WHITE RADISH AS A NEW FEEDSTOCK IN PRODUCING BIOETHANOL

HERMOSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

THE IMPACT OF CAREER GUIDANCE TO THE CHOICE OF
COLLEGE COURSES OF ABM STUDENTS IN
HERMOSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Title Pag

A Research Proposal presented to

the Faculty of the Senior High School
Hermosa National High School
Culis, Hermosa Bataan

In partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the subject
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

Jim Daniel Cruz

Kristian Dale Montemayor
Angela Joy Andulan
Wella May Bautista
Kianne Allei Pruna

March 2020

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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled:

“_____________________________________________________________*title*____

________________”, prepared and submitted by _______*research leader et

al*_____ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research I,

has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral Defense

Examination.

Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of

Arts in Education Major in Mathematics by the Graduate School Specialization

Committee.

Chairperson

RONALDO A. PUNLA, MAEd MEL GREG O. CONCEPTION, Ed.D

Internal Critic External Critic

RONNELL D. DELA ROSA, Ph.D. VICENTE B. LINTAG, Ed.D.

Member Member

Approved and Accepted in partial partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Masters of Arts in Education Major in Mathematics.

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JESSELYN C. MORTEJO, Ed.D
Dean of Graduate School
July 2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The writing of this thesis has been one of the most significant academic challenges

Ithe researcher has ever faced. Without the full support, patience and guidance of the myriad

of special people who served as inspiration and strength, this study would not have been

completed. It is to them that he owed his deepest gratitude

The researcher would first like to thank his thesis adviser, Mr. Rolando Carpio of

Bataan Peninsula State University.

Finally, He lift this triumph to our Almighty God – for the knowledge, strength,

healthy body and mind that enables the researcher to accomplish this research study with full

guidance and blessings; for providing all the gifts which we now use to serve His divine

cause and evidently glorify and worship His name… our Lord and Savior.

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ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to identify the impact of career guidance to the choice of

college courses of ABM students in Hermosa National High School in the Division of

Bataan for the School Year 2018 – 2019. The study primarily sought to answer if Career

Guidance Program could affect the decision-making of ABM students in having the

choice of college course. The research instrument used for this study were survey-

questionnaires for purposes of verification and validation of the answers that the

respondents provided. In order to gather the information needed for this research, the

preparation for survey-questionnaire were done by researchers. As a result, majority of

the respondents still wanted to pursue college as their preferred curricular exit. Career

Guidance also helped the students in their decision-making about their choices on college

course to pursue and thereby became clarified about the path that they are going to

choose after Senior High School. However, there were also those students who were

influenced by family expectation in choosing their preferred exits. On the other hand, the

results on the contribution of career guidance were consistent as it lead the students to

have a wide background regarding the possible courses or preferred exit that they want to

choose. Moreover, career guidance really improved the decision-making of students

because this became a large impact to their mindset on ehich exit or college course they

want. In this regard, schools can play a major role in developing students’ insights

thereby it was recommended that ABM students on this matter, should experience the

career guidance program seriously so that they will surely know what choice of college

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course will fit on their skills and knowledge. Teachers should also continue in motivating

their students about career guidance to contribute to their decision-making. They should

also make it more fun so that the students will enjoy it. Finally, the future researchers

may have benefits from the study as it provides related literature and related studies.

Similarly, other related researches are also encouraged to further substantiate the findings

of this research using either a similar descriptive research.

Keywords.

Career Guidance Program, College Course, Senior High School, ABM

students, Descriptive Research, Hermosa National High School

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
APPENDICES viii
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
Introduction 1
Statement of The Problem 3
Significance of The Study 3
Scope and Delimitations 4
Notes to Chapter I 6
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 7
Relevant Theories 7
Related Literature 9
Related Studies 10
Conceptual Framework 13
Hypothesis 15
Definition of Terms 15
Notes to Chapter II 16
METHODS OF RESEARCH 18
Methods and Techniques 18
Population and Sample Error! Bookmark not defined.
Ethical Considerations Error! Bookmark not defined.
Research Instrument 18
Construction and Validation of Instrument 18
Data Gathering Procedures 19
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Statistical Treatment of Data 19
Notes to Chapter III 20
Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation 21
Notes to Chapter IV 21
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 22
Summary of Findings 22
Conclusions 22
Recommendation 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23
APPENDICES Error! Bookmark not defined.

