INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted to the PSG College of Arts & Science (Autonomous) in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Commerce of the Bharathiar
University, Coimbatore.

SUBMITTED BY
KOWSAVI V
18BCO629

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr.T.KAVIPRIYA, M.Com., MBA., M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (UN AIDED)

PSG COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE

An Autonomous College - Affiliated to Bharathiar University

Accredited with A Grade by NAAC (3rd Cycle)
College with Potential for excellence
(Status awarded by the UGC)
Star College Status Awarded by DBT- MST
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
COIMBATORE – 641 014

MARCH 2021
 PSG COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE
COIMBATORE
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (UNAIDED – EVENING)

INTERNSHIP REPORT

NAME OF THE STUDENT : KOWSAVI V

CLASS : III – B. COM B
REG. NO. : 18BCO629
NAME & ADDRESS OF THE COMPANY :PR READYMIX, SANGAGIRI MAIN
ROAD,UTHAMASOLAPURAM, SALEM.
DATE OF SUBMISSION :

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

VIVA VOCE CONDUCTED ON :

EXAMINERS:

1._________________________

2._________________________
 DECLARATION

I, KOWSAVI V. 18BCO629 hereby declare that the report of the INTERNSHIP

Submitted is an original work done by me at PR Ready Mix Works during the period 11.02.2021
to 27.02.2021 submitted to Department of Commerce (Unaided- Evening), PSG college of Arts &
Science, Coimbatore (Autonomous) partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree
of Bachelor of Commerce of the Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take immense pleasure in thanking Mr. L. Gopalakrishnan, Managing Trustee, PSG

College of Arts & Science, for extending his support.

I take immense pleasure in thanking Dr. T. Kannaian, M.Sc., M.Tech., Ph.D., Secretary,
PSG College of Arts & Science, for extending his support.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. D. Brindha, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal, PSG
College of Arts & Science, for extending her support.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. A. Anguraj, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Vice Principal
and Dr. M. Umarani M.BA., M.Phil., Ph.D., Faculty In-Charge Students Affairs, PSG College
of Arts & Science, for extending their support.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Y.S. Irine Jiji, M.Com., M.Phil., B.Ed., Ph.D.,
Associate Professor and Head, Department of Commerce Unaided Evening, PSG College of Arts
& Science for having provided me with the necessary facilities for doing the report work.

My sincere thanks to my guide, Dr.T. Kavipriya, M.Com., M.BA, M.Phil., Ph.D.,

PGDCA . Department of Commerce (Unaided Evening), for her immense support in preparing
the report.

I express my sincere thanks to the members of faculty, Department of Commerce (Unaided

Evening), PSG College of Arts & Science, for their constant help and brilliant idea for preparing
the report.
 INDEX

CHAPTERS CONTENT PAGE NO

I INTRODUCTION AND COMPANY PROFILE 1

II OVERVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT 14

III WORK DONE IN THE DEPARTMENT - DATEWISE 36

IV CONCLUSION 39
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND
COMPANY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION:
The concept of RMC came to India in 1950’s but remained confined to Mega-projects as
captive mechanized batching mixing plants. Growth of commercial RMC is a recent phonomenon
in India. During the past decade, the construction industry in India has witnessed remarkable
growth, in which the ready-mixed concrete (RMC) industry is a major player. During the past few
years, housing and infrastructure have remained major expansion areas . Faster speed and
improved quality of concrete have been the two major demands of these sectors.

The first commercial ready mixed concrete (RMC) facility in India was set up in pune in
1992 and was followed by establishment of similar facilities in Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai,
Delhi etc. . The growth of the construction industry, particularly the rapid expansion of the housing
and infrastructure sectors, placed heavy demand on speed as well as quality in concrete
construction. This gave an impetus to the growth of RMC industry.

HISTORY

Readymix is a second-generation family business established in 1962 by Mr. Ian Cocks in

Adelaide, Australia. Since then, the establishment has expanded its operations throughout South
East Asia, namely Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

In 1903 In 1913 In 1926

RMC was first patented The first delivery of The first transit mixer was
in Germany RMC was made in produced for delivering the
z BALTIMORE concrete

1
 In 1931 In 1953 in India In Mid 1990

Rmc plant was set up for RMC was first time used There were about 1100
the construction of for bhakhranagal Dam RMC plants in UK
Heathroew airport, pppprproject in India
London

In Europe in 1997 In 1993

In USA by 1990
There were 5850 The first RMC plant was
Around 72% (more
companies a total of setup in pune
than 2/3 rd) of cement
305 million cusecs of
produced was being
RMC
used by various RMC
plants

VISION

To be the First Choice for Sustainable Ready Mix Concrete Solutions.

MISSION

Readymix aims to be the leading supplier of concrete and concrete raw materials in our
markets by delivering quality products at competitive prices with professional service.

