Hadoforu Reackhona

CHU CIB CHI3

Cluovofomw Broo fuw
Colourle» iq Cotouns q Todoo
win swcet Pala euou
u swce Cys fuuive tid
&uuet S u.
Cuowpet)
wuuospilod
ive s .
Aukseph suu)
-H +3X, +4N o0t CH X2 +
HCoUNa +3Nax +3H,O
CH-eu +
3x, + 4 NaoH CHX2+ CH egDNa +
3Nax *3%
Halo Reachon w a
prop. oal duy dss aud kakou u
couain
-CH gup -weuuy aup.
Aldsuydso Acelaldu y co give xu 0uu

OHs--u X

wtuyl aeyl kkoue.

R--CH
CH--H CH--Ha
H-H -
C-H

CH3-C-Ht 3, + NaoH CHI2t HCOD oa + 3NaI +30

CHgë-H2+ 3 + 4NaOH OHI3 + CHCOdNa +3NaI +3H,0

CHU3 + C5OA
+3d2 t 4NaH
3Na t 3H0
To do pu lst
Ceou aldu ydis ound Rahouso (d- wuyL qop on duakuuau uA

2/atH give ueuow ppt w cwisephe s ueu

 Cauial Tot b dinAng ulch bls
brual daly do 2 Auas dluyle Aceou ad beuropuauo u.
X

Halo o Rxu
CH-2-+ -ë-H
Mehasu.

CHa-H NaOH CA
eu. -NaT
Auaic THeet RES

C-4Aaon4 CHI--H CA =é-H

Nar H
eI-ë-
NaT
H
HeGD No+CHT

u U / aR a i r
As TETT
CH-C CHa ral maog uo
as
halog euu
uwoveu uu RDS.

Sous o a r u a g eun CoHor H o x + Na0) 4ve a l o fu

CH-C-H Na0T CuI, HCODNo

+ 2a0H Na0I + NaI + H,0

CH--a CHUa+ Ha C0DNO

LO2+2Na GH nao+ au+ H

(2Buathi u Pouder CCa0 U2.)

CaCoH)+ U2 Ca0d Ho
Ch-C-H Ca0 CH +
(H Co), Ca
CHa-C-H, aOu CH Cg +
(CH C0T)2 Ca
CH2-2- tH A CH U t CH3 éO0
CHgcob
day dinR Ilaim
CH--uA CatD3.
Mauy
ER alouo abo qive ualofun xu.

alouo?
EHuyl altodluol

CH-CH2-OH or) CHa-C-H 00 CHI+ H CoTM

dauydo.

CH-OH H--4 Korouo

CH3- CH-CH-ot

alou (2-)
NaOI
CHa-(A-CHa CH-ë-UH AAOT CHT+ C CoD oo
propan-2-*.

CH-CH2-H-CHa
.

buau-2-o.

CH-H2-CH-H- C3 CH-h-ë-C- cHs

OH AD - CH3 '.oTut

(3-ot) x
aluud No u

i v e a euauical b dbugulk b/w

Nehhauot aud maul.
CH3 OH CH-CH-OH

H--1H
CHg-e-H
o Tods ow
Test
 2D
2
CHa-CH H3 ud CH C-CH-CH-H3
OH H

possible 0 dul
CH3-C-CH3 CHa-CH- C - 2 -CH3

Nd .
+ve Todofom
Test ND Tet

LOuic Hu oUous fug ufu give ualofo xu

0H-H CH-Cu-éu 4-E-H

CHOH

CHa4,OH
TH 1CH-(H-A 1
OH
OH

-CH O

CA,I-2-H [oT-CHAT
BC-E-ng -M-
CABT--u45 -

OH H-E-u4, -CENC
T sTabu.
2Ruso
®o-(t4-2-
A-TCA-Ë Ca-C - co2- - CH3

o-- CDU3.

H 0H
Oxidiscd b O

Heda

H----H3 aeidie
OH
4H- --4
f o u 2 si dss.

CH-CI-- CH CHI - -H3

CHg-2,-E- C- c-0H +C-2-H a
OH

CT3 OH C-è-CH3

CH-0-C C--0-CH
alkoxy
we O L.