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Paradigm of the Study 14

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 Reliability Test of the Instrument..........Error! Bookmark not defined.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Study Protocol 24

B First Endorsement 26

C Second Endorsement Error! Bookmark not defined.

D Letter of Consent Error! Bookmark not defined.

E Letter of Validation Error! Bookmark not defined.

F Validation Criteria For Lesson Plan Error! Bookmark not defined.

G Pretest Posttest Error! Bookmark not defined.

H Tiered Learning Plan Error! Bookmark not defined.

I Classification of Students Per Lesson Error! Bookmark not defined.

J Curriculum Vitae 29

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

In making decisions on what career do students want, they encounter many

situations where they could benefit from unbiased advice. They maybe in the process of

choosing a career, deciding whether or not they should change careers, or maybe

wanting to learn more about career guidance in general a complete knowledge always

help. A good foundation begins with the basic. Students come to the realization that it is

an overwhelming process, and they need to learn all about what, how, and why of the

career guidance process.

According to an article stated on Mindler Education (2018) that career guidance

can be defined as a comprehensive, developmental program designed to assist

individuals in making and implementing informed decisions. They also indicated that it

is an act of guiding or showing the way and the act of seeking advice.

However, it was mentioned from an article on Mindler Education (2018) that

career guidance is given to students to help them acquire the knowledge information,

skills and experience necessary to identify career options, and narrow them down to

make one career decision then result in their social, financial and emotional well-being

throughout.
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In addition to this, Savickas (2018) stated that the importance of providing career

orientation to students have been studied in numerous researches. They found that career

orientation explicitly fosters student’s awareness of tasks to be faced and decisions to

make. On the other hand, Krumboltz and Worthington (2018) pointed that learning is

essential not only for students to develop the basic employability skills required for the

school-to-work transition, but also for the developments of work habits, beliefs, interests,

and values. Similarly, Lent and Worthington (2018) indicated that responding to national

and local initiatives, the career development profession has been engaged in efforts to aid

the understanding and facilitation of the school-to-work (STW) transition process.

Moreover, Kuijpers et. al. (2018) revealed in their study that career guidance in

school, in which a dialogue takes place with the student about the concrete experiences

and which is focused on the future, contributes to the presence of career competencies

among students.

Statement of The Problem

The following questions are the problems the researchers want to be answered

through this study.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age,

1.2 Sex

1.3 Curricular exit of the ABM studennts after the Career Guidance?

2. What is the impact of career guidance to the choice of curricular exit of

ABM students?
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3. What is the implication of the study to the ABM Students?

Significance of The Study

The study is important for this will help to enhance the decision-making of the

students toward choosing their preferred exit before and after the Career Guidance

Program.

This will be beneficial to the Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)

students, teachers, and future researchers.

1. ABM Students. This study will help them to identify what career path or preferred

exit they are going to choose after the Senior High School.

2. Teachers. This study will help them to know the possible preferred exit and the

student’s awareness regarding the career guidance program and also they will have now

an idea on what advice they can give to their students.

3. Future Researchers. This study may serve as a basis and may be part of their

related study.

Scope and Delimitations

In order for the researchers to determine the impacts of career guidance to the

choice of college course of ABM students, the researchers use survey questionnaires to

be given to the students under the ABM strand in Hermosa National High School of

Culis, Hermosa, Bataan.

This study will use the mixed method which are both qualitative and quantitative

research which follows descriptive research design.

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The researchers will utilize the use of research instrument, specifically,

questionnaires, in order to gather information needed for the said study.

