Lecture 10

Lecture 10
Methods of Integration
Prepared
Methods by
of Integration
Dr Mohamed Adel & Dr Mahmoud Mansour
1 Integration by Parts
The integration by parts formula states that
Z Z
u dv = uv v du

This formula comes from the product formula for di¤erentials

d (uv) = u dv + v du
and the linearity of integration, which implies that
Z Z Z
d (uv) = u dv + v du
R
and the fundamental theorem of calculus, which allows you to replace d (uv) by uv in the
formula for integration by parts.
Examples
R 1 x2
1) x ln x dx; let u = ln x and dv = x dx; then du = dx and v = : Hence,
x 2
Z Z
x2 1 1
x ln xdx = ln x x2 dx
2 2 x
2 Z
x 1
= ln x x dx
2 2
x2 x2
= ln x + c:
2 4
R
2) x cos x dx; let u = x and dv = cos x dx; then du = dx and v = sin x: Hence,
Z Z
x cos xdx = x sin x sin x dx
= x sin x + cos x + c:
R 2
3) x + 3 ex dx; let u = x2 + 3 and dv = ex dx; then du = 2x dx and v = ex : Hence,
Z Z
2 x 2 x
x + 3 e dx = x + 3 e 2 xex dx

= x2 + 3 ex 2I: (*)

1
 R
I= xex dx; let u = x and dv = ex dx; then du = dx and v = ex : Hence,
Z
x
I = xe ex dx
= xex ex :
From (*), then
Z
x2 + 3 ex dx = x2 + 3 ex 2 (xex ex )

= x2 ex 2xex + 5ex :
R
4) ex cos x dx; let u = ex and dv = cos x dx; then du = ex dx and v = sin x: Hence,
Z Z
x x
I = e cos xdx = e sin x ex sin x dx
I = ex sin x I1 ;

Z
I1 = ex sin x dx; let u = ex and dv = sin xdx; thendu = ex dx andv = cos x;

then,
Z
x
I1 = e cos x + ex cos x dx
I1 = ex cos x + I;
Hence,
I = ex sin x I1 = ex sin x ( ex cos x + I)
I = ex sin x + ex cos x I
2I = ex (sin x + cos x)
1
I = ex (sin x + cos x) + c:
2
R 1x 1
5) sin dx; let u = sin 1 x and dv = dx then du = p dx and v = x: Hence,
1 x2
Z Z
1 1 x
I = sin xdx = x sin x p dx
1 x 2
Z
1 1 2x
I = x sin x p dx
( 2) 1 x 2
Z
1 1 1
I = x sin x + 2x 1 x2 2 dx
2
p
I = x sin 1 x + 1 x2 + c:

2
 R R
6) sec3 x dx = sec x sec2 x dx;let u = sec x and dv = sec2 x dx then du = sec x tan x
dx and v = tan x:
Hence,
Z Z
I = sec x sec2 x dx = sec x tan x sec x tan2 x dx
Z
I = sec x tan x sec x sec2 x 1 dx
Z Z
3
I = sec x tan x sec x dx + sec x dx
Z
2I = sec x tan x + sec x dx
2I = sec x tan x + ln jsec x + tan xj
1
I = (sec x tan x + ln jsec x + tan xj) + c:
2
Z
1
7) ln x dx;let u = ln x and dv = dx then du = dx and v = x: Hence,
x
Z Z
I = ln xdx = x ln x dx
I = x ln x x + c:
Z Z
ln x 3 ln x 3 dx then du 1 1 2:
8) dx = x dx; let u = ln x and dv = x = dx and v = x
x3 x 2
Hence,

Z Z
3 1 1 21
I = x ln x dx = x 2 ln x + x dx
Z 2 2 x
1 1
I = 2
ln x + x 3 dx
2x 2
1 1 2
I = 2
ln x x + c:
2x 4

3
 Z Z Z
9) I = sin3 x cos2 x dx = sin2 x cos2 x (sin x dx) = 1 cos2 x cos2 x ( sin x dx) ;
let y = cos x =) dy = sin x dx, then
Z
I = 1 cos2 x cos2 x ( sin x dx)
Z Z
2 2
I = 1 y y dy = y 4 y 2 dy

y5 y3
I = +c
5 3
(cos x)5 (cos x)3
I = + c:
5 3