NSTeohen 3R s applfcable thy al

cheeK thsough osy eeelaroc ejezt&

M,T
CooH CooH
CooH CooH

cooH
No2 +He,+t (D-M,T

cooH C)
Co Cy)-oxtho etfeet

7 oH
Ceo H

Hooc CooH Je)

HosC )
) NH
"(
 KH Tetteet ttence
xy z
cooH
Y
CooH 55tCC

oH
H PhenbS
o oH
oH oH
ER
EWG
to/m/P)
oxtho etect in phehsS
Note No
oH oH H oH
,
)
y
1
comsiderthoT
Noe Halogehs 9 lcays
oH H H
e o
HC+E
 oH
(oL
oH
* (o .

KeaSeS
J
F

5RS

dobha
Resohnm

6R
 oH CH o
S H CH
(o5)
-M, oto
out of. phne
26es
sER Hehce -Meffeer

s hot fealyNflodge
ts hot
Hence-M of
p e n t h g pearseety

ot O2
(o NO2
-M- (-M,-T

7 Dyeto thisovotlecnda
H-Borongr bttee the
pordot H
seeya ot H t.
astbi2 Readtfoh_
Terd)+(Satotoek2)>sat+9e4

Cat2)
Possible
Ka fod-2
 di'splacescoeaK a tos9
Stohg acid
the sat ofceK
loe
chothatdsedt/om
cokaao
'e Rexh goes
PsesenT
CoeaK 9eid (ts
Heoo Ng+
CHCooNa
Hcoo H CHCoo,
uo A
CoD N Coo

osH+ (o] Heoo Na-+ o]

OA

CHCooH+PhcooNa CHACroNa+E

C H 2 C o oH +HcooNg

CHcooNg HcotoH
WA)
C
 +
+
pK Cotho tjeet
oH
cH
+[o)

oeak
Reaetfoh cotth NaHco3

CHCooHa + NaHco

HO + Co
Ng + WA
CCoo

P h s o N + H o + c o

PhsoH 1
oN9
Phenol+1)

o+H+
P c e aeid+

h e h tlgNe
+ve Na HcDtea
Ph-oHX
H
Coo H
'
Ph-cooH,
Ph SohH
 H
o8)
D CH-CH-oHX
( HN03
CH30H ( CHCooH

HcooH CHHoHx
NO2
H COOH
NO2 NO2
o)
oH oH
N2
O
X
NO2
 Bastc Steet
heefes
cris
donos cko Poesence of
oH
(Arsohehrus Base)
Pastoh sed Bases)
rstonSted Bases
astom(Ht)
acceplons (

tohoss (fecos Bases)

R S
Nao aO
No + oH

NH
NH >HN Bfa
NH BFa oR
toS eoS
ose oeo
Beennsted qs coel
bscal NHa I's a

as deccid Base

au e
Kyole Bastc 9hsergt

Pk Bosc SeTh
 PK Basic St

(Stha
Nae
Nse| Stable h e anfocg eaker
base

OEleëleonestivH
Sjabikity ofarnlor
1EN A
(idchn a Pezjod tearm Lattob Pik
tmPexiodictabla)

S2e
S2e
Si2eT. jab
(Rid chn a socup bcm ToPto Boe

CH NH
csesing osdes Basc
Stpergth
F cE B T
S2)
Basc stsenath decea.eA

Bastc stsengthl
NBasic shbenath N
Notecohenelex thexe s a coñtoadjcp
betoee S1ze and eleetonegcrttvfty
coldominato
Jectoshonm Sze facto

eg Ctae)
e NHle lponegattvty

29
ORG ANIC NITROGeNEUSBASES

Ayne
CarL

ApenaDA (Ailfhes)
lphatr
NH2
RNH2/RaNH/R3N
2

Amidines

R- NH2
NH
R H2
Acles
A R e m a o y a m a A J

Aiines> Aliphola

MdescoeaKest BosRA
 HEN (12)
e e paJs cs Poesen p ozbi t )
PesPendicelaso plane of the ivg
delocaisod P9I
H
N