Notes to Chapter I

Ford, H., Kettering, C., (2006). Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the Fuel of the
Future. Retrieved from
http://www.environmentalhistory.org/billkovarik/about- bk/research/henry-ford-
charles-kettering-and-the-fuel-of-the-future/
Danmaliki (2016). Bioethanol Production from Banana Peels. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309722051_Bioethanol_Production_fro
m_Banana_Peels
Halder, H., et.al., (2019). Bioethanol. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/bioethanol
Stuer, H.,. Bio-Knowledge. Retrieved from
https://www.maabjergenergycenter.com/about-bioethanol/what -is-
bioethanol
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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the relevant theories, related literature and studies,

conceptual framework, hypotheses of the study and definition of terms.

Relevant Theories ( PROVIDE 2)

Career Development Theories and Their Implications for High School Career

Guidance and Counseling

As stated by Ireh (2015) in his study that school guidance counselors should lead

the way in devising opportunities for students to explore a variety of career clusters. Yet,

in a conference devoted to counseling and career planning in high schools, several/

counseling practitioners lamented the difficulties associated with assisting students in

career planning.

Rational Choice Theory

As mentioned by Glasser (2018) in his article that this theory is a framework used

to model social and economic behavior. According to rational choice theory, individual

actors choose whichever option will maximize their interests and provide them with the

greatest utility, or benefit. Likewise, it leads the students to be aware regarding the

importance of career guidance in choosing their exits.

Theory of Vocational Development

According to the study of Matias (2018) the students should first become aware of

the need for a career. So every graduating student needs a wise choice in decision-

making. However, Castillo (2013) stressed that redirection and guidance of the high
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school youth because it is in that stage where skills, capacities and decisions are

developed.

Related Literature ( PROVIDE 5)

As stated by Arbona (2014) in his article, “Career counseling research: A review

of literature” found that students tend to have high occupational and educational

aspirations, similar in terms of work values and career progression behaviors. It was also

concluded that, in general, the career counseling research is very limited in terms of

content, for the most part lacks a theoretical base. According to his article, this research

strongly suggest that the lack of occupational mobility among students is related to

structural factors as they make decisions, such as socioeconomic status and lack of

opportunities, not to cultural characteristics.

As indicated by Van et. al. (2016) in their article, “ Career guidance in secondary

schools for Vietnamese rural areas,” it further tries to find orientation solutions through

career guidance in order to have perspective of the specific field. As they added,

developing socioeconomically in rural areas by moving from agricultural field to

industrial aspects, the suitable solution is enhancing quality of education in career, value-

based on students’ interests, abilities and passion, with more students to switch over

vocational.

According to an article, “ Realization of making a wrong career decision” from

Mindler Education (2018) it was found that researchers and psychologists ensure that

career queries and problems are dealt with sincerity and backed by experience,
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knowledge and research. As it was concluded that an expert career counselor would be

right beside the student, guiding the students for the right career helping them towards it.

As indicated by Bautista (2014) in his study, that the greatest barrier among

students pursuing their own career and having command over their lives is the lack of in

depth knowledge of the said career. In addition, knowledge is required to make valid

career preferences.

As stated by Villena (2017) in her article, “ Guiding our senior high school

students on their career path,” that getting the senior high school students prepared to

enter the work world or college is now easier that it was in the past. She honored the

Department of Education for rolling out its K to 12 Program which come with a Career

Guidance Program (CGP) to help SHS students in making informed choices regarding

their future career path.

Related Studies ( PROVIDE 5 EITHER LOCAL/FOREIGN)

According to the study of Matias (2016) entitled, “ Affecting the Career Choices

of Graduating Students Among Selected High Schools in Tarlac” he said that it could

lead the students to their maximum development and ultimate success is likewise the

concern of educational guidance. He also added that through these programs, the students

are given assistance in attaining a high level of efficiency and satisfying results in the

activities in which they will engage in.

Moreover, Bautista (2014) revealed in his study that it can eventually minimize the

difficulty of high school students in choosing their desired career. Also, parents were

more be aware of the need to know the career preferences of their children and would

have a clear understanding of a career guidance program of the school.

