Personenlijst

 Nooyi
o Former CEO of Pepsi
o One of the most powerful women on earth
 Modhi
o President of India
o From the BJP-party
 Shiv Sena
o From the BJP-party
o Pro-Maharaja
 Siddhartha Gautama
o Better known as the buddha
o Prince in the north of India (Bodh Gaya)
o Ontdekt four noble truths
 Dukkha
 Samsara
 Nirvana
 The noble eightful path
 Brahma
o The creator
 Shiva
o The destroyer
 Vishnu
o The preserver
 Guru Nanak
o Lay the origins of Sikism
o Syncretism between Hinduism and islam
o Monotheist
o Singing and meditation are important
 King Menander (2e eeuw VC)
o From the Indo-Greek kingdom
o Buddhist
 Chandragupta Maurya
o Taught by Kautilya, the author of the Arthashastra
o Defeated Magadha and Seleucids
o Embraced Jainism
o Stichter Maurya-rijk
o First emperor who unites big parts of India
 Ashoka the Great
o Defeated Kalinga
o Introduced fifty years of peace
o Emperor of the Maurya empire
 o Geweldloosheid
 Kanishka
o Ruled the Kushan empire
o Important due his patronage to Buddhism
o Under his rule is expanded Buddhism to Central-Asia and China
o Kingdom/empire during which has Buddhism interaction
o On the top of Kushan expansion
 Chandra Gupta I
o Founder of the Gupta empire
o Via marriage
o Own jaartelling
 Chandra Gupta II
o Much expansion
 Kalidasa
o Named the Shakespear of India
o Greatest poet and dramatist of India
 Aryabhata
o One of the most important mathematicians of world history
o Invented number zero
o Also important in eclipses
 Harshavardhana
o The only one who united India between the Gupta’s and the sultanate of Dehli
 Pulakeshin II
o Most important emperor of the Chalukya’s
 Vijayaditya
o Peace and prosperity
o Chalukya
o Building of temples
 Rajaraja Chola
o Conquered Sri Lanka and the Maledives
 Rajendra Chola I
o Srivijaya
o Ganga
o Embassies to China
 Kambar
o Pioneer in Tamil literature
o In times of the Chola dynasty
 Mahmud of Ghazni
o First Islamic ruler
o First raids than conquer
 Muhammad of Ghor
o Conquered east of Pakistan and North of India
 Qutb al-Din Aibak
o First sultan of Dehli
o Wist zijn eigen rijk te stichten na de dood van Muhammad of Ghor
 Iltutmish
o Third Mamluk sultan of Dehli
 Razia Sultana
o Sultan of Dehli
o Daughter of Iltutmish
 Alauddin Khalji
o Most important Sultan of the khaljidynasty
o Reformed taxes after Mongolian invadors
 Muhammad bin Thughluq
o Second emperor of the Thughluq dynasty
 Moinuddin Chishti
o Sufi order
 Babur
o First Mughal ruler
o Before: a king of Kabul
o Descendant of Genghis Khan
o 1526: defeats the Lodi Sultan at Panipat
 Humayun
o Has to flee for a time
o Seeks help from the Safavids and returns
 Growing Persian influence
 Sher shah Suri
o Stategist and administrator
o New civic and military administration
 Akbar the Great
o Tolerance
 Alliance with the Rajputs: marriages and allowing them into nobility
 Din-i-Ilahi: syncretic religion with Akbar in the centre
 Patronage of the Chishtiyya Sufi order
 Building of Fatehpur Sikri (capital in 1571-84)
o State-building
 Military: 33 classes of mansabdars who each supplied troops
 Taxation: dahsala system (1/3 of the avarage production)
 Art and culture: library of over 24,000 volumes
 Territorial expansion: empire tripled in size and wealth
o Serious expansion
 Jahangir
o Continuation of Akbar’s policies
 Shah Jahan
o Had a few building projects
 Aurangzeb
o Has to fight a succession war with his brother Dara Shikoh
o Increasing religious orthodoxy
o Territorial expansion in the Deccan
o Victories, but seeds of decline
 Nader Shah
o Important sjah of the Persians
o Has an empire tot India
 Ahmad Shah Durrani
o Founder of the Duranni empire
o Founder of modern Afghanistan
 Robert Clive
 Warren Hastings
 Lord Cornwallis
 Richard Wellesley
o Brother of the duke of Wellington
 Lord Bentinck
o Famous because of his reforms
 Marquess of Dalhousie
o Reforms that trigger the Indian mutiny
 Tipu Sultan
o Fought four wars with the British
 Alliance with the French
 Agreement with Louis XVI
 Jamsedji Tata
o Businessmen of the Tata Iran & Steel company
