326 MATHEMATICS

x dx 1 dt
∫ ∫
2
Therefore, = – = – t = − 1− x
1− x 2 2 t

x sin – 1 x
Hence, ∫ 1− x 2
dx = (sin – 1 x) – 1 − x2 − ∫( 1− x
) 1
2
( – 1 − x 2 ) dx

2 −1 2 −1
= – 1− x sin x + x + C = x – 1 − x sin x + C
Alternatively, this integral can also be worked out by making substitution sin–1 x = θ and
then integrating by parts.

∫e
x
Example 21 Find sin x dx

Solution Take ex as the first function and sin x as second function. Then, integrating
by parts, we have

I = ∫ ex sin x dx = ex ( – cos x) + ∫ e xcos x dx

= – e x cos x + I1 (say) ... (1)
x
Taking e and cos x as the first and second functions, respectively, in I1 , we get
I 1 = e sin x – ∫ e sin x dx
x x

Substituting the value of I1 in (1), we get

I = – ex cos x + ex sin x – I or 2I = ex (sin x – cos x)
ex
Hence, I = ∫ e x sin x dx =
(sin x – cos x) + C
2
Alternatively, above integral can also be determined by taking sin x as the first function
and ex the second function.

∫e
x
7.6.1 Integral of the type [ f ( x) + f ′ ( x)] dx

I = ∫ e x [ f ( x) + f ′( x)] dx = ∫ e f ( x) dx + ∫ e f ′(x) dx
x x
We have

= I1 + ∫ e f ′(x) dx, where I1 = ∫ e f ( x) dx

x x
... (1)
x
Taking f(x) and e as the first function and second function, respectively, in I 1 and

∫ f ′(x) e dx + C
x
integrating it by parts, we have I1 = f (x) ex –
Substituting I1 in (1), we get
I = e f ( x) − ∫ f ′( x) e dx + ∫ e f ′( x) dx + C = ex f (x) + C
x x x
 INTEGRALS 327

∫e
x
Thus, [ f ( x ) + f ′( x )] dx = e x f ( x ) + C

1 (x 2 + 1) ex
Example 22 Find (i) ∫ e x (tan – 1 x +
1 + x2
) dx (ii) ∫ (x + 1)2 dx
Solution
1
(i) We have I = ∫ e (tan x +
x –1
) dx
1 + x2
1
Consider f (x) = tan– 1x, then f ′(x) =
1 + x2
Thus, the given integrand is of the form ex [ f (x) + f ′(x)].
1
Therefore, I = ∫ ex (tan – 1 x + ) dx = ex tan– 1 x + C
1+ x 2

( x2 +1) ex 2
x x – 1 +1+1)
(ii) We have I = ∫ dx = ∫ e [ ] dx
(x +1) 2 (x +1) 2

x2 – 1 2 x –1 2
= ∫e x [ 2
+ 2
] dx = ∫ e x [ + ] dx
(x +1) ( x+1) x +1 (x +1) 2

x −1 2
Consider f (x ) = , then f ′( x) =
x +1 ( x + 1) 2
Thus, the given integrand is of the form ex [f (x) + f ′(x)].
x2 + 1 x x −1 x
Therefore, ∫ (x + 1)2 e dx = x + 1 e + C

EXERCISE 7.6
Integrate the functions in Exercises 1 to 22.
1. x sin x 2. x sin 3x 3. x2 ex 4. x log x
5. x log 2x 6. x2 log x 7. x sin– 1 x 8. x tan–1 x
x cos −1 x
9. x cos–1 x 10. (sin–1x) 2 11. 12. x sec2 x
2
1− x
13. tan –1x 14. x (log x)2 15. (x2 + 1) log x