Computational Fluid Dynamics

Chapter 5
Elliptic equation:
Typical elliptic 2nd order PDE in a two-dimensional cartesian system are Laplace’s
equation:
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
and Poisson’s equation:
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
+ = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

Five-point formula:

𝑢𝑖+1,𝑗 − 2𝑢𝑖,𝑗 + 𝑢𝑖−1,𝑗 𝑢𝑖,𝑗+1 − 2𝑢𝑖,𝑗 + 𝑢𝑖,𝑗−1

+ =0
(∆𝑥)2 (∆𝑦)2

𝑢𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑢𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝛽 2 𝑢𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝛽 2 𝑢𝑖,𝑗−1 − 2(1 + 𝛽 2 )𝑢𝑖,𝑗 = 0

where 𝛽 = ∆𝑥/∆𝑦.

In this formulation, central differencing which is second-order accurate is utilized.

1
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Nine-point formula:

−𝑢𝑖+2,𝑗 + 16𝑢𝑖+1,𝑗 − 30𝑢𝑖,𝑗 + 16𝑢𝑖−1,𝑗 − 𝑢𝑖−2,𝑗 −𝑢𝑖,𝑗+2 + 16𝑢𝑖,𝑗+1 − 30𝑢𝑖,𝑗 + 16𝑢𝑖,𝑗−1 − 𝑢𝑖,𝑗−2
+ =0
12(∆𝑥)2 12(∆𝑦)2

In this formulation, fourth-order central differencing is utilized.

Nine-point formula is difficult to implement at the boundaries and requires lots of

calculations. Therefore, we will focus on using the five-point formula duo to its
simplicity.

2
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Example:
Consider two-dimensional heat conduction in 5 × 5 square domain with Dirichlet
boundary conditions as shown in figure:

Find the steady-state temperature distribution within the domain.

3
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solution using direct method:

Substituting 𝛽 = 1 into the finite difference equation:
𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1 − 4𝑇𝑖,𝑗 = 0
Boundary conditions:
𝑇1,𝑗 = 100, 𝑇5,𝑗 = 300, 𝑇𝑖,1 = 0, 𝑇𝑖,5 = 200

5 200 200 200

4 100 𝑇2,4 𝑇3,4 𝑇4,4 300

3 100 𝑇2,3 𝑇3,3 𝑇4,3 300

2 100 𝑇2,2 𝑇3,2 𝑇4,2 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

𝑖 = 2, 𝑗 = 2:
𝑇3,2 + 𝑇1,2 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 − 4𝑇2,2 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇2,3 − 4𝑇2,2 = −100
𝑖 = 3, 𝑗 = 2:
𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 − 4𝑇3,2 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 − 4𝑇3,2 = 0
𝑖 = 4, 𝑗 = 2:
𝑇5,2 + 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 − 4𝑇4,2 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 − 4𝑇4,2 = −300
𝑖 = 2, 𝑗 = 3:
𝑇3,3 + 𝑇1,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 − 4𝑇2,3 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 − 4𝑇2,3 = −100

4
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

𝑖 = 3, 𝑗 = 3:
𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 − 4𝑇3,3 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 − 4𝑇3,3 = 0
𝑖 = 4, 𝑗 = 3:
𝑇5,3 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 − 4𝑇4,3 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 − 4𝑇4,3 = −300
𝑖 = 2, 𝑗 = 4:
𝑇3,4 + 𝑇1,4 + 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 − 4𝑇2,4 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇2,3 − 4𝑇2,4 = −300
𝑖 = 3, 𝑗 = 4:
𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 − 4𝑇3,4 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,3 − 4𝑇3,4 = −200
𝑖 = 4, 𝑗 = 4:
𝑇5,4 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 − 4𝑇4,4 = 0 ⟶ 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,3 − 4𝑇4,4 = −500
Putting the system of equations in matrix form:
𝐴×𝑇=𝐵
𝑇2,2
−4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 −100
1 −4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 𝑇3,2 0
0 1 −4 0 0 1 0 0 0 𝑇4,2 −300
1 0 0 −4 1 0 1 0 0 𝑇2,3 −100
0 1 0 1 −4 1 0 1 0 𝑇3,3 = 0
0 0 1 0 1 −4 0 0 1 𝑇4,3 −300
0 0 0 1 0 0 −4 1 0 𝑇2,4 −300
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 −4 1 𝑇3,4 −200
[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ]
−4 [𝑇 ] [ −500]
4,4

The system of equation is solved directly using inverse matrix method, Cramer’s rule,
or Gaussian elimination.
𝑇2,2
78.571
𝑇3,2
94.643
150 𝑇4,2
119.643 𝑇2,3
𝑇 = inv(𝐴) × 𝐵 = 150 = 𝑇3,3
205.357 𝑇4,3
150 𝑇2,4
180.357 𝑇3,4
[221.429]
[𝑇4,4 ]

