4 RC Design

TRAINING ON DETAILED
ENGINEERING DESIGN (DED)

WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
FOR VERTICAL STRUCTURES
USING STAAD.PRO
DILG - DPWH
MAY TO JUNE 2023
Reinforced-Concrete
Analysis and Design
Days 3 - 4
Reinforced-Concrete Analysis and Design
A. Modeling the Structure

a) Creating the Model
b) Assigning Properties
c) Assigning Specifications
d) Assigning Support Conditions
e) Creating Materials
B. Application of Design Loads
a) Load Definitions
b) Load Case Details
c) Load Combinations
C. Analysis of Structure
D. Reinforced-Concrete (RC) Member Design
DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS
a) Creating the Model
b) Assigning Properties
c) Assigning Specifications
d) Assigning Support Conditions
e) Creating Materials

• Creating the Model
• Reference Project: 2 Storey - 6 Classroom (2S6CL) School Building

2-Storey 6-Classroom School Building – Architectural Plan
Figure: Second Floor Plan DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure: Left Elevation DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure: Second Floor Plan – Stair Area DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Assigning Properties
Designers will assume/estimate the primary section sizes for analysis purposes. Sizes can
be revised depending on the results of the analyses or if RC design requires it.
COLUMNS 350mm x 350mm
GIRDERS: 300mm x 500mm

INTERMEDIATE BEAMS 250mm x 400mm
ROOF BEAMS 250mm x 400mm
SLAB (thickness) 100mm

• Assigning Specifications
Member Release
For beam specifications,
This specification releases forces or moments on
• Release either or both member ends. It follows the Local
• Offset Coordinate System which uses the right-hand
• Property Reduction Factor rule. y
For node specifications,
My
• Master/Slave or;
• Floor diaphragm
Mz z
Press “Shift” + “O” to show member orientations
x
Color coding: x – blue, z – green, y - red Mx

Member Release
• Property Reduction Factor rule.
• Floor diaphragm

Member Release
• Property Reduction Factor rule.
• Floor diaphragm

• Assigning Specifications Member Offset
For beam specifications, This specification translates the end node of a member.
• Release
• Offset
• Property Reduction Factor
• Floor diaphragm
The advantage of doing this is that it extends the rigid end

zone of the beam-column joint and lessens the design
length of the beam. Neglecting both contribute to
overdesigning the beam.
• Assigning Specifications Property Reduction Factor
This specification can represent a cracked section in the
For beam specifications, model. According to NSCP 2015 Table 406.6.3.1.1 (a), the
• Release Moment of Inertia can be reduced by the following
• Offset factors:
• Floor diaphragm

• Assigning Specifications Property Reduction Factor
This specification can represent a cracked section in the
For beam specifications, model. According to NSCP 2015 Table 406.6.3.1.1 (a), the
• Release Moment of Inertia can be reduced by the following
• Offset factors:
• Floor diaphragm

• Assigning Specifications Master/Slave
This specification models the rigid diaphragm in the absence
For beam specifications, of plate or surface models.
• Release
• Offset
• Floor diaphragm
The master node must be placed on or near the center of

mass. The rest of the nodes on the diaphragm are then
assigned as slave nodes which follows the movement of the
master node. DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS
• Release
• Offset
• Floor diaphragm
The Master/Slave, however, is not recognized by STAAD for

drift calculations. Instead, the other method is used.

• Release
• Offset
• Floor diaphragm
The Master/Slave, however, is not recognized by STAAD for

drift calculations. Instead, the other method is used.

• Assigning Specifications Floor Diaphragm
This specification also models the rigid diaphragm in the
For beam specifications, structure.
• Release
• Offset
• Floor diaphragm
This method is used for drift calculations. It automatically

calculate the location of the master node using the masses
on the specified floor.
• Assigning Specifications Floor Diaphragm
This specification also models the rigid diaphragm in the
For beam specifications, structure.
• Release
• Offset
• Floor diaphragm
Hence, Mass Reference Load Definition must be defined

first before specifying the floor diaphragm.

• Assigning Support Conditions

Support Conditions
This specify the restraints and releases for a certain
support/node. It follows the Global Coordinate System
which uses the right-hand rule.



• Creating Materials
For concrete, NSCP 2015 Section 419.2.2 provided the empirical formula for Modulus of
Elasticity of Concrete as:
𝐸𝑐 = 4700 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
For fc’ = 21 MPa (3000 psi), Ec = 21,538 kPa

a) Load Definitions
b) Load Case Details
c) Load Combinations

• Load Definitions
In the Reference Load Definition, all types of loading
can be assigned including dead, live, and mass.
Mass loading is very useful as it is used for the Seismic

Definition, computation of Center of Mass for Flood
Diaphragm, and referenced as primary load cases later
on.