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Conceptual Framework ( CREATE YOUR OWN FRAMEWORK/ REFER

TO THE SAMPLE BELOW)

The figure below shows the conceptual that represents the

paradigm of the study. The paradigm shows the intertwining

concepts found on the statement of the problem which reflects the

general intentions of the study. Their lived experiences were

investigated and narrated. Before arriving to these experiences,

challenges in reading faced by the students were probed. After that,

intervention strategies employed by the teachers were thoroughlyDecoding

Lack of materials

Time constraints Comprehension

examined which leads in describing their experiences.

Sense of fulfillment and Fluency
passion
Reading Reading miscues
Improved reading Lived Experiences
Challenges vocabulary
Frustration
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
STUDY ON THE
EXPERIENCES OF
ENGLISH TEACHERS IN
READING
REMEDIATION
Lack of parents’ support

Grammar-translation Lack of interest

method
Reading Poverty
Read-aloud
Reasons behind
Interventions
Peer tutoring clients’ struggle Frequent absenteeism

One-on-one tutoring
in reading Fear of embarassment

Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study

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Definition of Terms ( DEFINE TERMS ON HOW THEY ARE USED IN

YOUR STUDY)

In order to provide the readers a common frame of understanding in the study, the

following terms were herein defined conceptually and operationally.

Bioethanol – topic of the research, a fuel mainly produced by sugar fermentation process

Fermentation – a process to produce bioethanol

Distillation – the action of purifying a waste feedstock by a process of heating

Saccharomyces cerevisiae – yeast, used to ferment the waste feedstock

ANOVA - One-way Analysis of Variance used to analyze the differences among group

means in a sample; the statistical treatment the researcher used

Feedstock – the raw materials that is used to create bioethanol; the white radish
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Notes to Chapter II

Relevant Theories
Lollar, Sherwood B., et al., (2002). Abiogenci Formation of Alkanes in the Earth’s Crust
as a Minor Source for Global Hydrocarbon Reserves. Retrieved from
https://enviroliteracy.org/energy/fossil-fuels/abiotic-theory/

Science Encyclopedia (2019). Science Encyclopedia Science &Philosophy: Evolution to

Ferrocyanide Fermentation – History, Theory. Rettrieved from
https://science.jrank.org/pages/2676/Fermentation-Theory.html

Biomass Theory
http://www.spaceteacher.org/Biomass/biomass_theory.html

Relevant Literature

Stuer, H, Bio-Knowledge. Retrieve from https://www.maabjergenergycenter.com/about-

bioethanol/what-is-bioethanol

Dhaman, Y., et.al.2019 Biofuel. Retrieve from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/bioethanol

Halder, P. (2019). Prospect and Technological Advancement of Cellulosic Bioethanol

Eco-Fuel Production. Retrieve from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth -and-planetary-sciences/bioethanol

Bioenergy Australia, (2016). How Ethanol is Made. Retrieve from

http://biofuelsassociation.com.au/biofuels/ethanol/how-is-ethanol-made/

Henry Ford, Charles Kettering, (2006). Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the Fuel of
the Future. Retrieve from http://www.environmentalhistory.org/billkovarik/about-
bk/research/henry-ford-charles-kettering-and-the-fuel-of-the-future

Hindawi, 2014. Bioethanol Production from Fermentable Sugar. Retrieve from

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/957102/

Banahini, SA, (2017). Radish (Raphanus sativus). Retrieve from.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622774/

