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  • Endocrine System

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    Priscila Alvarado
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    The document describes the major endocrine glands and their hormones. The pineal gland produces melatonin to promote sleep. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that signal the pituitary gland to release its hormones. The pituitary gland then releases hormones that target the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes and other glands. These glands produce hormones like insulin, estrogen, testosterone that regulate processes like metabolism, stress response, development and reproduction.

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    The document describes the major endocrine glands and their hormones. The pineal gland produces melatonin to promote sleep. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that signal the pituitary gland to release its hormones. The pituitary gland then releases hormones that target the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes and other glands. These glands produce hormones like insulin, estrogen, testosterone that regulate processes like metabolism, stress response, development and reproduction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 views3 pages

    Endocrine System

    Uploaded by

    Priscila Alvarado
    The document describes the major endocrine glands and their hormones. The pineal gland produces melatonin to promote sleep. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that signal the pituitary gland to release its hormones. The pituitary gland then releases hormones that target the thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, testes and other glands. These glands produce hormones like insulin, estrogen, testosterone that regulate processes like metabolism, stress response, development and reproduction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Endocrine System

    Gland Hormones Hormone functions

    Pineal gland 1. Melatonin → Melatonin: promotes sleep by inducing drowsiness and lowering temperature

    Hypothalamus 1. Thyrotropin releasing hormone → signals release of TSH


    2. Corticotropin releasing hormone → signals release of ACTH
    3. Growth hormone releasing hormone → signals release GH
    4. Prolactin releasing hormone → signals release of prolactin
    5. Gonadotropin releasing hormone → signals release of gonadotropins

    Pituitary gland 1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)


    2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    3. Growth hormone (GH) → GH: growth and development
    4. Prolactin → Prolactin: milk production
    5. Gonadotropins:
    -luteinizing hormone (LH)
    -follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
    6. Oxytocin → Oxytocin: milk ejection and uterine contractions
    7. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) → ADH: stops urination; fluid retention

    Thyroid gland 1. T3 → T3, T4: metabolism


    2. T4: Thyroxine
    3. Calcitonin → Calcitonin: decreases calcium in the blood

    Parathyroid glands 1. Parathyroid hormone → Parathyroid hormone: increases calcium in the blood

    Pancreas 1. Insulin → Insulin: decreases blood sugar


    2. Glucagon → Glucagon: increases blood sugar
    Adrenal glands Cortex:
    1. Aldosterone → Aldosterone: regulates salt and water
    2. Cortisol → Cortisol: stress hormone
    3. Androgens:
    -Testosterone

    Medulla:
    1. Adrenergic stimulants: → Adrenergic stimulants: stimulate fight or flight
    -Epinephrine (adrenaline)
    -Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
    -Dopamine

    Kidneys 1. Erythropoetin → Erythropoeitin: stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs


    (exocrine, not 2. Renin → Renin: indirectly regulates fluid balance and blood pressure; helps make
    endocrine, but it angiotensin
    makes hormones) ➢ Angiotensin: promotes aldosterone secretion to raise BP

    Ovaries 1. Estrogen → Estrogen: maturation of female sex organs and development of secondary
    2. Progesterone sex characteristics
    → Progesterone: regulates menstrual cycle and preps the body for conception
    and pregnancy

    Testes 1. Testosterone → Testosterone: maturation of male sex organs and development of secondary
    sex characteristics

    Thymus 1. Thymosin → Thymosin: produce T cells

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