5
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 180.4 221.4 300

3 100 119.6 150 205.4 300

2 100 78.6 94.6 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

6
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

For comparison, the analytical solution is:

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 180.9 222.8 300

3 100 119.1 150 208.1 300

2 100 77.2 91.9 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

7
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solution using Jacobi iteration method:

𝑘+1
1 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝑇𝑖,𝑗 = 2
[𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝛽 2 (𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1 )]
2(1 + 𝛽 )
For 𝛽 = 1:
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
𝑘+1
𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1
𝑇𝑖,𝑗 =
4
Boundary conditions:
𝑇1,𝑗 = 100, 𝑇5,𝑗 = 300, 𝑇𝑖,1 = 0, 𝑇𝑖,5 = 200
Initial guess:
1
𝑇2→4,2→4 = 150

𝑘=1

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 150 150 300

3 100 150 150 150 300

2 100 150 150 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

8
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Substituting 𝑘 = 1:
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇3,2 + 𝑇1,2 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 150 + 100 + 150 + 0
𝑇2,2 = = = 100
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 150 + 150 + 150 + 0
𝑇3,2 = = = 112.5
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇5,2 + 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 300 + 150 + 150 + 0
𝑇4,2 = = = 150
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇3,3 + 𝑇1,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 150 + 100 + 150 + 150
𝑇2,3 = = = 137.5
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 150 + 150 + 150 + 150
𝑇3,3 = = = 150
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇5,3 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 300 + 150 + 150 + 150
𝑇4,3 = = = 187.5
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇3,4 + 𝑇1,4 + 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 150 + 100 + 200 + 150
𝑇2,4 = = = 150
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 150 + 150 + 200 + 150
𝑇3,4 = = = 162.5
4 4
1 1 1 1
2
𝑇5,4 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 300 + 150 + 200 + 150
𝑇4,4 = = = 200
4 4

9
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

𝑘=2

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 162.5 200 300

3 100 137.5 150 187.5 300

2 100 100 112.5 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

Substituting 𝑘 = 2:
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇3,2 + 𝑇1,2 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 112.5 + 100 + 137.5 + 0
𝑇2,2 = = = 87.5
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 150 + 100 + 150 + 0
𝑇3,2 = = = 100
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇5,2 + 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 300 + 112.5 + 187.5 + 0
𝑇4,2 = = = 150
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇3,3 + 𝑇1,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 150 + 100 + 150 + 100
𝑇2,3 = = = 125
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 187.5 + 137.5 + 162.5 + 112.5
𝑇3,3 = = = 150
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇5,3 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 300 + 150 + 200 + 150
𝑇4,3 = = = 200
4 4

10
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

2 2 2 2
3
𝑇3,4 + 𝑇1,4 + 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 162.5 + 100 + 200 + 137.5
𝑇2,4 = = = 150
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 200 + 150 + 200 + 150
𝑇3,4 = = = 175
4 4
2 2 2 2
3
𝑇5,4 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 300 + 162.5 + 200 + 187.5
𝑇4,4 = = = 212.5
4 4
𝑘=3

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 175 212.5 300

3 100 125 150 200 300

2 100 87.5 100 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

Continue with iterations until the change in solution is negligible.

11
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solution using point Gauss-Seidel iteration method:

𝑘+1
1 𝑘 𝑘+1 𝑘 𝑘+1
𝑇𝑖,𝑗 = 2
[𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝛽 2 (𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1 )]
2(1 + 𝛽 )
For 𝛽 = 1:
𝑘 𝑘+1 𝑘 𝑘+1
𝑘+1
𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1
𝑇𝑖,𝑗 =
4
Boundary conditions:
𝑇1,𝑗 = 100, 𝑇5,𝑗 = 300, 𝑇𝑖,1 = 0, 𝑇𝑖,5 = 200
Initial guess:
1
𝑇2→4,2→4 = 150

𝑘=1

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 150 150 300

3 100 150 150 150 300

2 100 150 150 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

12
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Substituting 𝑘 = 1:
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇3,2 + 𝑇1,2 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 150 + 100 + 150 + 0
𝑇2,2 = = = 100
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 150 + 100 + 150 + 0
𝑇3,2 = = = 100
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇5,2 + 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 300 + 100 + 150 + 0
𝑇4,2 = = = 137.5
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇3,3 + 𝑇1,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 150 + 100 + 150 + 100
𝑇2,3 = = = 125
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 150 + 125 + 150 + 100
𝑇3,3 = = = 131.25
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇5,3 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 300 + 131.25 + 150 + 137.5
𝑇4,3 = = = 179.688
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇3,4 + 𝑇1,4 + 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 150 + 100 + 200 + 125
𝑇2,4 = = = 143.75
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 150 + 143.75 + 200 + 131.25
𝑇3,4 = = = 156.25
4 4
1 2 1 2
2
𝑇5,4 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 300 + 156.25 + 200 + 179.688
𝑇4,4 = = = 208.984
4 4

