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 Lafayette College
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CE 321: Introduction to Environmental Engineering Fall 2007

SOLUTION to #7

7) The town of Martins Creek, PA, has filed a complaint with the Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) citing the town of Portland, PA, for the discharge of
raw sewage into the Delaware River. The raw sewage is considered to be the cause
of high fecal coliform counts and reduced levels of dissolved oxygen (DO), which
have lead to foul odors along the river between Portland and Martins Creek. The
coliform counts and reduced DO levels have lead to restrictions of recreational areas
within the Portland/Martins Creek reach of the Delaware River.

The DEP water quality criterion for the Delaware River is 5 mg/L of DO (i.e. at no
point shall the DO concentration drop below 5 mg/L).

Martins Creek is 15.55 km down stream of Portland.

The following data pertain to the 7-year, 10-day low flow at Portland
______________________________________________________________________
Parameter Wastewater Delaware River just above Portland
3
Flow (m /sec) 0.1507 1.08
o
BOD5 at 16 C (mg/L) 128.00 Not provided
BODu at 28oC (mg/L) Not provided 11.40
DO (mg/L) 1.00 7.95
o -1
k at 20 C (day ) 0.4375 k of BOD in river is based on WW
Temperature (oC) 16.00 28.00

Data of river after WWTP

Average Speed (m/sec) N/A 0.390
Average Depth (m) N/A 2.80
Bed-activity coefficient N/A 0.200

1
A) What is the DO concentration as mg/L at Martins Creek? (35 Points)

WWTP
BOD5 = 128 mg/L at 16 C
3

Flow = 0.1507 m /sec

DO = 1.0 mg/L Martins Creek
T = 16 C Portland DO = ?
k = 0.4375
River before Portland
BODu = 11.40 mg/L River after Portland
3
Speed = 0.390 m/s
Flow = 1.08 m /sec Depth = 2.8 m
DO = 7.95 mg/L Bed Activity = 0.20
T = 28 C
Distance between Portland and Martins Creek is 15.55 km

Must Solve for Dt at the appropriate time then solve for DO considering proper
temperature.

k d La kd t kr t kr t
Dt e e Da e
kr kd

Dt = DOs – DO, therefore

DO = DOs - Dt

Time to Martins Creek

m
15.55km * (1000 )
Time km 39,871.79 sec
m
0.390
sec

sec min hr
Convert to seconds to day 39,871.79sec / 60 * 60 * 24 0.4615day
min hr day
Time (t) for a drop of water to travel 15.55 km = 0.4615 days
(2 Points)
Solve for Temperature down stream of WWTP

m3 m3
0.1507 * 16 o C 1.08 * 28 o C
sec sec
Temperature below WWTP 3 3
26.53o C
m m
0.1507
1.08
sec sec
T of river below WWTP = 26.53oC
(2 Points)

Solve for DOsaturated at 26.53oC

From Table provided only DOs at 25oC and 30oC are provided therefore evaluation
through interpolation must be done to calculate the DOs at 26.53oC.

y2 y1 30 25 26.53 25
Slope Formula
x2 x1 7.56 8.26 x 8.26

7.56 8.26 mg
x 8.26 26.53 25 * 8.05 DOs at 26.53o C
30 25 L
o
DOs @ 26.53 C = 8.05 mg/L
(2 Points)

Solve for variables of Dt equation; Da, La, kd, kr

Da = DOs – DOo

First solve for the initial DO then the initial deficit (Do)

mg m3 mg m3
1.0 * 0.1507 7.95 * 1.08
L sec L sec mg
DOo 3 3
7.10
m m L
0.1507 1.08
sec sec
(2 Points)

Now solve for Da

Da = 8.05 mg/L – 7.10 mg/L = 0.95 mg/L

(2 Points)
 Qw Low Qr Lor
La =
Qw Qr

BODu (i.e., Lo) at 28oC is the same as BODu at 20oC or any other temperature, therefore
Lor of river at the point of mixing remains as 11.40 mg/L. Lor = 11.40 mg/L
(2 Points)

BOD of WWTP is given as BOD5 @ 16oC so we must first solve for BODu (i.e., Low)
using a k at 16oC

kT k 20 (T 20 )
, for k and kd; 4-20oC = 1.135 and 20 – 30 oC = 1.056

k16 0.4375 * (1.135) (16 20 ) 0.2636 day 1

(3 Points)

BODt
Low BODt = Lo(1-e-kt) or Lo
1 e kt
mg
128
L 128 mg
Low 1
174 .78
1 e ( 0.2636 day *5 day ) 0.7323 L
Low = 174.78mg/L
(3 Points)

m3 mg m3 mg
0.1507 * 174.78 1.08 * 11.40
sec L sec L mg
La 3 3
31.42
m m L
0.1507 1.08
sec sec

Lo = 31.42 mg/L
(2 Points)

kd and kr at 26.53oC
kd at 20oC
m
0.39
u 1 sec * 0.2 1
kd = k = k d 20 0.4375 d 0.4654 d
h 2.8m

(2 Points)
kd at 26.53oC
k d @ 26.53 0.4654 * (1.056) ( 26.53 20 )
0.6643 day 1

kd @26.53 = 0.6643 d-1

(2 Points)
kr at 20oC
1
m 2
1 3.9 * 0.39
3.9 u 2
sec 1
kr 3
= k r 20 3
0.5198 d
h 2
2.8 2
(2 Points)
kr at 26.53oC, for kr = 1.024
k r @ 26.53 0.5198 * (1.024) ( 26.53 20 ) 0.6069 day 1

kr @26.53 = 0.6069 d-1

(2 Points)

Variables
Da = 0.95 mg/L; La = 31.42 mg/L; kd @26.53 = 0.6643 d-1;
kr @26.53 = 0.6069 d-1; DOsat @26.53 C = 8.05 mg/L

Solve for Dt where t = 0.4615 days

k d La kd t kr t kr t
Dt e e Da e
kr kd

mg
0.6643 d 1 * 31.42
L e ( 0.6643d 1*0.4616 d ) ( 0.6069 d 1*0.4616 d ) mg ( 0.6069 d 1*0.4616 d )
D0.4615 days 1
e 0.95 e
0.6069d 0.6643 d 1 L

mg
1
20.87 d
D0.4615 days L 0.7359 0.7557 0.7179 mg 363.58
mg
0.0198 0.7179
mg
1
0.0574 d L L L
mg mg mg
D0.4615 days 7.20 0.7179 7.92
L L L

D0.4615day = 7.92 mg/L

(4 Points)

Solve for DO at Martins Creek

DO0.4615day = DOs - Dt = 8.05 mg/L – 7.92 mg/L = 0.13 mg/L (3 Points)
A) DO 15.55 km downstream at Martins Creek is about 0.13 mg/L

B) The answer makes sense because of the DO being close to 0 mg/L

at Martins Creek If so, there certainly would be issues of foul odor! (5
Points)