Relevant Studies

Ketzi, J., (2019). Comparative Studies of Ethanol Production from Different Fruit Waste
using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Retrieved from
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http://www.rroij.com/open- access/comparative-studies-of-ethanol-productionfrom-
different-fruit-wastes- using- saccharomyces-cerevisiae-.php?aid=48333
Swain, M., et.al., (2017). Advance in Food and Nutrition Research. Retrieved from
https://www.elsevier.com/books/advances-in-food-and-nutrition-
research/toldra/978- 0-12-812633-2
Mohanty, S., et.al., (2019). Bioethanol Production from Food Crops. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128137666/bioethanol-production-
from- food-crops
Nandong, J., et.al., (2019). Experimental Research. Retrieved from
https://explorable.com/experimental-research
Harinikumar, K., et.al., (2014). Optization of Bioethanol Production from Fruit Waste
using Isolated Microbial Strains. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268553076_Optimization_of_Bioeth
anol_Production_from_Fruit_Wastes_using_Isolated_Microbial_Strains
Vaitheki, S., & Deepa, B., (2016). A Comparative Study on the Production of Bioethanol
from Individual and Mixed Fruit Wastes. Retrieved from
http://www.onlinejournal.in
Gebregergs, A., (2016). Industrial Ethanol from Banana Peels for Developing Countries:
Response Surface Methodology. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405882316300060
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Chapter III

METHODS OF RESEARCH

Methods and Techniques

This study followed __*method* research design which aims to discover

________________________*insert title*________.

This ___*method__ type of study utilized *type* method in identifying the

________*insert title*________. As defined by _______*citation about the method and

type of research____.

Research Instrument

This study employed a _____*research instrument*___ which focused on

discovering the ________*insert title*________. The research instrument is divided into

__*number of parts*_ part.

Part 1 is ____________*elaborate the content of the parts*______.

Part 2 _*elaborate the content of the parts*______

Construction and Validation of Instrument

The research instrument of the study had gone different process to assess its

reliability and validity before it was distributed to the respondents.

_________________________________________explain the reliability and validity

which was undergone by the instrument_______________.

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Gathering of Experiences

The data for this research were collected using ________give the instrument of

the study and then elaborate the steps made by the researcher for the data gathering

process

As soon as the experiment was approved, the researchers started to produce

bioethanol using the fermentation of feedstock, they use less sugar containing feedstock

which is white radish as they produce bioethanol. The researchers use observation sheet

to compare the qualities and characteristics of less sugar containing feedstock to high

sugar containing feedstock.

To determine the differences of qualities and characteristics of the two bioethanol,

the researchers use ANOVA to know if the less sugar containing feedstock (banana peel,

pineapple) is efficient as a new feedstock (white radish) in producing bioethanol.

Treatment of Experiences

The data were collected, tabulated and manipulated statistically using the

statistical software excel. Specifically, the mean of the difference between qualities and

characteristic of sugar-containing (banana peel and pineapple) and less sugar-containing

(white radish) feedstock. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also carried out

whether there are any statistically significant differences between the two.
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Notes to Chapter III
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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered by the researcher, analysis of the findings

according to the problems stated in the study and the interpretation of results.

Profile of Participants
A total of ten (10) participants who are English teachers were

interviewed and observed. Three (3) male English teachers having one to two

years of experience in teaching frustrated readers. On the other hand, seven (7)

female English teachers who had been conducting reading remediation for

about two to eight years. They were all teaching in public high schools in the

First District of Bataan.

Themes and Analysis

The presentations of the familiar categories and themes were discussed

based on the participant’s experiences. Tackling the resemblance and

uniqueness of the stories being interrelated that served as researcher’s internal

validation. In the process, the researcher connected the thematic interpretation

with the related literature and related studies in order to get external validation.

Thus, this part is reflected as pathway leading to eidetic insights.

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Category 1: Teachers’ Lived Experiences

Reading remedial’s goal is to reduce the number of students

who have extreme difficulty learning to read and write. Remedial

Reading is a highly effective short-term intervention of tutoring

struggling readers in both an individualized and small group setting.

Once students can meet grade-level expectations and can worl

independently in the classroom, they are released from reading

remedial sessions but are still monitored closely to ensure academic

success.

Under this category, the following themes were unveiled: time

constraints, lack of reading materials, frustration, sense of fulfillment

and passion, improved reading.

1.1 Time Constraints

Time constraints placed upon struggling adolescent readers

(they simply do not have large amounts of time before they will leave

school, whether it be through dropping out or graduating), educators

should utilize available research to ensure the optimal gains in the

shortest amount of time (Fagella-Luby & Deshler, 2008). Ultimately,

to achieve the greatest gains for struggling adolescent readers,

educators must realize the need for adolescent literacy instruction.