13
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

𝑘=2

5 200 200 200

4 100 143.8 156.3 209 300

3 100 125 131.3 179.7 300

2 100 100 100 137.5 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

Substituting 𝑘 = 2:
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇3,2 + 𝑇1,2 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 100 + 100 + 125 + 0
𝑇2,2 = = = 81.25
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇4,2 + 𝑇2,2 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 137.5 + 81.25 + 131.25 + 0
𝑇3,2 = = = 87.5
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇5,2 + 𝑇3,2 + 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 300 + 87.5 + 179.688 + 0
𝑇4,2 = = = 141.797
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇3,3 + 𝑇1,3 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 131.25 + 100 + 143.75 + 81.25
𝑇2,3 = = = 114.063
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇4,3 + 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 179.688 + 114.063 + 156.25 + 87.5
𝑇3,3 = = = 134.375
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇5,3 + 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 300 + 134.375 + 208.984 + 141.797
𝑇4,3 = = = 196.289
4 4

14
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

2 3 2 3
3
𝑇3,4 + 𝑇1,4 + 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 156.25 + 100 + 200 + 114.063
𝑇2,4 = = = 142.578
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇4,4 + 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 208.984 + 142.578 + 200 + 134.375
𝑇3,4 = = = 171.484
4 4
2 3 2 3
3
𝑇5,4 + 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 300 + 171.484 + 200 + 196.289
𝑇4,4 = = = 216.943
4 4
𝑘=3

5 200 200 200

4 100 142.6 171.5 216.9 300

3 100 114.1 134.4 196.3 300

2 100 81.3 87.5 141.8 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

Continue with iterations until the change in solution is negligible.

15
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solution using line Gauss-Seidel iteration method:

𝑘+1 𝑘+1 𝑘+1 𝑘 𝑘+1
2(1 + 𝛽 2 )𝑇𝑖,𝑗 − 𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 − 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 = 𝛽 2 (𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1 )
For 𝛽 = 1:
𝑘+1 𝑘+1 𝑘+1 𝑘 𝑘+1
4𝑇𝑖,𝑗 − 𝑇𝑖+1,𝑗 − 𝑇𝑖−1,𝑗 = 𝑇𝑖,𝑗+1 + 𝑇𝑖,𝑗−1
Boundary conditions:
𝑇1,𝑗 = 100, 𝑇5,𝑗 = 300, 𝑇𝑖,1 = 0, 𝑇𝑖,5 = 200
Initial guess:
1
𝑇2→4,2→4 = 150

𝑘=1

5 200 200 200

4 100 150 150 150 300

3 100 150 150 150 300

2 100 150 150 150 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

16
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Substituting 𝑘 = 1:
𝑗 = 2:
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇2,2 − 𝑇3,2 − 𝑇1,2 = 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 ⟶ 4𝑇2,2 − 𝑇3,2 − 100 = 150 + 0
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
4𝑇3,2 − 𝑇4,2 − 𝑇2,2 = 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 ⟶ 4𝑇3,2 − 𝑇4,2 − 𝑇2,2 = 150 + 0
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇4,2 − 𝑇5,2 − 𝑇3,2 = 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 ⟶ 4𝑇4,2 − 300 − 𝑇3,2 = 150 + 0
Solving these equations:
2 2 2
𝑇2,2 = 85.714, 𝑇3,2 = 92.857, 𝑇4,2 = 135.714
𝑗 = 3:
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇2,3 − 𝑇3,3 − 𝑇1,3 = 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 ⟶ 4𝑇2,3 − 𝑇3,3 − 100 = 150 + 85.714
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
4𝑇3,3 − 𝑇4,3 − 𝑇2,3 = 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 ⟶ 4𝑇3,3 − 𝑇4,3 − 𝑇2,3 = 150 + 92.857
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇4,3 − 𝑇5,3 − 𝑇3,3 = 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 ⟶ 4𝑇4,3 − 300 − 𝑇3,3 = 150 + 135.714
Solving these equations:
2 2 2
𝑇2,3 = 117.730, 𝑇3,3 = 135.204, 𝑇4,3 = 180.230
𝑗 = 4:
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇2,4 − 𝑇3,4 − 𝑇1,4 = 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 ⟶ 4𝑇2,4 − 𝑇3,4 − 100 = 200 + 117.730
2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
4𝑇3,4 − 𝑇4,4 − 𝑇2,4 = 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 ⟶ 4𝑇3,4 − 𝑇4,4 − 𝑇2,4 = 200 + 135.204
2 2 2 1 2 2 2
4𝑇4,4 − 𝑇5,4 − 𝑇3,4 = 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 ⟶ 4𝑇4,4 − 300 − 𝑇3,4 = 200 + 180.230
Solving these equations:
2 2 2
𝑇2,4 = 147.982, 𝑇3,4 = 174.198, 𝑇4,4 = 213.607

