'm coming!
I was wondering if you'd like to come to the cinema with me this evening?

If and whether are both used to introduce clauses mentioning

things that someone asks about or is uncertain about :
I’m not sure if I heard him correctly.
I don’t know whether he is guilty.

Whether can also be used after a preposition, before the

phrase 'or not', and before a 'to' infinitive, but if cannot :
the question of whether (NOT if) the injuries had caused
Mary’s death
He won’t decide whether to become a candidate until next
year.

Exercise
Choose :
3-Plastic …… if it gets too hot.
(will melt – would melt – would have melt – melting)

3- We’ll stay at home if it …………..

(rains – rained – had rained – was raining)
4-If I …… him ,I’ll tell him. (see – saw – had seen – seeing)
5-If she ……. home by midnight, call the police.
(didn't come – hadn't come - hasn’t come – were coming)
6-The TV …….. if the aerial is not connected.
(won't work – wouldn't work – wouldn't have worked)
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 2-If you need money, I …….. you some.
(can lend – would lend – would have lend – lent)
5- If anyone ….. for me, please tell them I'll be back in the office at
4 o'clock. (rings - had rung – rang – ringing)
6-We …….. with that problem if and when it arises.
(deal - 'll deal – 'd deal – 'd have dealt)
7-The star is difficult to see …… the sky is very clear.
(if – unless – without – by)
8-Drink plenty of water – otherwise you ……. become dehydrated.
(will – would – would have - were)
16-It is best to keep a medical kit ready ……….emergency.
(in case - in case of – just in case)
17-Anyone can join the course, provided that there …….. space
available. (is – was – were – had been)
1-If someone gave me the money, I…….a car tomorrow.
(will buy – would buy – would have bought – am going to buy)
3-If I didn’t apologize, I ……. guilty.
(’d feel – 'd have felt – 'll feel – felt)
4-If Dad …… here, he would know what to do.
(is – were – had been – has been)
21-I wouldn’t tell you even if I ……. (know – knew – had known)
22-If only I …….. so tired!
(am not - weren’t – won't be – haven't been)

2-If I had a lot of money, I ………. myself a house.

(will built – would build – would have built – build)
2-If people …….. about unimportant things, their life would have
no meaning. (care – cared – had cared – have cared)
5-I …….. about it if I were you.
(won't worry - wouldn’t worry – hadn't worried – worry)
4-If I ……. in that position, I’d get legal advice.
(am – were – had been – are)

6-What ……….. to your family if you were to die in an accident?

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 (will happen - would happen – would have happened – happening)
19-Would you mind if I ……..the window?
(open – opened – had opened – opening)
7-He stopped to ask me if I …… all right. (am – was – were – been)
8- I don't know if I ……. time to visit you.
(has – will have – having – is having)

10-If you had worked harder, you ………… your exams.

(will pass – would pass - would have passed – passing)
11-If they ……………. to stop the demonstration, there would have
been a riot. (had tried – tried – try – will try)

12-None answered the question of ………..the injuries had caused

Mary’s death. ( whether – if – without – in case)
13-Nobody knew …… or not the technique worked.
( whether – if – even if – but for)
14-He won’t decide ……… to become a candidate until next year.
( whether – if – as if – unless)
15-He was offered the job on condition that he …..on a month-long
training course. (goes – went – will go – go)

1-If water is heated to 100°C ,it …….. to steam.

(turns – turned – had turned – would turn)
2-If he ...... on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.
(go – goes – went – had gone)
3-What ........... if I pressed this button ?
(will happen – would happen – would have happened – happened)
4-If I .......... the thief, I would have reported the police. (see – saw – had seen – seeing)
5-If he ..... hard, he would have a lot of money.(work – works – worked – had worked)
6-If he had looked for the mobile, he ……. it.
(would have found – would find – will find – finds)
7-He ............. a doctor if he had a headache.
(sees – will see – would see – would have seen)
8-Unless you ......for information, he wouldn't tell you anything.
(didn't ask – ask – asked – had asked)
9-Unless you ......for information, he will keep silent.
(didn't ask – ask – asked – don't ask)

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10-What if we ……………… the room purple?
(painted – paint – had painted – will paint)
11-……….. doing your homework, you will be rewarded.
(Unless – Without – But for – In case of)
12-……….. not doing your homework, you will be punished.
(Unless – Without – But for – In case of)
13-..........she eats healthy food, she won't get ill. (Were – Had – Should – In case)
14-..........she eat healthy food, she wouldn't get ill. (Were – Had – Should – In case)
15-........she to eat healthy food, she wouldn't get ill. (Were – Had – Should – In case)
16-........she eaten healthy food, she wouldn't have got ill. (Were – Had – If – But for)
17-..........he a pen, he would write the lesson. (Were – Had – Should – If)
18-…….. he a doctor, he would examine you. (Were – Had – Should – Was)
19-…….. she beautiful, she would work as a hostess. (Were – Had – Should – Was)
20-Nothing would have happened to the injured families …… in their houses.
(had they stayed – if they stayed – should they stay – were they to stay)
21- If you …….. peace, prepare for war. (wanted – want – had wanted – will want)
22-…….. playing well, El-Ahly wouldn’t have won the cup.
(Unless – Were – But for – In case of)
23-……… his hard study, he will succeed. (But for – With – Unless – In case)
24-Would you mind if I ……..the window? (open – opened – had opened – opening)
25-He stopped to ask me if I …… all right. (am – was – were – been)
26- I don't know if I ……. time to visit you. (has – will have – having – is having)
27-You’ll succeed ……. you study hard. (unless – as long as – as well as – by)
28- …….. you found a wallet full of money , would you keep it?
(Had – Were – Suppose – Think)

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