2
QUALITY ASSURANCE

Readymix is dedicated towards customer satisfaction and prioritizes the quality of its
production and service. To ensure quality, Readymix is equipped with testing laboratories
accredited by CPRU-Ministry of Development since 1994 and also ABCi certified.

VALUES

• Quality

We will maintain our customers’ trust by delivering the best quality products which meet their
expectations and set us apart in the market.

• Customer Service

We will deliver the best possible experience to our customers by exceeding their expectations
and keeping our promises.

• Continuous Improvement

We will never stop striving to make everything better than before in order to enhance
stakeholder experience.

• Sales Focused

To grow and prosper, sales must be at the heart of our business.

• Teamwork

We value our people above anything else. We are committed to their development and to
appreciating their contribution. By working together we can achieve anything.

• Self Discipline

Everyone has the right and responsibility to do what is right even when the rule is not there

3
COMPANY PROFILE:

COMPANY DETAILS

CIN U45201TZ2007PTC013429
Company name PR READYMIX INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
Company status Active
ROC RoC – Coimbatore
Registrartion number 13429
Address Sangagiri main road, Uthamasolapuram, Salem -
636010 (Opposite VSA college )
Email:prreadymix@gmail.com
Company category Company limited by shares
Company sub category Non-govt company
Class of company Private
Date of Incorporation 08 February 2007
Age of company 14 years
Activity Building of complete construction or parts

SHARE CAPITSAL AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Authorised capital 22,500,000

Paid up capital 21,721,000

4
LISTING AND ANNUAL COMPLIANCE DETAILS

Listing status Unlisted

Date of last annual general meeting 30 Spetember 2019
Date of latest balance sheet March 31, 2019

SCOPE OF READYMIX CONCRETE

1.Major concerting projects like dams, roads, bridges, tunnels, canals etc.

2. For concreting in clogged areas where the storage of materials is not possible.

3. Sites where the intensity of traffic causes problems.

4. there is less supervisor and labor staff

5. It can reduce the time required for construction etc.

6. Huge industrial and residential projects.

5
Need for ReadyMix Concrete

• Correct accountability ingredients

• Rapid development of infrastructure industry
• Increased demand of concrete
• Possibility of manufactured of desired grades
• Mega projects demand high input
• Timely suppluy of relaible concrete
• Better qulaity concrete is produced
• Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site
• Elimination of procurement/Hiring of plant and machinery
• Wastage of basic materials is avoided
• Requirement for higher grades of concrete

6
ADAVANTAGES OF READYMIX CONCRETE

• Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) allows speedy construction through programmed delivery at
site, mechanized operation with consequent economy.
• RMC reduces the labour cost and site supervising cost.
• RMC comes with consistency in quality through accurate & computerized control of sand
aggregates and water as per mix designs.
• Production of RMC helps in minimizing cement wastage due to bulk handling.
• Production of RMC is relatively pollution free.
• Reduced project time resulting in savings in all aspects.
• Proper control and economy in use of raw material resulting in saving of natural resources.

7
DISADVANTAGES OF READYMIC CONCRETE

• Need a huge initial investment.

• Not affordable for small projects (a small quantity of concrete)
• Unavailability of suitable land in cities at reasonable price
• Sales tax/ VAT on RMC
• The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing begins at that very plant. So
the travelling time from the plant to the site is critical over longer distances. Some sites are
just too far away, which can risk that ready mix concrete may become unusable due to
setting.
• It will generate additional road traffic. Generally, Ready Mix Trucks are large in size and
may cover lot of area in the road blocking other traffic. Furthermore, access roads and site
access have to be able to carry the greater weight of the ready-mix truck plus load. (Green
concrete is approx. 2.5 tonne per m³.) This problem can be overcome by utilizing so-called
‘mini mix’ companies which use smaller 4m³ capacity mixers able to reach more-restricted
sites.
• Concrete’s limited time span between mixing and curing means that ready-mix should be
placed within 210 minutes of batching at the plant. Modern admixtures can modify that
time span precisely, however, the amount and type of admixture added to the mix is very
important.

8
 Progressive growth of Ready Mix Concrete in India

TIME PERIOD IN CEMENT VOLUME OF

PHASE YEARS CONSUMPTION R.M.C PER YEAR

IN %

PHASE I 1992-2010 5-10% of cement 20 million cubic

consumption meter/RMC/year

PHASE II 2020-2050 20-25% of cement 70 million cubic

consumption meter/RMC/year

PHASE III 2050 onwards 25-40% of cement 100-150 million

consumption cubic
meter/RMC/year

Ready-Mix Concrete vs. Site-Mixed Concrete

• Ready-mix concrete is manufactured in a batch plant according to a set of specifications

provided by the customer. It is delivered in an unhardened and plastic state to the worksite,
and is usually sold by volume.