17
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

𝑘=2

5 200 200 200

4 100 148 174.2 213.6 300

3 100 117.7 135.2 180.2 300

2 100 85.7 92.9 135.7 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5
Substituting 𝑘 = 2:
𝑗 = 2:
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇2,2 − 𝑇3,2 − 𝑇1,2 = 𝑇2,3 + 𝑇2,1 ⟶ 4𝑇2,2 − 𝑇3,2 − 100 = 117.730 + 0
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
4𝑇3,2 − 𝑇4,2 − 𝑇2,2 = 𝑇3,3 + 𝑇3,1 ⟶ 4𝑇3,2 − 𝑇4,2 − 𝑇2,2 = 135.204 + 0
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇4,2 − 𝑇5,2 − 𝑇3,2 = 𝑇4,3 + 𝑇4,1 ⟶ 4𝑇4,2 − 300 − 𝑇3,2 = 180.230 + 0
Solving these equations:
3 3 3
𝑇2,2 = 76.553, 𝑇3,2 = 88.484, 𝑇4,2 = 142.178
𝑗 = 3:
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇2,3 − 𝑇3,3 − 𝑇1,3 = 𝑇2,4 + 𝑇2,2 ⟶ 4𝑇2,3 − 𝑇3,3 − 100 = 147.982 + 76.553
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
4𝑇3,3 − 𝑇4,3 − 𝑇2,3 = 𝑇3,4 + 𝑇3,2 ⟶ 4𝑇3,3 − 𝑇4,3 − 𝑇2,3 = 174.198 + 88.484
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇4,3 − 𝑇5,3 − 𝑇3,3 = 𝑇4,4 + 𝑇4,2 ⟶ 4𝑇4,3 − 300 − 𝑇3,3 = 213.607 + 142.178

18
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solving these equations:

3 3 3
𝑇2,3 = 117.403, 𝑇3,3 = 145.075, 𝑇4,3 = 200.215
𝑗 = 4:
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇2,4 − 𝑇3,4 − 𝑇1,4 = 𝑇2,5 + 𝑇2,3 ⟶ 4𝑇2,4 − 𝑇3,4 − 100 = 200 + 117.403
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
4𝑇3,4 − 𝑇4,4 − 𝑇2,4 = 𝑇3,5 + 𝑇3,3 ⟶ 4𝑇3,4 − 𝑇4,4 − 𝑇2,4 = 200 + 145.075
3 3 3 2 3 3 3
4𝑇4,4 − 𝑇5,4 − 𝑇3,4 = 𝑇4,5 + 𝑇4,3 ⟶ 4𝑇4,4 − 300 − 𝑇3,4 = 200 + 200.215
Solving these equations:
3 3 3
𝑇2,4 = 148.956, 𝑇3,4 = 178.423, 𝑇4,4 = 219.659

𝑘=3

5 200 200 200

4 100 149 178.4 219.7 300

3 100 117.4 145.1 200.2 300

2 100 76.6 88.5 142.2 300

1 0 0 0

𝑗
𝑖 1 2 3 4 5

Continue with iterations until the change in solution is negligible.

19
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Problem 5.1:
Consider the two-dimensional inviscid, steady, incompressible flow through a chamber
described by the stream function as shown in figure:

The flow is governed by the following equation:

𝜕2Ψ 𝜕2Ψ
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
Determine the streamline pattern within the chamber. Take Δ𝑥 = Δ𝑦 = 0.2.

20
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

Solution:
Difference equation:
Ψ𝑖+1,𝑗 + Ψ𝑖−1,𝑗 + Ψ𝑖,𝑗+1 + Ψ𝑖,𝑗−1 − 4Ψ𝑖,𝑗 = 0

Boundary conditions:
Ψ1,𝑗 = 0, Ψ𝑖,26 = 0
Ψ1→6,1 = 0, Ψ7→26,1 = 100
Ψ26,1→16 = 100, Ψ26,17→26 = 0

The problem is then solved in the same manner as the previous one.

21
 Computational Fluid Dynamics

The contour lines of the stream function are the streamlines.

22