Such instruction cannot mirror that of early literacy instruction, as

“adolescent readers require different instructional emphases and

pedagogies to improve reading comprehension” (Faggella-Luby &

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Deshler, 2008, p. 77).
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Notes to Chapter IV

Joseph, Thomas, Simonette & Ramsook (2013), The Impact of Differentiated Instruction
in a Teacher Education Setting: Successes and Challenges, International Journal
of Higher Education, http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v2n3p28

Richards, M. R. E., & Omdal, S. N. (2007). Effects of tiered instruction on academic

performance in a secondary Science course. Journal of Advanced Academics, 18,
424–453

Areelu, Fisayo & Akinsola, Mojeed Kolawole (2014), Influence of tiered Lesson and
Group Personalization Instructional Strategies on Senior Secondary School
Students’ achievement In Mathematics, European Scientific Journal vol.10, No.16
ISSN:1857 – 7881

Scott, Brian E. (2012), The Effectiveness Of Differentiated Instruction In The Elementary

Mathematics Classroom, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.

Faustino, J B, (2013), Designing A Differentiated Curriculum For Gifted Children In

Grade I Science, Harris Journal of Education, Volume'1,'Number'1
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Chapter V

Summary, Insights and Recommendation

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and their

corresponding recommendations.

This research aims to use tiered learning to help improve students’ scores

on assessments by developing a positive attitude towards Mathematics. In this research,

the researcher will be examining the students’ achievement to seek answers to the

following research questions:

Summary of Findings

The study aimed to unveil the experiences of English teachers conducting reading
remediation among frustrated readers. The inquiry made use of a phenomenological
research relating to inductive descriptive qualitative method and purposive sampling in
gathering the experiences through thematic analysis with the help of interview guided
questionnaire and observation as instruments of the study.
The general problem of the study is to identify the experiences of English teachers
in conducting reading remediation among frustrated readers in selected secondary public
schools in the First District of Bataan.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the experiences of English teachers in conducting reading remediation

for frustrated readers in junior high school?
2. What are the common reading problems experienced by the respondents’ clients?

3. What are the reasons behind their clients’ reading struggles?

4. What are the reading remediation strategies employed by the English teachers?
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A total of ten (10) participants who are English teachers were interviewed and
observed. Three (3) male English teachers having one to two years of experience in
teaching frustrated readers. On the other hand, seven (7) female English teachers who had
been conducting reading remediation for about two to eight years. They were all teaching
in public schools in the First District of Bataan.

The table below shows the summary of themes unveiled based on the respondent’s

data:

Table 1. Summary of Unveiled Themes

CATEGORIES EMERGED THEMES

Teachers’ Lived Experiences  time constraints,
 lack of materials,
 frustration, sense of fulfillment and
passion
 improved reading

Clients’ Reading Challenges  Decoding

 fluency
 reading
 comprehension problems,
 vocabulary
 reading miscues

Reasons Readers Struggle  lack of parent’s support

 lack of student’s interest,
 poverty
 frequent absenteeism
 fear of embarrassment

Intervention Strategies  one-on-one tutoring

 peer tutoring
 Grammar-translation method
 read-aloud.

Eidetic Insights ( REALIZATIONS)

This study made the researcher reach a lot of realizations.

Many teachers encountered problems when it comes to teaching

reading students. In fact, they were devoting their time and effort just
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to make their students read. However, the main problem is those

students who are still at the frustration level. Some of them were

already in Grades 9 and 10, where in fact, they should be an

independent reader.

On the other hand, during the conduct of interview and

observation on reading remediation of English teachers, the

researcher has seen problems and challenges arose among the readers

and also the participants. Some of the readers were unable to read

even the basic sight words most especially a single paragraph. It is

expected that these frustrated readers need to be assisted and helped

by the teachers. The problem is, each teacher has only once a week

schedule having one hour for reading remediation. Technically,

instructional time is not enough to cater the needs of these struggling

readers. This scenario was a bit frustrating on the part of the teachers.