Dead Loads shall be defined in the Reference Loads Definition as Mass. All signs shall be
dropped.
• SELF WEIGHT
• SLAB (100mm THK) 23.56 kN/m3 x 0.1m = 2.356 kN/m2
• WALLS
• 150mm thk (exterior walls) 2.73 kN/m2 x 2.8 = 7.644 kN/m
• 100mm thk (partitions) 2.11 kN/m2 x 3.1m = 6.541 kN/m
• PARAPET (150mm thk) 2.73 kN/m2 x 1m = 2.73 kN/m
• STAIRS (steps, landing, railings…) 6.5 kN/m (assumed)
• CEILING & ATTACHMENTS 0.5 kN/m2 (assumed)
• TRUSS 15 kN each support (assumed)

For the Wind Definition, the following are the parameters to be used:
• CATEGORY I (NSCP) or IV (ASCE) for Essential Facilities

• WIND SPEED 200 kph
• EXPOSURE B
• BUILDING HEIGHT 6.4m
• BUILDING LENGTH 31.7m
• BUILDING WIDTH 9.5m
In addition, let’s assume reaction from trusses due to wind load 20kN vertical and 20kN
horizontal forces. This will be applied later on in the Load Cases.

• Load Definitions – Wind Load
Figure 207B.4-8 Design Wind Load Cases for all Heights

• Load Definitions – Wind Load
Case 1: Full design wind pressure acting on the projected
area perpendicular to each principal axis of the structure,
considered separately along each principal axis
Wind Type Designation

Windward wind along x-axis Type 1: WW X
Leeward wind along x-axis Type 2: LW X
Windward wind along z-axis Type 3: WW Z
Leeward wind along z-axis Type 4: LW Z

Wind Definition

For the Seismic Definition, the following are the parameters to be used:
• Seismic Zone Factor, Z 0.4

• Importance factor, I 1.5 (Category I, Essential Facilities)
• Reduction Factor, R 8.5 (RC SMRF)
• Soil Profile 4 (Soil Type D)
• Near Source Factor (Seismic Source Type A, less than 5km):
• Na 1.2
• Nv 1.6
Add the Mass Reference Load after parameter input.

Accidental Torsion Moment will be added later in the Load Cases Details.
Seismic Definition
The last three items are optional for the calculation of structural
period. These values can be obtained using the empirical formula
stated in NSCP 2015 Section 208.5.2.2. If left blank, STAAD.Pro will
automatically calculate the period for the user.
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑), 𝑻 = 𝑪𝒕 𝒉𝒏 𝟑/𝟒
where Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames

= 0.0731 for RC moment-resisting frames
and eccentrically braced frames
= 0.0488 for all other buildings
h = height of structure in meters
CASE TITLE LOADING TYPE
1 EQ +X +E Seismic
• Load Cases Details 2 EQ +X -E Seismic
The following Primary Loads to input are listed 3 EQ -X +E Seismic
in the table as shown. 4 EQ -X -E Seismic
5 EQ +Z +E Seismic
6 EQ +Z -E Seismic
7 EQ -Z +E Seismic
8 EQ -Z -E Seismic
9 DL Dead
10 LL Live
11 WL +X Wind
12 WL –X Wind
13 WL +Z Wind
14 WL –Z Wind
• Load Cases Details

For Seismic Load Type, 5% accidental torsion moment shall be
considered as per NSCP 2015 Section 208.5.1.4.
Natural Torsion Moment is caused by the distance between

center of mass and center of rigidity, hence, need not be
reduced.
Take note that torsion moment shall only apply where floor
diaphragms are defined instead of the master/slave.


For Dead Load Type, dead loads can be
called from the Reference Load.
Sign convention can be applied in this

option.

For Live Load Type, refer to the list below.
• CLASSROOM 2.4 kPa

• CORRIDOR (above ground) 3.8 kPa
• TOILET 2.4 kPa
• STAIRS 3.8 kPa
• TRUSS 18 kN each support (assumed)


For Wind Load Type, each direction of wind is
considered.
For each direction, there is a windward and leeward

type of wind as defined previously in Wind Definition.