CH-0--cs-0-C4s
OH
CHy- g-o-Ct
OH
 Cabonyue Aüd and
DesivakveA

ycluloide
R R R-CEN

Aid ouydido

.
NHR R NR'R"
NH
Auido
H avalable

fur H- boudiug

lactouLs aud
laclaus uP
sli no aud awduo are cauad
Cquic
cauuad -laclau, bectuwne
An auds s a 4-wwwbeved lugd u
Cavooudv u cadoouyl poup bou dud b

Cauuad T-lai
odous An eoar a 5-wewb evcd ning u
els o

Y-Latous S-1adou -1ada T-laclau

>R-
R-

atatka a 0.as
te te
H
Paotomation aK plas at

Nu y l subs 2 Luat Ca
bouded o au £N alo w
aoup udurg o
Couloi u auyt uo u Hoe c0Uup oLLucdo
As a
Seve os deoi u oup.

Nu a uyl .
O
bettey L-Faul@ x
+2
Nu
2s D u e

u p l a us 2 .
H CA, CCOP,
ORNR
 Hea
ado. Nu
R N R
Nu* RCOTH H,O R-0H NH
Sougest aud
Weakst bale
Y a,ocoR, 0R,NR2 Beot LG
Most aachve.
Aou HO, R0, RN
aldeluy
de/ HO
Nu
Y
Nowudalike
0 Nu
sulbs
afdCadooxydaivoukves.
uc Ph NO2
OH
In alday da Kaoues
R,H
N u Y
R aud H n notta gsod eawiug 2- o- 4puawytpeut -3-euoc aud .
Raud
as aTe veu
Sl0ug b aos .teuca Huuy foru O OUt3
add po dut. COOH
auy di ddo O
-4-eHuoxy cavouy --oxo od-5-euoic auid.
OHH-0 caooxy u'c aid
R cooH
2Br
H-OR d b u o ydopeus-3- eus co-boxyu aud
OR esr
COOH
COOH
H-NH2
H-NHRRNH,
H-NR NHR O
awid
3 auid.
2aids -popionyl beuzoc aud. -napHuc auid.
An aud cuuoida COOH
uu uau- &lablu coooxyufe aud di
becauo s weakot b tnae. Au aufdo
sb eaoo xyuc aud dai volue
boae be cauas NR Hs
- acchyl-5 w Hyl beunic aud
Srastusu R
O
OR R N
Raa tR
 aldaluydes aidu.
O Aa(NHa),t oH, HNO3, KMuOs
Paltouet aid
uuta ciuu.
cabouy) -8 -oxo m0noau KMuOy audie, basic,
3-Cculoo carbouy)-6-Poruuyl u (uuuoxy
aldauydus aud alotuot
COOH auhous.
larouic aud w
ag.
Beuzic asd O
Beureus Caboxyuic atid.
Aom AlkuLbu2.eu attatlnd o a
akyl diuty
not uavt houps)
Puyica Pg d goups ( bur
oxidised by cuvouhe ais
r atdic or
beunew ting are
Bp aud MP. akalw KMnOy b a - co0H
mp
uaw coup 0wuda o
2 auul dso uawe bp aud
and
uot. w.
Couuparable
COupoudo
bp as exfra slabfu'y to Ha waro
2 Hfom. An aouud iug imparks
H-bo udug. sidla cluauns
aude
alou. d r
Sfuilo bp.
KMuOu, H
H,0, A NO2
NO2
CH3)CH
Soubiuy , survive vigorou agun
gaTd clhu can
soubl u orgauc sotviugs Cauouu d sfde
qeh uaducad
COUH.
daivah veo
are k dua
.CA soubla b ecaua Oxd. T e euline
H,o
ucwi 45 C's
ove
Most CA divahive
H-boud HA walir. HO
c a u or C
Cua
gdvopuob adu cad.
i u aud
aideo.
3 Pou gH
Puprafom OH
HA
H 0 R--coOH
Oom
alcouals aud al deluydlts CN
R d-ydooxy a u d .
Ag20/ Ag (NHa)SoH
yanouydin
RCOOH
R-CHO THa0
R-CHO
R-CHOH Ho*
RCOTH
R-CHO or RCH, OtH2
 o