As much as they want to teach the readers, they do not have an

adequate time due to conflict of schedules and submission of paper

works. Also, some of them do not have sufficient reading materials

which are intended for frustrated readers especially for those who are

teaching Grade 10 students. They improvise their own materials and

resources plus these readers were reluctant to read because of many

factors.

However, regardless of the difficulties and struggles

experienced by the teachers and the learners, they are still dedicated
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in extending their arms and hands towards reading achievement. It

may be stressful for them, but in the end, the progress would be

bittersweet.

Recommendation

Based on the foregoing conclusions, the researcher has arrived with the following

recommendations

1. ( ENUMERATE)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abante, M. E. R., Almendral, B. C., Manansala, J., & Mañibo, J. (2014). Learning styles
and factors affecting the learning of general engineering students. International
Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 3(1),
16-27.

Adams, C. & Pierce, R L. (2006) Differentiating Instruction: A Practical Guide for

Tiered Lessons in the Elementary Grades, Prufrock Press Inc, Waco, Texas.

Anderson, K. M. (2007). Differentiating instruction to include all students. Preventing

School Failure, 51(3), 49–54.

Aranda, Ma. Rita R. & Zamora, Joel L. (2016), Using Differentiated Instruction in
Improving the Academic Performance of Students in Filipino Language, National
University, Manila.
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Appendix A
A Study Protocol
Study Protocol

Study: “THE EFFICIENCY OF WHITE RADISH AS AN ALTERNATIVE

FEEDSTOCKS IN PRODUCING BIOETHANOL”
Researcher: Angela Andulan, Wella May Bautista, Kianne Allei Pruna, Jim Daniel
Cruz, Kristian Dale Montemayor

Institution: Hermosa National High School – Current School

Prior to proposal, a protocol was proposed, and it is described below:

I. Objectives
1. To compare the sugar-containing and less sugar-containing feedstock in
producing bioethanol;
2. To compare the qualities and characteristics of the said feedstocks producing in
bioethanol;
3. To test the following hypotheses:
H01: There are no significant differences between white radish and other sugar-
containing feedstocks in producing bioethanol;
H02: There are no significant differences between white radish and other sugar-
containing feedstock in terms of appearance, smell, and heating value;

II. Background and Rationale

Bioethanol as an alternative source of energy as received special attention
worldwide due to depletion of fossil fuels. The cellulosic materials are cheaper and
available in plenty but their conversion to ethanol involves many steps and is therefore
expensive. Can less sugar-containing feedstock can produce bioethanol? Can less sugar
containing feedstock can be an alternative for producing bioethanol?
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by microbial fermentation. Mostly any plants that
are producing a large amount of bioethanol has a large amount of sugar and
carbohydrates, specifically; banana, pineapple, sugar cane, and corn etc. However, the
researchers use a less sugar feedstock which is white radish. White radish that only had
1.86ml of sugar and 3.4ml of carbohydrates.
To produce an alternative bioethanol, the researchers create a bioethanol using
white radish. According to Struer, H., bioethanol is a colorless liquid with characteristics
of smell. In addition, Halder, P., et. al., (2019) stated that, bioethanol is from
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fermentation of various fermentable sugar and carbohydrates. In order to determine the
efficiency of the white radish, the researchers used observation sheet to distinguish the
qualities and characteristics of bioethanol. After the observation, the data gathered will be
treated statistically using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare the
results, to see if there is a significant difference on the less sugar-containing and sugar-
containing feedstock.
III. Procedures

A. Research Design
Static and Experimental design was selected for this study. In this design the
selected sample is divide in to two, the high sugar containing feedstock (banana peel and
pineapple) and the less sugar containing feedstock (white radish). The less sugar
containing feedstock (white radish) is compared to the high containing feedstock (banana
peel and pineapple). After this treatment, the result of the comparison of the both
feedstocks will determine the efficiency of white radish as an alternative feedstock in
producing bioethanol.