(Noh-PAeott
cs nol
y e chasqe

Resohamc

e ( Basety cda
H2

H
e
:P
N
p2 Vsp2
elocalged bcalsad elscal9e
(Pores of
Apoaatiy
L
 ay cb

Mose ecasad
H
a

LcaliSodLP

Pujaln Can shoco

-etect
Some dezsea o
's o
Ih Case r's y s e
e
N5 am'ne
bosethoy eyel 'e
acyeljc e
hitogen

N Hexe jlipping Possible

(Uhoyesstoh- possible)
FRppinhang decses the bastc sterg
tohilo h case e cyel E, bastE steeh
Cs hooaf

H etNH
(
()

(T)

etaN
TL gam
3aol he
Bos'c hoe
h a l aofhes h
2aseais Sk
)aeyeoyS

31
1
2

R= M

iarslho2
NH
CH
(b)

NH

H-C N2 CHH sSsp2

p2
Sp3

C-C N al
sp
(c)
ea
Ct-CHENH
H=eH-NH,
Sp2
Sp2

p Peccel/soc
Lsene pais
delocadsoo
 16
3
sp

H
(a) (b) (c) sp
Ca) Ct3
delecalsac

Cocatad)
sp
a e cyb
NM2
2
NH
2

3
E
MeMeNH2 MNH MesN
(a (b) c

delcal/SodOeroe
Pos's
H N

b e o e paus e l c r l s c o d

HN-NH-K NO2
(b)

ayb
fporra Amnes
e r n e Pairoele/so)

R-H2
NH2 NH2
ERG -Ew9
o/M/p
Nae AIphate anunes ase alcoan
tooe basfc thoro feohoaC
amhesS'
n sesence of tR9 Basje sjseng
CycaeQ SeS

NeoSho Substitulod anilfne v3 o

aus coeaKes tham Anlfno,
' s s hstestho feet hs-
s qetaally SEP
(Sheic chhibtron to Peztongton
exana 9 - H on
-N- H

H
HoH
-NH N-H-o
ERG Eo H-oH
NH2 NH2 NH
+He O o ro
SHto6tI) CHDEHo
+He
 bda 19
H NH2
Nole
CH
o
sH O Cooh

tho
ee
NH2 NH2
NH
o
-T
+M -Tt+M
c) (a)
cbya
NH2 NH2

"e RS,Mee SpbRy

 NH.
NO
NH NH2 NH2

M,
2 N a
-tM,I

Me Me

2
N- goes oc

plane
H dye to SIR
SIR H HO
NH2 NH2 NH/
N
CH
( (b) (C)
dcayb (d)
 NH2-
H2
(2)
N

-CHLCHNH-CHA

byod
N

inaCstHsN)
H \

Sp2
H

eso stablo

ainiel> SPdelocalSod

R-
NH
sPocal jsad)
 + of b NHogeh t's also huo (22
H R-C NHa
R-C-NH ey N
NH
NH

N H R- R c Y
NH2
GNH2-
eJoa RS
Mose Stable
R-C=NH,

NH2
qonjnQ Storges ogaoe Ntto
gehesys base
crKsthon ory rooro ydoyl
base
H- (NH
Sp sP(ellSod)
(cielsaeld sPlecalsac )
Bstaly
Brspall aill aso gt +tMota4b{23)
b=C

Hat HN-C-NHa
N-C

NH
NH

Het N -C-NH

NH

e t HK-C N 3ea ua)

RS
NH2

b=C

74-NH-C NH-CH
NH Guanierne denzhye
 NH-CHa 2
NH
H-C-NH
NH
aybc
NH NH
H
H- N-H

Sp
NH2 SP
2

(C

Koadeb
H-NH7
NH
R-
NH
NH Radine Aniline7Pasa(2

NHa

udes ase fhe coeakeal Nifaehesus-

aseS

H2 R H
Cl

Better BqsfC
CentseR
MR
TSphgoeS
NMR N-M M 5

OHt, olo
sRCHhN

H o

Pep H-Bo
He
HT
ostsenaHo)
R-H C
(26
R-NH
RNH
Hc
SHo
. H
NH2 C
He
a) N
H
NH

NH H

H NH-o)

MeiMe