9
 • Site-mixed concrete is prepared at the worksite. Water, sand, gravel, air, and cement are
mixed in specific proportions to obtain the desired strength and durability. Site managers
use different formulas to determine the amount of materials and steps to get the desired
consistency.

Differences Between Ready-Mix Concrete and Site-Mixed Concrete

Time
• Ready-mix concrete is delivered to the worksite, ready to use. This saves time and money.
Site-mixed concrete, on the other hand, is prepared at the worksite. This process takes
longer as the steps to prepare the concrete for pouring are done on-site.

Storage Requirements
• Ready-mix concrete is delivered to the worksite. No additional space is required for storing
raw materials. Raw materials (such as cement and aggregates) used in making site-mixed
concrete must be stored onsite. They need a controlled storage space.

Labor Requirements
• Concrete batching plants use advanced techniques and equipment that automate the
production process. Ready-mix concrete manufacturers have less dependency on laborers.
Usually, only skilled laborers are required to pour and compact the concrete.
• When concrete is mixed onsite, both skilled and unskilled laborers are required for shifting
and mixing the mortar and laying it.

Waste
• The process of producing ready-mix concrete is automated (which reduces the likelihood
of human error). It is produced in a controlled environment. Material waste is minimal due
to efficient processes and workflows. When concrete is mixed at the site, some material
loss can occur during mixing and storage.

10
Quality

• Ready-mix concrete plants use sophisticated equipment and consistent methods. Consistent
quality is obtained, thanks to an automated and controlled manufacturing environment.
• When concrete is mixed onsite, controlling consistency can prove to be an uphill task.
Constant supervision is required to ensure consistency among batches.

Batch Size

• Large amounts of ready-mix concrete can be delivered to job sites. Mixing large amounts
of concrete onsite is both difficult and time-consuming.
• Ready-mix concrete has various benefits over site-mixed concrete. That, however, does
not mean that it is the better choice for every project. When deciding whether you should
use site-mixed or ready-mix concrete, consider every factor at play, including project size
and transportation requirements.

An ISO 9001 Certified Company

P R Readymix India Private Limited strives to stay on the leading edge of performance based
products to create the very best performing concrete on the market. Centrally located in
Coimbatore, we are able to service Coimbatore, Salem, Palladam, Tripur, Pollachi, etc.,

Types of Ready Mix Concrete or Grades Of Ready Mix Concrete

Following are the different types of ready mix concrete grades, Which can help you in the
building construction — you can use it in the driveway, pathway, slab, floor, foundation etc.

• ST1 or C7.5 — This mix can be used for stabling underground pipework and general
use where do not need real strength required.

• Gen 1 or C10 — For the non-load bearing wall, garden wall up to 900mm high and
footing mixes for home construction — these mixes are used.

11
• ST3 or C15 — This mix can be used for footing mix, houses/ bungalows and caravan
construction base.

• ST4 or C20 —If the construction areas ground is found to be soft or unstable for
footing mix in house construction then these mixes can be used. Used as the main
foundation to the floor of houses. Make strength bases for caravans and pathways —
can be latter using a 10mm aggregates for a smoother finish

• C25— For renovation house or bungalows and make good existing floor then you can
be used this mix on some special requirement. Farmers use it to make a passage for
machinery such as tractors and land rovers.

12
 ORGANISATION CHART

MANAGING
PARTNER

HUMAN PLANT HEAD ACCOUNTANT

RESOURCE

ACCOUNTS
ASSISTANT

QUALITY PRODUCTION LOGISTICS PURCHASE MAINTENANCE STORES

CONTROL MANAGER MANAGER OFFICER MANAGER INCHARGE
ENGINEER

QC LAB/ MECHANICS DRIVERS PLANT PUMP

FIELD AND OPERATOR OPERATOR
TECHNICIAN CLEANERS

PRODUCTION SUPRVISOR SUPERVISOR

CO-ORDINATOR (CEMENT, (METAL &
FLY ASH & SAND)
ADMIXTURE

13
 CHAPTER -II
OVERVIEW OF THE
DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENTS

• Production department
• Stores department
• Logistics department
• HR department
• Purchase department
• Security department
• Quality audit department
• sales department

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production department is the most important part in a business organization and is the department
which engages in the manufacturing or production of goods for the business organization. The
production department is headed by the production manager. Other workers in this department
include technicians, engineers, designers, machine operators etc.

14
• Inert raw material namely fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are stored in bins, where as cement
is stored in hopper.

• Water and admixtures are stored in tanks. The inert raw materials are fed to the batching plant
mixer by means of an aggregate belt conveyor.

• The required quantity cement is extracted by screw conveyor and fed into the mixer.

