Transmisi Tenaga Listrik

Konstanta Umum
2020
Saluran transmisi pendek

IS Z=R+jωL IR
VS = VR + I R Z VS 1 Z VR
VS VR IS = IS
IR 0 1 IR

VR NL − VR FL
%Reg Teg = x100%
VR FL

VS VS VS

IR
IR VR IR VR VR

2
Saluran transmisi menengah
IS Z IR

VS Y Y VR VS A B VR
2 2
IS C D IR
Π nominal
ZY
 Y  A = D =1+
Vs = VR + I R  Z + VR 2
 2  B=Z
 ZY   ZY 
= + 1 VR + Z I R C = Y 1 +
 2  
 4 
Y Y
I s = Vs + VR + I R
2 2
 ZY   ZY 
= 1 +  Y VR +  + 1 I R
 4   2 
3
 IS Z IR
VS A B VR
VS Y Y VR
2 2 IS C D IR

T nominal ZY
A = D = 1+
2
 ZY 
B = Z 1 + 
 4 
C =Y

4
Saluran transmisi panjang

Impedans dan admitans tersebar merata sepanjang saluran

Ix+ΔI Ix x → 0
V
V = I z x = Iz dV
x = Iz
VS Vx+ΔV Vx
dx
VR

x → 0
I
I = Vy X = Vy dI
Δx x x = VY
dx
d 2V dI d 2V
2
=z → 2
= yZV
dx dx dx

d 2I dV d 2I
= y → = yZ I
dx2 dx dx 2

5
 x −x
V = A1e + A2 e  = yz
dV
=  A1ex − A2e−x
dx
d 2V x −x
=  2
A1e +  2
A2 e
dx 2
=  2V

dV
= I Z = yz A1e yz x
− yz A2 e − yz x

dx
1 1
I= A1e yz x − A2 e − yz x

y/z y/z
6
 x=0
V = VR = A1 + A2
z
( A1 − A2 ) = A1 − A2
1 Zc =
I = IR = y
z/ y Zc impedans karakteris tik

VR + I R Z c VR − I R Z c
A1 = A2 =
2 2

VR + I R Z c x VR − I R Z c x  = yz
Vx = e + e
2 2 konstanta rambatan

VR / Z c + I R x VR / Z c − I R x
Ix = e + e
2 2
7
Vx = VR cosh x + I R Z c sinh  x
e + e − e − e −
cosh = sinh  =
1
I x = VR sinh  x + I R cosh x 2 2
Zc

x=
VS = VR cosh  + I R Z c sinh  
1
I S = VR sinh  + I R cosh 
Zc
A = D = cosh
VS A B VR
IS C D IR B = Z c sinh 
sinh 
C=
Zc
8
 Vs
I R = I s cosh − sinh 
Zc
VR = Vs cosh − I z Z c sinh 

sinh (  + j ) = sinh   cos   + j cosh  sinh  

cosh(  + j ) = cosh  cos   + j sinh   sinh  

9
Untai ekivalen saluran transmisi panjang

IS Z’ IR   
Z ' = Z c sinh  tanh  
Y' Y
=  2
VS Y’ Y’ VR z 
2 2 = sinh  2 2
y 2
Π ekivalen sinh 
= z

sinh 
=Z ; Z = z


10
 = yz =  + j : konstanta rambatan eαx

1
VR + I R Z c x x VR − I R Z c −x − x e-αx
Vx = e e + e e
2 2 x=0
VR
teg datang teg pantul
(incident voltage) (reflected voltage) ejβx=cosβx + jsinβx=1 βx

ω ωt+βx

1
 : konstanta redaman  : konstanta fase
[neper/sat pnjang] [radian/sa t pnjang]

2
panjang gelombang  = sat. panjang


kecepatan gelombang v = f  sat. panjang / s

11
 : panjang elektrik
pertimbang an stabilitas  maks = 90o dalam praktek  = 20o s/d 90 o

2 2f 2f
 = = = 
 V 300.000

1,57  300.000
 = 90 = 1,57 radian
o
= km
2f
f = 50 Hz  = 1500 km
f = 0 Hz  =~ km

0,523  300.000
 = 30o = 1,57radian = km
2f
f = 50 Hz  = 500 km
f = 0 Hz  =~ km

12
saluran datar (flat line)
saluran tak berhingga (infinite line)

VS VR ZC

impedans surja ZC = L
C resistans murni
2
VL VL
SIL = 3 VL I L = 3 VL = MW
L L
3 C C

SIL : Surge Impedance Loading

13
TERIMA KASIH

14