B. Measurement / Instrumentation
This study employed a locally made observation sheet which focused on
discovering the efficiency of white radish as an alternative feedstock in producing
bioethanol. The research instrument is divided into one part.
Part 1 is about the qualities and characteristics of bioethanol where the researchers
are going to rate from 1 to 5 (5 being the highest) in terms of color, smell, heating value.

C. Detailed study procedures

The study aims to answer if there is a significant difference between white radish
and other sugar-containing feedstock in producing bioethanol.
Mostly, sugar-containing feedstock is the most usable food crops for creating
bioethanol. The researchers use white radish as a main subject of this experimental study.
This feedstock is chosen because it is also having sugar thus, it is less. it will be
compared by two other sugar-containing feedstock (banana peel and pineapple) to
determine if white radish can produce bioethanol.
In this bioethanol production, the researchers use white radish, yeast, and hot
water. To produce bioethanol, the white radish should be fined by using blender, the hot
water should be 100℉ to ensure that the two and a half tablespoon of yeast will be
dissolve then mix the dissolved yeast to the fined white radish. After doing this
procedure, it will undergo fermentation process, that will take 1 week and a half to
be fully fermented. After this, get the fermented oil and distilled it to become
transparent. After producing bioethanol using white radish, the researcher tests this
ethanol by observation sheet, and compare it to the sugar-containing bioethanol (banana
peel and pineapple).
The result of ANOVA will be used to compare the less sugar-containing (white
radish) to sugar-containing feedstock (banana peel and pineapple). More specifically, the
test indicates how less sugar-containing feedstock produced bioethanol. The data will be
treated statistically to compare the results to see if there is a significant difference on the
less sugar-containing and sugar-containing feedstock.
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D. Data Analysis

The data will be collected, tabulated and manipulated statistically using one-way
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). To find the significant difference between the
experimental and control groups, the developed null hypotheses will be tested.

Appendix B
B First Endorsement
Research Instrument
Part 1

Highly Mediumly Slightly Not

Observabl
Observabl Observabl Observabl Observabl
e
e e e e
3
5 4 2 1
HEATING
VALUE
1. The product
can produce
fire easily.
SMELL
1. The product
can produce
smell.
(pure
alcohol
smell)
2. The product
smells like a
rotten
feedstock.
TRANSPARENC
Y
1. The product
is clear or
transparent
in color.
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Part 2
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APPENDIX
C Curriculum Vitae

CURRICULUM VITAE

ERNANI D. MAÑALAC
#19 Sta. Isabel Dinalupihan, Bataan
 09293133879

Objectives
To apply my knowledge and skills, and to contribute to the success and
betterment of the company / institution where I would be working by continuously
improving my skills and knowledge by unselfishly sharing them to my co-workers.

Education
June 2014-Present
BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Balanga City
Masters in Education
Major in Mathematics
36 units completed

April 2001
BATAAN STATE COLLEGE
Dinalupihan, Bataan
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Mathematics

April 1996
BATAAN STATE COLLEGE
Dinalupihan, Bataan
Associate in Micro Computer Systems

Eligibility

Licensure Examination for Teachers

August 26, 2001
Rating: 82.6%

Skills
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Computer Repairs
Basic Web Designing
Microsoft Office Manipulation

Work Experiences

May 2016 - Present

Teacher III
Hermosa National High School - SHS
Hermosa, Bataan

June 2004 – April 2016

Teacher
Saint John Academy
Dinalupihan, Bataan

July 2003 – April 2004

Part Time Teacher
Northern Bataan Institute
Dinalupihan, Bataan

November 2003 – January 2004

Instructor
Bataan State College
Dinalupihan, Bataan

Personal Information

Date of Birth : December 16, 1976

Place of Birth : Dinalupihan, Bataan
Civil Status : Separated In Fact
Height : 5’5”
Weight : 170 lbs.
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Sex : Male
Language Spoken : Filipino & English
Father’s Name : Ernesto Mañalac
Occupation : Carpenter
Mother’s Name : Gloria Mañalac
Occupation : None