• Water and admixture are pumped into the mixer bye weight. After the mixing is completed, the
ready mixed concrete is discharges into the transit mixer which can then transport the concrete to
the construction site.

• All these above operation are controlled by a computer housed in the control room of the batching
plant.

Equipments required in RMC

• Inline bins
• Silos
• Screw Conveyor belt
• Concrete pumps
• Vibrator
• Transit mixers

Inline Bins

Inert raw materails like fine and coarse aggragates are stored in bins called as “INLINE BINS”

15
where the trucks carrying fine and coarse aggregate can dump the material easily.
Silos

Cement and fly ash are stored in an airtight container called as “silos”. The required quality of
cement and fly ash is extracted by the silos

Screw conveyor belt

Cement and fly ash are fed to holding hopper with the help of a screw conveyor. A heavy duty
cement screw conveyor is fixed in an inclined position to convey the cement frpm manual feeding
hopper to cement hopper.

Transit mixers

16
Transit mixers are made to transport and mix concrete upto the construction site. The discharge of
concrete is done from front or rear side of the transit mixer

Concrete pumps

A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping. There are two
types of concret pumps.

Vibrator

A vibrator is a mechanical device to generate vibrations to remove the air voids in concrete and for proper
compaction of concrete

17
Materials used in RMC

Raw Material used to produce Concrete

• Ready-mix concrete is made from
✓ cement,
✓ aggregate
✓ water
✓ air
• Aggregate make up majority of the concrete’s volume and the cement provides resistance
• Additives are incorporated into the mix to ensure particular properties such as improved
durability or shortened hardening times
• During the mixing phase, we control every step to ensure quality and uniformity

18
Aggregates

• Aggregates, which make up roughly 60% to 75% of ready mix concrete’s volume, are
obtained from quarries and aggregate banks.
Additives

• Additives are solid or liquid chemical substance that can be added to ready mix concrete
before or during preparation.
• Most commonly used additives either improve a hardened concrete’s durability or reduce
a concrete’s water content in an effort to shorten setting times.

19
 Water

• Water used for mixing of concrete shall be free from deleterious materials for steel and
concrete and shall conform to the requirements of IS 456. The frequency of testing water
shall be as specified in IS 4926.This is the mix’s vital fluid sets off a chemical reaction
when it comes into contact with the cement.

Cement

• Cement used in production shall conform to the relevant Indian Standard. Cement being a
compulsory Bureau of Indian Standard certified commodity, the company/organization

20
 shall obtain test certificates on the physical and chemical properties of the material from
the manufacturer for each consignment received to ensure conformity with relevant Indian
Standard specifications and keep the certificates on record. In addition, with a view to cross
check the manufacturers' test results, samples from first consignment of a particular brand
shall be tested from NABL-accredited lab. Periodic validation of the manufacturers' test
results shall be carried out by testing the physical and chemical properties of cement in
NABL-accredited lab at least once in a year.
• The most widely used cements are gray Portland type 1 and Pozzolona Portland type

Fly ash

Fly ash used in production shall conform to the requirements of IS 3812 . Test certificate from the
producer on the physical and chemical properties of the material shall be obtained for each
consignment received to ensure conformity with Indian Standard specifications and the same shall
be kept on records. With a view to have a check on the quality of the material, it shall be tested for
physical and chemical properties on a regular basis as per the frequencies defined within this
document and confirmation to BIS conformity requirements from a NABL-accredited lab at least
once in six months or when there is a change in the source.

Mixing

The mixer capacity and performance must be commensurate with the plant design. Type of mixer
does not matter as long as it can deliver properly mixed concrete. There are basically three types
of mixers.

1. Drum Mixers- Which can be further classified as

a) Tilting Type. 0.25 to 4.5 cum capacity

b) Non Tilting Type. 0.5 to 3.0 cum capacity

c) Reversible Type. 1.0 to 6.0 cum capacity.

2. Pan Mixers- These are further classified as

a) Planetary Counter current Mixers. 0.25 to 4.5 cum capacity

21
b) Turbine Pan Mixers. 0.25 to 6.0 cum capacity

3. Twin Shaft Mixers 1.5 to 4.5 Cum capacity

Concrete mixing

• During the mixing phase, the different components come together to produce a uniform mass of
concrete

.• Mixing time is registered from the movement material and water is poured into the cement mixer,
and it begins rotating.