 Robert Bulwer-Lytton
o 1st Earl of Lytton
o Viceroy of India (1876-1880)
o Acts
 Great famine
 Durbar
 Second Afghan war
 Vernacular Press act
 Maximum age limit ICS 19 years
 Lift of import tariffs on British cotton
 George Robinson
o 1st Marquess of Ripon
o Viceroy of India (1880-1884)
o Acts
 Withdrawal of the Vernacular Press Act
 End to the Afghan war
 Municipal councils act
  Ilbert Bill on Criminal jurisdiction (rejected)
 Ram Mohan Roy
o Contacts with missionaries
o Employed by East India Company
o Start the reform movement
 Religious
 Social
 Education
o 1828: Brahmo Samaj
 Swami Vivekanda
o Ramakrishna mission
o Contributed to Hindu revival in India
o Introduced Vedanta and yoga to the western world
 Travels
 Parliament of the World’s Religions
o Supported interfaith dialogue
 Radindranath Tagore
o Relatives of him active in the Brahmo Samaj
o Writer of poems and novels (in Bengali and English)
 Gitanjali
 India’s national anthem
o Musician, painter, …
o Educationalist: Santiniketan
 Dadabhai Naoroji
o First Indian trade company in UK
o Co-founder INC
o First Indian MP in UK house of commons
 Gopal Krishna Gokhale
o Elected to the Bombay legislative council and to the imperial council of the
governor-general of India
o Senior leader of INC
o Moderate: constitutional means cooperation with the British
 Syed Ahmad Khan
o Founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental college
 Modernization and emancipation
 English and Urdu
 1920: renamed Aligarh Muslim University
o Leaves INC in 1887
 INC could not represent India’s ‘two distinct communities’
 Annie Besant
o Women’s rights activist in Britain
o Marxist
o Gained interest in Theosophy (became president of the Theosophic Society)
 o Worked for Indian education
o Indian home rule league
o INC president
 Bal Gangadhar Tilak
o Teacher and journalist
 Deccan education society
 Kesari (the lion)
o Joined INC
o More radical
 Restoration of the Maratha empire
 Mobilization via religious festivals
 Violence
 Svaraj
 Home rule league
 Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
o Studied in England, inspired by studies on rebellion and revolts
o Involved in revolutionary movement
o Integral yoga and Sri Aurobindo ashram
 Lord Curzon
 Lord Kitchner
 Gandhi
o Long stays in Britain and South Africa
o Convinced of Indian unity
o Turns INC into a mass party
o New protest techniques (Satyagraha, fast, …)
o First Satyagraha campaign
o Gandhi to the background in the mid 1920s
o Quit India movement
 Motilal Nehru
o New generation of Indian opposition
o NOT young
o More moderate than his son
 Jawaharlal Nehru
o Clashes with his father in 1930s
o Became first PM
 Combining it with foreign minister post
o Governance see cursus
 Bhagat Singh
o Revolutionary
 Killed a British police agent
 Sentenced to death, but not ratified
 Muhammad ‘Allama’ Iqbal
o Poet in Urdu and Persian
 o Muslim philosophical thinker
o ‘spiritual father of Pakistan’ (founder of the two nations theory)
 Muslims and non-muslims
 Not call for a separate state!
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah
o Long leader of the muslim league
o For a short period member of the INC
o Indian home rule league
o Pakistan’s first Governor-General
 Subhash Chandra Bose
o Indian national army
o Fight with Japan against the British
o Defeated in Manipur
 Lord Mountbatten
o Last viceroy of India
 Vallabhbbhai Patel
o Minister of Internal affairs
o Responsible for other transformations in independent India
 About the indirect ruled states in India
o Never belonged to the NIC
 The reason why there are large statues of him
 Ambedkar
o Supervising the constitution of India
 Lal Bahadur Shastri
o Second India-Pakistani war
 Indira Gandhi
o Details see cursus
 Rajiv Gandhi
o Son of Indira
o New wind
 Young and modern image
 Liberal measures ending the license raj
 Indian peace keeping force in Sri Lanka
o Minority government
o Assassinated by a Tamil
o Less connection with India, because he studied in Cambridge
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