• Load Cases Details – Wind Load

PWX Type 1 PLX Type 2 Type 2 Type 1
PLX PWX
Type 3 Type 4
Case 1: Wind Load +X Case 2: Wind Load -X
PWZ PLZ
Type 4 Type 3
PLZ PWZ
Case 3: Wind Load +Z Case 4: Wind Load -Z

The cases for the wind load are summarized below
Wind Load Case Wind Type to Use Factor

Case 1: wind towards +x Type 1 (WW X) Type 2 (LW X) +1
Case 2: wind towards -x Type 1 (WW X) Type 2 (LW X) -1
Case 3: wind towards +z Type 3 (WW Z) Type 4 (LW Z) +1
Case 4: wind towards -z Type 3 (WW Z) Type 4 (LW Z) -1

• Load Combinations
To apply the load combinations listed in
NSCP Chapter 2, load factors can be
manually applied here.
However, this methods will take too

much time especially if there are many
primary loads.

In Auto Load Combination, load
combinations are automatically
generated based on the selected Code.
Still, however, NSCP 2015 Load

Combinations are not present in
STAAD.Pro.

STAAD.Pro allows users to input their
own load combinations thru “Edit Auto
Load Rules”.
Here, the user can input the NSCP 2015

Load Combinations.


• Perform Analysis
This command is always included in the syntax to in
order for STAAD to perform basic analyses such as
static analysis.

• Perform Analysis - Change

These commands are required by STAAD.Pro
in Seismic Loading.
These commands must be in order as shown.
Check the “After Current” checkbox to add

the command after the Seismic Load type.

• Load List
This command isolates the selected loads/load
combinations for the succeeding command. It can be
used for other print commands and design commands.

• Storey Drift
This command checks the storey drift of each floor level
and comparing it with the user-defined limit. (NSCP 2015
Section 208.6.4 to 208.6.5)
𝚫𝑴 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝑯
𝚫𝒔 = , 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 × 𝑯 = , 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟎
𝟎. 𝟕𝑹 𝟎. 𝟕 × 𝟖. 𝟓
where ΔM = maximum inelastic response displacement

ΔS = design level/elastic response displacement
R = seismic response modification factor
H = height of structure
Limits: for T < 0.7 sec, ΔM ≤ 0.025 x height of structure

for T ≥ 0.7 sec, ΔM ≤ 0.020 x height of structure DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS
• Soft Storey
This command checks for the soft-storey irregularity
in the structure. A floor diaphragm must be present
to use this command.
This command can only be found in the menu bar

under Commands > Miscellaneous.


• Parameter Selection
The options in this dialog box are extracted from the
selected Code for design. Each Code will require a
different set of parameter compared to others.
ACI318-14M, NSCP 2015’s referral code, is not

available in STAAD.Pro but instead uses the 2011
edition.
Commonly used parameters here are concrete cover,

compressive strength, yield strength, sizes of rebars
and ties/stirrups and minimum steel ratio.
• Design Commands
The commands only apply to their respective
elements.
Design Beam is for beams

Design Column is for columns
Design Slab/Element is for slabs and walls
Take Off is for quantity estimates
Design of Shear Walls is on a separate tab apart from

“Concrete”

END OF PRESENTATION!

4 RC Design

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TRAINING ON DETAILED

ENGINEERING DESIGN (DED)

A. Modeling the Structure

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure: Second Floor Plan DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure: Left Elevation DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure: Second Floor Plan – Stair Area DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

COLUMNS 350mm x 350mm

GIRDERS: 300mm x 500mm

SLAB (thickness) 100mm

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

The advantage of doing this is that it extends the rigid end

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

The master node must be placed on or near the center of

The Master/Slave, however, is not recognized by STAAD for

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

The Master/Slave, however, is not recognized by STAAD for

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

This method is used for drift calculations. It automatically

Hence, Mass Reference Load Definition must be defined

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Assigning Support Conditions

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

𝐸𝑐 = 4700 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑀𝑃𝑎 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

For fc’ = 21 MPa (3000 psi), Ec = 21,538 kPa

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Mass loading is very useful as it is used for the Seismic

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• CATEGORY I (NSCP) or IV (ASCE) for Essential Facilities

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

Figure 207B.4-8 Design Wind Load Cases for all Heights

Wind Type Designation

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Seismic Zone Factor, Z 0.4

Add the Mass Reference Load after parameter input.

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑), 𝑻 = 𝑪𝒕 𝒉𝒏 𝟑/𝟒

where Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames

• Load Cases Details

Natural Torsion Moment is caused by the distance between

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Load Cases Details

Sign convention can be applied in this

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• CLASSROOM 2.4 kPa

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Load Cases Details

For each direction, there is a windward and leeward

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

• Load Cases Details – Wind Load

• Load Cases Details

Wind Load Case Wind Type to Use Factor

DPWH – BOD - BUILDINGS

However, this methods will take too