*
-2

o
P

0 20

1
O
 to ou* He Mgubs ? aúá^ Ato uolo (auiai)
T posible cary Coobo xy c
CHaCH OH+ H2 CH0+H0
uoxids lon.
alka
Kxns. win walalo and
N s raAge
adds uase Ka Vauue
naulbsi tu d
R-NH U-0 CBaolih *CHa- Mas HCOa weaker u a n
0 10* (pka uo 5) R-COOH
aweoukor bo Cgood La).
1G6
pKa o w alor
=
baae ca aplaca
a slouQeY
0H
0--i 2K 2R COOK* +H,
COOH
Aspiiu 2RCOUH +
b ve
aia
6N + HO
- slousr
sodibeunoal.
w
HO are sowsu
RCODH
sotu
0dd uOH
.
a Cco.
Awylak Ba -oH + NaHco weak er
sCvouseT
weteY baa atd.
eHerveseute
Aiai d Cavkooxyte Aido NaH COg
suau exlku uad ao i Vey
fonse to ca RCOUH wu NaHco3
weak au'da: Tuuy thaat
Carboxquc addo pueuc do eaht
are
C1-2) wair a u d u e .
R-COUH + Hh0 ChCOD+ H20 ( o ] +naHCO X.
S0 NO
Ka RCODsot)14 xto (ka =u-76 aHCO
R CoUH)
Aidiy ka -ve cuorge
-P
sabiuse
EPPech f Subs Ew
COUt CHa - COUH
CH,-
HL - c-CO0H
cou he a t b u l s to A- -coOH
Caooxylic aid. fon(coug
baa,
Te audity a sabilizahou. of Hs casboxy lal
CHa),H COOH
ealer ioouauuo uuTouied caboxy l atd woleuw
CHCOt
CHg CHCO0H
Huat of uus
Couupmed ko HCOUH
 P Co0H CH-C00H - 4-(00H I--Co0
CHg-CH24 -é-oH 4-4-CH-C-0H (H2-H-
UH-CoOH Cu-CO0H
I eteet u t din
NO-H-OTH (CH,) -U4-CoH NC-h o
Ph Hs--4-LOUH o-H-cODT H---(o04
IB, <ue <CN <No,< CFs
ALpuyl aud viuyl qoup Hiat ane atalusd di y -COUH
CoTH, Hue adcl e atd dus ko igu £r
CODH at aas
duapf H Hoouauco eue. COUH COUH
COUH
H
=CH C
CHgcouH ph-Co0H (adain) COUH -C0OH
.16 -20
SI augH a skoug add uild by au basiuy I
u solveus aud Mu-veda. 0) u) )
weuug ellec
auue 280+H,0 HSO +H0
sryw wao Au+H0 u H0
walar COUH C00H
SGougeot add w walîr Ha0D (om P
bae
)M-I) OUHa ) oH
OTH CtH-1) 0uo eHed
01
using glaua auhie add asa
sotveu, aidfe sluga, slc wndrauc
HOOyH8T H,soy Hu HNO3 C0OH
OUH
HCOOH
CH CO0H o
HaH COUH UH-COOH 3.1
PRa 3 .u6 3-21
3-11 416 4.88 486
Du o sfhe
eso py +aubr.
CH-UH-(OUH H,= c1-c00H< CH EC-c0G
4 88 4-25 184
 I aato vic aud a comooxyte ado2 ew.
o
Copave atfaie s(ug. aCHa COUH Me ocouH
Ho4 Host cu'die potou u acoble add (AIEEe 2606)
OH Dras H fou aud pus ur u
oH -COOH
bod eD
Ams As
Cyuie air |latou
dkabkKe.
5) awic aud u16 "
=
ascovbie aid= ua\J auuost sauua
COUH
toko pla KMAO> o
HO - H
O
04
uTeaolug ordr r a l i oHCN add" o cowpauudo
6
OH eD
Most 2RS HCHO (8)Cco (C)Rcou O) Puroen)
atdic 0-
potdu.
Aw- i£WG a paau, U , 1ève charse
nu.
CCaoier atak of
3RS eeer.
Bureus givco T douakug
AB >D B eta BD a C
aldo
coUH
LiAIH
C-0H
(C)-CH-C ()-A- oud
P
Ama CH)2-CH = C-2-4.
(CH3
A9 o CH- CH-coTAH AIH T
Amo- TI= CH-04
AdatyAüdty orar
-H
PheodOH 0-NGcgHy coUH u) p-10Hy COUH
EwG aidih HgBr
meNO)-eHcoutH
-T
(AI EEE 20DL)
Am coOH
 Add ovdor
P-Cuoo bluue T S0, T CHaCH0 1TT NO CH, CoTH
1H CN CH, CoOH f4, couH Cac0H
P P
Am COOH
C-u C-0 CHCH
. xw îwiug law oge oC-oH oud
Oomakon af omydida.
I suks, eltiwe aati q au Dupond formaas by efuuakan a ot q waly ou 2
A wo d add
ayl dloide auuy dids esüy auuida eoosxylaa
O
CH3 R--+ H0--R -eE-R +H,o
wurq
NO, CHa
CH3
CH 3 -H3
oTT8OsHa-.`-3
Ava- I
Ruau oclawhc
NH2 audido|
NH
CH2-COd
- U*3 e
aNH. NH succiweodd
o succinic auuydid
CHa OMS GAP Padwihe
oxalc gul omc
ww)raug- uuom
NaNO2
NH
HuLo-r
9H0, wamu.
Halasic
Co,H
aud
-UNa K COUH
Pua
2
 1 1 i