Concrete mix design

IS 4926 specifies two types of mixes, namely, designed mixes and prescribed mixes. In case of
prescribed mix, the company/organization shall supply concrete as per the mix details prescribed
by the customers. In case of designed mixes, the Company/organization shall have inhouse
capability to design concrete mixes by adopting any rational method of mix proportioning. For
companies/organizations having multiple plants in contiguous areas, it shall suffice to have
concrete mix design capability at company’s central laboratory in the area. However, the
company/organization shall demonstrate that mixes so designed are correctly transferred to the
designated plants and that the local plant personnel have the capability to convert the designed
mixes into appropriate batches for production, with minor adjustments to match the yield of
concrete. Any testing to support the design mix shall be done by NABL accreditated laboratory.
In accordance with IS 4926, when the purchaser orders a designed mix, he shall provide all relevant

22
information to the producer in a specified format which is reproduced for ready reference. The
producer will take cognizance of the supplied information while designing the mixes and shall get
the final mixes approved by the purchaser. The company/organization shall also have the ability
to convert both prescribed and designed mixes into batches for production..

Ready to use for site

• While transporting concrete to a site, the cement mixer never stops revolving at a speed of two
to six rotations per minute.

Production control

Production control is concerned with instant action to control the quality of the concrete being
produced. It includes the production control and product control.

Production Control

• The production of concrete at each plant shall be systematically controlled. This is to ensure
that all the concrete supplied shall be in accordance with the requirements and with the
specifications. The concrete shall also be as per requirement of Mix design adopted
• Each load of mixed concrete shall be inspected before dispatch and prior to discharge.
• The workability of the concrete shall be controlled on a continuous basis during production
and any corrective action necessary taken

23
 • For each load, written, printed or graphical records shall be made of the mass of the
materials batched, the estimated slump, the total amount of water added to the load, the
delivery ticket number for that load, and the time the concrete was loaded into the truck.
• Regular routine preferably weekly inspections shall be carried out on the condition of plant
and equipment including delivery vehicles.
• No additional water, other than the amount required to produce the specified workability,
shall be added to the truck mixer drum before discharge unless specifically requested, and
the entry made in the delivery ticket.

Product Control

• Concrete mixes shall be randomly sampled and tested for workability, and where
appropriate, plastic density, temperature and air content. Where significant variations from
target values are detected, corrective action shall be taken.
• It is important to maintain the free water at its correct value. The amount of added water
shall be adjusted to compensate for any observed variations in the moisture contents in the
aggregates. Suitable adjustments should also be made in masses of the aggregates due to
this variation ( IS 456). Any change in water content due to change in aggregate grading
shall be taken care of by forward control by suitable modifications to mix proportion.
• When the assessment of moisture content is carried out continuously using a suitable
instrument a system shall be provided to indicate the necessary changes in added water for
changes in moisture content. If moisture sensor is used, it should be checked and calibration
to be verified on daily basis.
• Mixing time should not be less than that recommended by the manufacturer.

LABORATORY

It is necessary to have a laboratory attached to RMC production facility called as field (Plant)
laboratory, to carry out the routine testing . In addition there can be a central laboratory or
Third party laboratory that can be used to carry out testing. However it shall be ensured that
such laboratories have been audited and that the validity of audit has not expired. Generally,
the field (Plant) laboratory will not have facilities for testing physical and chemical properties
24
of cement/SCM’s/admixture. However, a record of test certificates provided by manufacturer
or third party lab shall be kept. The field (Plant) laboratory shall have the facilities to test the
product i.e. concrete. The following tests shall be done in field laboratory.

1) Slump

2) Plastic density

3) Cube

4) Silt content of sand

5) Bulkage of sand

6) Fineness Modulus of sand

7) Sieve analysis of Coarse Aggregate

25
Logistics Department

The logistics department is entrusted with the responsibilities of ensuring that the entire process
of logistics is maintained and developed in accordance with the goals of the business at an
economical cost. This includes storage, distribution, warehousing, movement of goods from one
place to another (internally or externally), tracking and delivery of goods. It includes a complete
process of planning, managing, controlling and coordination to make sure that the goods reach the
right place, at the right time, for the right cost and in a right condition. The concretes are supplied
and delivered in and around Salem.

Transport of concrete

Ready Mixed Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the point of placing as rapidly as
possible and practicable by methods that will maintain the workability and will prevent segregation
loss of any constituents or ingress of water or foreign matter. The concrete then shall be placed as
soon as possible after delivery.

