Measures of Position Measures of Position

 Measures of position – include not only central location but also any
position depending on the number of equal divisions in a given
distribution.
 Fractiles or quantiles – the measures of position that describe or locate
the position of certain non-central pieces of data relative to the entire
set of data.
- are values below which a specific fraction or percentage of the
observations in a given set must fall.
 Measures of position – include not only central location but also any
position depending on the number of equal divisions in a given
distribution.
 Fractiles or quantiles – the measures of position that describe or locate
the position of certain non-central pieces of data relative to the entire
set of data.
- are values below which a specific fraction or percentage of the
observations in a given set must fall.

MEASURES OF POSITION OF UNGROUPED DATA MEASURES OF POSITION OF UNGROUPED DATA

A. Quartiles – divide a distribution into four equal parts. Q1 or the first quartile locates A. Quartiles – divide a distribution into four equal parts. Q1 or the first quartile
the point which is greater than 25% of the items in the distribution. locates the point which is greater than 25% of the items in the distribution.

3𝑁 3𝑁
𝑄3 = th item 𝑄3 = th item
4 4
Q3 is the 3rd
quartile Q3 is the 3rd
quartile
(means that 75% of the observations lie below this value) (means that 75% of the observations lie below this value)

2𝑁 2𝑁
𝑄2 = th item or the median 𝑄2 = th item or the median
4 4
Q2 is the 2nd quartile Q2 is the 2nd quartile

𝑁 𝑁
𝑄1 = th item 𝑄1 = th item
4 4
Q1 is the 1st quartile Q1 is the 1st quartile

B. Deciles – are values that divide a distribution into 10 equal parts. B. Deciles – are values that divide a distribution into 10 equal parts.

𝑁 𝑁
𝐷1 = th item 𝐷1 = th item
10 10
D1 is the 1st decile D1 is the 1st decile

3𝑁 3𝑁
𝐷3 = th item 𝐷3 = th item
10 10
D3 is the 3rd decile D3 is the 3rd decile

5𝑁 5𝑁
𝐷5 = th item or the median 𝐷5 = th item or the median
10 10
D5 is the 5th decile D5 is the 5th decile

C. Percentiles- are values that divide the distribution into 100 equal parts. P 10 of the C. Percentiles- are values that divide the distribution into 100 equal parts. P 10 of the
tenth percentile locates the point that is greater than 10 percent of the items in the tenth percentile locates the point that is greater than 10 percent of the items in the
distribution. distribution.
𝑁 𝑁
𝑃1 = th item 𝑃1 = th item
100 100
P1 is the 1st percentile P1 is the 1st percentile

25𝑁 25𝑁
𝑃25 = th item or Q1 𝑃25 = th item or Q1
100 100
P25 is the 25th percentile P25 is the 25th percentile

50𝑁 50𝑁
𝑃50 = th item or the median 𝑃50 = th item or the median
100 100
P50 is the 50th percentile P50 is the 50th percentile
67 𝑁 67 𝑁
𝑃67 = th item 𝑃67 = th item
100 100
P67 is the 67th percentile P67 is the 67th percentile

Example 1 Example 1

Calculate Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, D1, D4, D5, D7, P10, P25, P50, and P70 for the following IQ scores: Calculate Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, D1, D4, D5, D7, P10, P25, P50, and P70 for the following IQ scores:

87, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 103, 87, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 98, 99, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 101, 101, 102, 102, 102, 103,
104, 105, 107, 110 104, 105, 107, 110