V
O

Po

H
L

-G
z
Rxws wvodiu COOH
e + (42-0) +2Co2
O Redudhon.
cowoxy'c. add f alcout. BH slsdivel Hduu
add.
AIBHL Riduen oluT Decarboxy ladiam -Kab caveoxy c
AIH R-CH,-4
CoUH
-co Cauo CH-C-0H
OH THR
( o e -OH
duted
50°C C2 a cadooxyuc
wld Rd A diaud aud.
geu
CoTH
CH,-e-0H3
IoDHL
L o ad by
NaB
MeoH
docour
CBOH
(Jef Ma 201) eoduce
OH
H C-R
AB
akoui.
H2/PAIR) OH
B-keko asd eu.
cH,H,0
educ
CUnd Huen.
3 Hwwdisker Aüd.
Decodoovyl ain R-Br+AgBr+CO
SAg ccly
Ruuovo e o .
R-H+Co2 Heauing Hecn
aud
hacuhiug mondcovooxye
Cuau
Tu Axu caed out by uatuig sodiuuu sau 2 CH3-COUH a - C - 0 - - H H,0
addo iuu sodo uluu (NaOH : Con0 =3:1) n Oud ao
)waugdcaboxy tPe ald.
Kotbe e l o y s -
CHa-CO0H
H+Co,
~coUH
CH-COUdKOH CH-CO0 K B-kao a ud
COD K* uuinli
CH-COUH
E

o
 Med Kleuu
Subs. t n uuwwlalnd Covoouyl aud C=
R-C-cOUH SO2
CH-N
c =0 Rya=CO
aldo kuleu.
,aukyL Reto keles
R-CH=-04 " 2-(A=C-ð
eua) - d Camo eu.
Veny wwolable.
taule
R-CH--OH
Y R
duasueu i u ak.
sotu d R t 2 >e=e=0 2 Bm
A cowpouud D(egH o) pon B
audfcarim afve
give a yuoo Pp. Tue Firalu
om
odw
t u Sr. oa aud
a t a i sotd £ (oC,Lo). w u 150C CH. CH -e=0 +CHy
explau o Tx.
C-N A + H N , 49T CH-CH C=o
An Diazoahous
ketou.
H add acvoss C6
Conp ouuds coulasuug
au dielachve
H20 ,C0+
H = -0H
R-COD CHg e-0 CHa-0--R
-CoR
CH30
CH= otF H-e-0
CHaNH2
HX
 e-deyiciuus iogeu
r a o n er to

OHofPmamm omamide Degradaiom.

auid to a aw u
fewen C- asou
Na0BY

Br 2-C0 R-NH2
NaoH
NH2 so y aual

Hec
OH
2 NH2 NHO
blgN-Br H
RDS.
R-NH--o
R-N=S-OH H20
R NEC=0
coroauuic H
aud. Isoaual

-CO -NH2

2Cunh wo Koarraup euus

Tsrua
daebuposihon da 0cyl aaida o

R-N C=0

oh R-NH-.
&-oR
Carbauaa
R-N C=0 L H20
2NH
RNH awus.

-NH -C- NHR?

wea danvalw e.