It shall always be emphasized that concrete should be laid in the position without any loss of time
to avoid reduction in workability, setting and stiffening of concrete. This aspect becomes very
critical in case of Ready Mixed Concrete where the time interval in between mixing and placing
of concrete is considerable. As concrete stiffens with passage of time, delay in placement of
concrete reduces workability of concrete. In addition, after sometime setting of concrete may also
take place. Reduction in workability may lead to difficulty in placement of concrete. Thus, while
planning for use of Ready Mixed Concrete, the aspect of loss of workability in the likely transit
time involved should be taken into account. By measuring slump/ compacting factor immediately
26
after mixing at RMC plant and after a lapse of predetermined time (i.e. anticipated average transit
time), loss of workability may be estimated. Desired workability at the time of delivery should be
clearly specified in the specification or tender conditions. The producer shall ensure that a proper
delivery ticket is issued which should contain quantity of concrete loaded, the raw material content
of the concrete mix, time of delivery from mixer, truck/lorry number, signature of Plant operator
etc. The standard proforma shall be filled and given to driver of truck/lorry who will hand over the
same to the supervisor in charge of site. The delivery ticket will form the basis of invoicing. The
transport of RMC to site shall be by transit mixer and agitators. Before the delivery of concrete
produced in Ready Mixed Plant/ captive Batching Plant it is the responsibility of the producer to
ensure that each truck mixer is inspected to confirm its compliance.

Transit Time and placement time of concrete

The concrete shall be delivered at the site of work and discharge shall be completed with-in Two
hours of adding mixing water to the dry mix of cement and aggregate.

Transportation arrangement

For transportation of concrete to site, concrete agitators “Specification for concrete transit mixers
and agitators” should be used. For all TM manufactured in India now, the minimum revolutions
are six and maximum are fourteen, hence the agitating speed of the agitators should not be less
than five revolutions per minute nor more than fourteen revolutions per minute of the drum. Transit
mixers should be checked for minimum and maximum speed of rotations. Speed limits lower than
that recommended by TM manufacturer, indicates malfunctioning and gives advance warning of
major problem in near future.

Human Resource Department

Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective management
of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive
advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic
objectives. Human resource management is primarily concerned with the management of people
within organizations, focusing on policies and systems. HR departments are responsible for
overseeing employee-benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development,
performance appraisal, and reward management, such as managing pay and Employee benefits

27
system. HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, or the
balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and
governmental laws.

Functions of Human Resource Department

• Recruiting, hiring, and onboarding

• Human resource planning
• Benefits and compensation
• Performance management
• Training and development
• Employee engagement

Training provided by PR RMC

It is the responsibility of RMC producer to ensure that the employees/workers are properly trained
and educated in safe handling of materials, hazardous chemicals and responsibility towards the
environment. The producer shall give high priority to site care and good housekeeping along with
participation of local community. It is also essential that emergency response procedures be
established and employees be made familiar with the procedures. A formal training plan shall be
prepared and implemented. Drivers play a key role in fuel management. Training to drivers can
improve fleet efficiency and reduce spillage and leaks.Skilled workers like engineers,
accountants, plant mangers are recruited and unskilled workers are also appointed outside from
Tamil Nadu.

Purchase department

Purchase departments help keep organizations financially healthy. They procure goods and
services designed to meet operational needs while providing the highest possible value. They
established procurement policies and procedures to ensure their organization operates with
integrity and the marketplace. Purchasing departments keep operations moving smoothly because
they monitor Supply chains and take care of tedious tasks like negotiating contracts with vendors,
so the department has can focus on other things.

28
The role of the purchasing department plays within a company depends on the size of the
organization. Outsourcing and technological advances have affected the job outlook for the
purchasing profession negatively, which is a trend we can expect to continue.

The Role of the Purchasing Department

Also known as a procurement department or a purchase department, the purchasing department
support company operations as the primary buyer of goods and services in private sector
companies, government agencies, educational institutions, or any other type of organization.
The procurement department serves its internal customers by procuring the goods and services
they need in a timely manner while also maintaining the company’s financial health. They seek
and purchase products and services at the best possible price and value.
As such, the purchasing department must understand the complexities of the operation it supports
as well as the markets that provide the goods or services required to meet its objectives. The duties
and responsibilities of a purchasing officer far extend beyond procuring office furniture and
supplies. Today’s procurement staff must also understand complex Network technology
equipment, international travel needs, acquisition of workspaces, and more.

The RMC dealers purchase different concrete ingredients from the different sources.

Accounts Department

Accounting department refers to the division in a firm that looks after the preparation of financial
statements, maintenance of general ledger, payment of bills, preparation of customer bills, payroll,
and more. In other words, they are responsible for managing the overall economic front of the
business. It is impossible for any business, whether a small firm operating out of home or a large
multinational company, to function for too long without an accounting department of any kind.

Functions of Accounting Department

• The company maintain and record all business transactions accurately and
comprehensively in a systematic way such that it could be retrieved and reviewed at any
time.

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 • It also maintain adequate internal controls within the organization to safeguard its valuable
resources.
• The company accounts department provide a basis for performance assessment and create
accountability across the organization.
• It keeps track of costs incurred by the company costs and advise the modification of
existing operations with the intent to reduce operating costs.
• The accounts department support senior management in the decision-making process
through the appropriate presentation of the financial data.
• The company plans based on anticipation of business needs and expected availability of
resources.

