 These insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals

extracted from seeds, flowers, leaves, stem and roots

are termed as Botanical Insecticides.
 These products are used to kill or repel insects that
consists of dried, ground plant material, crude plant
extracts, or chemicals isolated from plants.
 The recorded use of plant material or plant extracts
for insect control dates back at least 200 years.
 Insect Toxins derived from certain plants.
 Quick action On target pests.
 Board Spectrum action (Non-selective).
 Do not persist in environment.
Factors affecting use of Botanical Insecticides
 Raw material availability
 Solvent types,plant species and part of plant
 Rapid degradation
 State registration
 Market opportunities for Botanical pesticides
 Weather conditions
 The Botanical Insecticides are divided into two generations:

 The 1st generation included:

 Nicotine, Rotenone, Ryania, Pyrethrum.

 The 2nd generation included:

 Synthetic pyrethroids and Neem products

 Potential new Botanicals:

 Annonaceous Acetogenins, Sucrose Ester
 Characteristics-
 Sources-Tobacco Plant (from leaves), Contact and fumigants
action
 Mode of Action-
 Nicotine sulphate acts upon the central nervous system of the
insects.It has both contact as well as fumigation action.
 Uses-
 Nicotine sulphate 40% is used to kill aphids,
bugs,worms,leafhoppers and similar sucking insects which
attack and destroy fruit,vegetables,crops and even flowers.It
is also effective against lice, mites and ticks which are a
menace to livestock.
 Characteristics-
 Sources-Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (from flower)
 Mode of Action-
 Pyrethrum is a naturlly derived, professional-grade pesticide
which attacks the nervous system of a wide spectrum of pest
insects
 Uses-
 Used against aphids, cucumber beetles, caaterpillars and
small sized and immature insects.
 Characteristics-
 Sources- full-grown neem tree yields 50kg fruit annually and
350kg of leaves.
 Mode of Action-
 Neem oil is not a contact poison. It does not kill insect pests
directly.It is systemic in action, mainly affecting the feeding
as well as growth and development of insects. Nothing will
happen immediately even if you spray the oil on them, so
people often come to the conclusion that neem oil is
ineffective and just all type.
 Uses-
 Used against immature insects as foliar spray
 Often these plants also have other uses like household insect
or are plants with medicinal applications.
 Some of these products may be used shortly before
harvesting.
 Many of these products act very quickly inhibiting insect
feeding
 Since most of these products have a stomach action and are
rapidly decomposed they may be more selective to insect
pests.
 Most of these compounds are not phytotoxic..
 Most of these products are not truly pesticides are not truly
pesticides since many are merely insect deterrents and their
effect is slow.
 They are rapidly degraded by UV light so that their residual
action is short.
 They are not necessarily available season long.
 There are no legal registrations establishing their use.
 Not all recommendations followed by growers have been
scientifically verified.