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The information presented in this application guide is for review, approval, interpretation and application by a registered professional engineer only. SKM disclaims any responsibility
and liability resulting from the use and interpretation of this information.
Reproduction of this material is permitted provided proper acknowledgement is given to SKM Systems Analysis Inc.
Purpose
The purpose of this guide is to provide basic information about generator thermal limit curves and characteristic landmarks necessary for plotting on time-current curves, for the
purpose of equipment overcurrent protection.
Rated continuous current carrying capacity of a motor at a referenced ambient temperature and allowable temperature rise, see table 1.
Max Amb. Hot Spot Temp. Temp. Total Temp. Insul. Insul.
Temp. Temp. Rise Rise Rise Temp. Temp.
40°C 5°C Class A 60°C 105°C Class A 105°C
The short time thermal capability or overload curve represents the permissible output capability under emergency conditions. This curve is not meant as an indication of continuous
overload capability, and should never be used to schedule running overload operations. Repeated operation up to and beyond the running overload curve will reduce insulation life.
The short-time thermal capability of cylindrical rotor generators as defined in ANSI C37.50 is listed in Table 2.
The short circuit withstand capability point represents the maximum time the machine can withstand a 3-Øshort circuit at its terminals without damage when operating at rated kVA
and power factor, at 5 percent over-voltage, with field excitation.
Decrement Curve
The decrement curve represents the current output of the machine considering a 3-Øfault applied at or near its terminals. The current output is defined by the following equations.
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Example
Plot the characteristic landmarks for a 750kVA, 480V, 902A synchronous generator with the following characteristics.
Solution
In the submittal package from the generator manufacturer the overload capability at rated operating (hot) temperature is listed as
1.45 1080.0
1.65 420.0
2.00 180.0
The manufacturer also lists a sustained short circuit capability of 300% line current for 5 seconds. The decrement curve will be calculated using equation (1) from 0.01 to 5 seconds.
Time(sec.) C DC Total
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• IEEE Std 242, IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book)
• IEEE Std C37.102, IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection
• IEEE Std C37.101, IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection
• ANSI C50.13, Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators
• NEMA MG-1, Motors and Generators
Insulating Materials
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