The company maintains the following books

• Sales register
• Creditors register
• Salary register
• Bank register
• Cash register
• Petty cash book
• Gate pass
• Profit& loss account& balance sheet
• Fixed asset register
Stores Department

Materials should be stored in such a way as to prevent the risk of contamination. The producer
should utilize suitable transfer and feed systems. Aggregate storage areas should be free draining.
Measures should be taken to prevent freezing or excessive solar heating of aggregates. Admixtures
should be clearly identified and protected from sunlight (where applicable) and the risk of
contamination.

A storehouse is a building provided for preserving materials, stores and finished goods. The in-
charge of store is called storekeeper or stores manager. The organisation of the stores department

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depends upon the size and layout of the factory, nature of the materials stored and frequency of
purchases and issue of materials.

According to Alford and Beatty “storekeeping is that aspect of material control concerned with the
physical storage of goods.” In other words, storekeeping relates to art of preserving raw materials,
work-in-progress and finished goods in the stores.

Types:

Stores may be centralised or decentralised. Centralised storage means a single store for the whole
organisation, whereas decentralised storage means independent small stores attached to various
departments. Centralised storekeeping ensures better layout and control of stores, economical use
of storage space, lesser staff, saving in storage costs and appointment of experts for handling
storage problems. It further ensures continuous stock checking.

It suffers from certain drawbacks also. It leads to higher cost of materials handling, delay in issue
of materials to respective departments, exposure of materials to risks of fire and accident losses
are practical difficulties in managing big stores.

On the other hand, decentralised stores involve lesser costs and time in moving bulky materials to
distant departments and are helpful in avoiding overcrowding in central store. However, it too
suffers from certain drawbacks viz., uniformity in storage policy of goods cannot be achieved
under decentralised storekeeping, more staff is needed and experts may not be appointed.

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Stages of stores department

Incoming of raw materials(cement, aggregate, water,sand etc)

Verify the units recorded in invoice with

actual quantities received

Storage and preservation of the raw material

for production purpose

Transfer to production process

Maintenance of stores record

Loading and delivering the concrete

to customer end

Inventory control

RMC material storage and handling

All the materials required for RMC should be stored in such a way as to prevent the risk of
contamination. Different materials shall be stored separately by taking due precautions and care,
to avoid intermixing. For storage of cement and aggregates the instructions given in IS 4082 should
be followed. Stock piles should be arranged in such a way so as to prevent intermingling of

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adjacent materials. Different size fractions of aggregate should be stored separately. Coarse and
fine aggregate may be of different types and from different sources, and accordingly these should
be separately stored. For better performance & quality, storage bins must be used to store
materials. Open stock-piles are prone to contamination & there is no control over moisture content
during wet season. Moisture probe can effectively measure water content of the aggregates.

The handling procedures of loading and unloading aggregate should be such as to reduce the
segregation to minimum. This can be done by using rock ladders below the conveyor belts The
RMC manufacturer shall ensure suitable transfer & feed systems. Various aspects to be looked
into for material storage and handling are listed in the check list for this item.

Quality audit department

Quality audit is the process of systematic examination of a quality system carried out by an internal
or external quality auditor or an audit team. It is an important part of an organization's quality
management system and is a key element in the ISO quality system standard, ISO 9001.

Quality audits are typically performed at predefined time intervals and ensure that the institution
has clearly defined internal system monitoring procedures linked to effective action. This can help
determine if the organization complies with the defined quality system processes and can involve
procedural or results-based assessment criteria.

With the upgrade of the ISO9000 series of standards from the 1994 to 2008 series, the focus of the
audits has shifted from purely procedural adherence towards measurement of the actual
effectiveness of the Quality Management System (QMS) and the results that have been achieved
through the implementation of a QMS.

Audits are an essential management tool to be used for verifying objective evidence of processes,
to assess how successfully processes have been implemented, for judging the effectiveness of
achieving any defined target levels, to provide evidence concerning reduction and elimination of
problem areas. For the benefit of the organization, quality auditing should not only report non-
conformances and corrective actions, but also highlight areas of good practice. In this way other
departments may share information and amend their working practices as a result, also contributing
to continual improvement.

Quality audits can be an integral part of compliance or regulatory requirements.

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RMC quality audit

RMC is both a service and a product. It is essential that the user is assured of quality of concrete
received from RMC producer/plant. Unfortunately, there are no guidelines on the regulatory
framework in India through which a certain level quality is assured to the user about the product
being supplied to him. To maintain the quality & to have the quality assurance the following
measures can be taken:

1) Quality Audit

2) Internal quality audits

3) Cusum Techniques or its variants

Quality Audit

The RMC production facility/plant shall be audited by Third party audit on annual basis. In such
case the owner and the auditors are involved in a audit called as appraisal – that is someone other
than the owner or purchaser is to decide whether the owner/production plant can be certified as
meeting prescribed quality standards/norms. In India, RMCMA having its office in Mumbai which
has developed regulatory framework based on RMC quality schemes in developed countries and
which have certified /accredited quality auditors used to carry out the third party audits of RMC
and they had audited and certified around 250 RMC plants at 45 locations in India. Recently this
scheme was upgraded by RMCMA and scope enlarged by making the scheme truly third party
certification scheme. The scheme is owned jointly by Quality Council of India (QCI) and Building
Materials & Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC) and they have developed a document –
Criteria for RMC production control –Basic level certification for production control of RMC, the
draft of which is under wide circulation and finalization. Hence, QCI-BMTPC can be contacted
for third party audit of RMC plants. Additionally, there can be external audit called as second
party audit, where in the purchaser of RMC or his representative will decide whether the plant/
RMC production facility is well/ enough organized to be able to meet their requirements as per
quality standards.

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Internal quality audits

Internal quality audit also called as First party audit in which the owner of RMC plant or
the same group will help the plant meet and improve on its own quality standards. For this, each
RMC plant shall preferably develop its own QA-QC plan and documentation. Each plant
Owner/producer can develop its own quality norms over and above the provisions in Indian
Standards. The RMC producer shall bear in mind that there is always the scope for continuous
improvement in quality and should strive for it. There shall be a system for reporting on quality
parameters to the organization; for that there shall be norms and well defined practices to monitor
and control quality of input and output materials. The QA-QC plan incorporated as internal quality
audit shall consists of information such as source & properties of all ingredients of concrete; Mix
design; process control; information on fresh and hardened properties of concrete; statistical
analysis of results etc.

Security Department

Security department contains vehicle IN and OUT maintenance which enters all the details
regarding the entering of vehicles in this organisation. Also this department activities which
maintains contract labour attendance maintenance. If a labour enters into an organisation it must
be entered through this department. Then it also enters visitor IN and OUT maintenance. Hence
these details which has been used for the further references in any situations.

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 CHAPTER – III
WORK DONE IN
THE DEPARTMENT
(DATE WISE)
DETAILS OF WORK DONE
Serial Date Departments Visited Work done
No.
01 11-02-2021 I learnt about general introduction of the
organization
02 12-02-2021 Learnt about the application of the ready
mix concrete in the construction
industry and its uses
03 13-02-2021 Human Resource Department HR manager gave me a theoritical
explanation about the organisation’s
machinery, vehicles and working of
employees
04 15-02-2021 Stores Department Stores Incharger explained me on how
materials are stored seperately by taking
due precautions and care to avoid
intermixing and how minimum stock
level is maintained
05 16-02-2021 Production Department I learnt about production department
and different sections and particularly
told me about the batching and mixing
control department which includes
accuracy of plant batching, batching
systems etc,
06 17-02-2021 Quality Control I gathered information on how it is
necessary to have a laboratory attached
to RMC production facility to carry out
the routine testing .

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07 18-02-2021 Quality Control Observed information about procedures
like minimum testing frequency and
about the testing procedures
08 19-02-2021 Quality control Learnt how the concrete is produced in
desired quality. Quality control is
exercised right from the receipt of raw
materails to the delivery of concrete.
09 20-02-2021 Production department The Production Manager explained the
production control and production of
concrete is sytematically controlled and
supplied in accordance with the
requirement
10 22-02-2021 Auditing department RMC is not only meant for prodction
but also for service and said it shall be
audited by third party on a annual basis
and quality manager explained about
quality audit and internal quality audit
11 23-02-2021 Sales department The Sales Manager explained about this
department taking incharge in
dispatching the material and about the
functioning of the department
12 24-02-2021 Accounts department The Accounts Manager expalined about
the records and expenses , salary for
employees and types of books
maintained in order to ensure financial
statements
13 25-02-2021 Human Resource department The Human Resource Officer explained
the recruitment process and formal
training of employees in ensuring
proper work safely in handling the
materails to improve the efficency.

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14 26-02-2021 Logistics Department The Logistics Department Head
explained about RMC shall be
transported to the point of place to the
point of destination and how it is
discharged within 2 hours.
15 27-02-2021 Maintenance department The Maintenace Manager explained
about the vehicles are maintained for
smoother transportation.

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 CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

Internship helped me to know all the activities and processes which has been involved in
the manufacturing of concrete. Also, it helps to gain knowledge about various departments like
production department, sales department, purchase department, store department, security
department etc. I should thank PR Ready Mix for allowing internship training for specified period.
It also helped me to improve skills which is related to my carrier and B.COM course through which
practically I learnt about the various department and function. It gave an overall idea about the
mechanism of each sections and requires a work force in making an output as a finished product.

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