‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬

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 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫‪۷‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪۱۳‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪۱۳‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫‪۱۵‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۲۱‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ‬
‫‪۲۳‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ‬
‫‪۲۷‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۳۲‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۳۷‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫‪۳۸‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫‪۵۱‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬
‫‪۶۲‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬
‫‪۶۶‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪۹۷‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫‪۱۰۱‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪۱۱۳‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻭﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪۱۲۴‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬
‫‪۱۳۴‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ‬
‫‪۱۴۳‬‬ ‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۱۵۳‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۱۶۹‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪۱۷۸‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪۱۸۷‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬
‫‪۱۸۸‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۱۹۳‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۲۰۴‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪۲۱۰‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺎ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺗـﺎ ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﮊﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏ‪،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺷـﻮﺭ ﻭ ‪ . .‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺣﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬

‫‪،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻴـﺐﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻀـﻞ ﺍﻟﻬـﻲ ﺗـﻮﻓﻴﻘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﺗـﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﻗـﺪﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭﺗﻘـﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺭﺿﺎﻱ ﺧﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻧﺸﺎ ﺍ‪...‬ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﻔـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﻬﻦ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺼﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤـﭗﻫـﺎ ﺗـﺎ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺢ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟــﺐ ﻣﻄﺮﻭﺣـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘــﺐ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﻣﺮﺑــﻮﻁ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺟــﺰﻭﺍﺕ ‪ API‬ﻭ‬

‫‪Manual‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﺨﺼـﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻛـﻪ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻗﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻫﺴـﺘﻴﻢ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﻧﺸـﺎﺍ‪...‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭼﺎﭖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓـﺰﻭﻥ ﻫﻤﮕـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻧﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩﻣﺎﻩ ‪- ۱۳۸۳‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﺮﻱ‪-‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

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 ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻫـﺪ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ)ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ(‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺩﺭﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﺟﻬـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺘﻮﺕ ﺗﻴﻮﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ)ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯﺩﺍﻧﺴـﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ (ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺒـﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ)ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﻳـﺎ‪(......‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺟﻴـﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‪....‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﺪﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫)ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ(ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ)ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ(‬

‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻫـﺪ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪2g‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ‪V‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﺑﺮﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﻭ‪g‬ﺷـﺘﺎﺏ ﺛﻘـﻞ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﺑﺮﻣﺠﺬﻭﺭﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺪﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺘﻮﺕ ﺗﻴﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪:‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻳـﻚ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻫــﺪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺑﺪﺳــﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻧﺴــﺘﻦ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄــﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩ ﻛــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ )ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻫﺎ(ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪⇒ V = 2 gH‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ‪H‬ﻫﺪﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ)ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ(‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ)ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ(ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‪Head‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ) ﺳﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﺍﺏ (ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺳـﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺏ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫‪۷۶‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸـﻲ ﻭﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪V12 P‬‬
‫‪Z+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2g γ‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻫﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‪Data Sheet‬ﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺪﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‪Dynamic Pump‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪Positive Displacement Pumps‬‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪Special Pumps‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‪Dynamic Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻏﺎﻟـﺐ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ) ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻥ (ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪Centrifugal Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪Mixed Flow Pump‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Axial Flow Pump‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪Peripheral Pump‬‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﺫﻳــﻼ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﺼــﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺟــﻊ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻧﻬــﺎﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﺑﻌــﺪﻱ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤــﺚ ﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪Positive Displacement Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‪Reciprocating Pumps‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‪Piston Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ‪Plunger Pump‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‪Diaphragm Pump‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫ﺏ ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Rotary Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﻳـﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨـﺪﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪Suction‬ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪ Discharge‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Single Rotor‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ‪Multiple Rotor‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Single Rotor‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‪Vane Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‪Piston Pump‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻋﻲ‪Flexible Member Pump‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‪Screw Pump‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‪Peristaltic Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ )‪(Multiple Rotor‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‪Gear Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‪Lobe Pump‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‪Screw Pump‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Circumferfntical Piston Pump‬‬
‫ﻭ‪......‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‪Diaphragm Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻥ )ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ( ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ) ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ) ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ (ﻋﻤﻶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺂﺻﻔﺮﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫‪ -۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ‪Electromagnetic‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﺰﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍﺟـﺰﺀ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﺟﻜﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪Eductor‬‬
‫‪Pulsators-۲‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪Hydrulic Lift‬‬
‫‪`-۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‪Elecromagnetic Pump‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺯﭼﻨﺪﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﻤـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺍﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ρ1v1 A1 = ρ 2v2 A2‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ )ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ(‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ)ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ )ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺪ(ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪V12‬‬ ‫‪P V2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+ Z1 = 2 + 2 + Z 2 + ∆H‬‬
‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪2g‬‬ ‫‪γ 2g‬‬
‫‪ = ∆H‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪٢‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻣﻨﺘﻢ ) ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ(‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣـﻮﻣﻨﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬
 ‫) ‪F . = m 0 (Vt1 − Vt2‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻼﻑ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋـﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ‪ ١‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ V1 = 3ml sec‬ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ D1 = 2m‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ‪ ٢‬ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ D2 = 3m‬ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ V2 = ? ٢‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪π‬‬
‫* ‪Q = V1 A1 = 3‬‬ ‫‪* 4 = 9.42m3 / sec‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪V1 A1 = VV2‬‬
‫‪2 A2‬‬

‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪9.42‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫= ‪V2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.33m / sec‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪A2 2.25π‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪Z2 = 0‬‬

‫‪Z1 = H‬‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪V1 = 0‬‬

‫‪P1 = P2 = 0‬‬

‫‪V12 P1‬‬ ‫‪V2 P‬‬

‫‪+ + Z1 = 2 + 2 + Z 2‬‬
‫‪2g γ‬‬ ‫‪2g γ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪V22‬‬
‫= ‪ : 0 + 0 + H‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬ ‫‪+0+0‬‬
‫‪2g‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫‪⇒ V = 2 gH‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Sp.Gr = 0.85‬‬
‫‪ P1 = 0.75MPa‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬

‫)ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪١‬ﻭ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫‪V12 P1‬‬ ‫‪V2 P‬‬

‫‪A1V1 = A2V2 ⇒ V2 = gV1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Z1 +‬‬ ‫‪+ = Z2 + 2 + 0‬‬
‫‪2g γ‬‬ ‫‪2g γ‬‬
‫‪V1 = 4.5m / sec‬‬
‫‪V12 P1‬‬ ‫‪700000‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫⇒‬ ‫= )‪+ (−1 + 81‬‬ ‫‪⇒ V2 = 40.8m / sec‬‬
‫‪2g γ‬‬ ‫‪1000 * 0.85 * 9.81‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Q = 0.02m / SEC‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪π‬‬
‫‪∑ F = m (V‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫* ‪− V1 ) ⇒ F1 − FX = m 0 (V2 − V1 ) ⇒ 0.9‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪(0.075) 2 − FX = 1000 * 0.85 * 0.02 * (40.8 − 4.5‬‬

‫‪⇒ FX = 2470 N‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺯﺍﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ) ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ – ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ –ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﭘﻴﭻ ﻭﺧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪.(........‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ‪Friction Losses‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪LV2‬‬
‫‪∆H = f‬‬
‫‪d 2g‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ‪ f‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‪ L,‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪ V,‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪ d,‬ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪F .‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪SVD‬‬
‫= ‪ ( RE‬ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪ)‬
‫‪µ‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪V2‬‬
‫≈ ‪Hf‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫‪2g‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ )ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ – ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﻳﻮﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ (...‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺯﻳﺮﺍﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﮔﺮﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺷﻮﺩﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‬

‫‪١٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺩﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩﻓﻮﻕ ﻭﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭﺣﻞ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﻚ ﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺗﻤـﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻫـﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﺍﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻳـﺎﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﭼﻚ ﻭﻟﻮﺑﺎﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪۲۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪۱۴‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬
١٥
 ‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻭ‪Wearing Ring‬ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺻـﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺎﺣﺪﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪Cavitation‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻳﺎﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺣﺒـﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Pitting‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﮔﺎﻫــﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪۱۰۰۰۰‬ﭘﻮﻧــﺪﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳــﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ‪ Random‬ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻭ…‪ .‬ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٢‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ) ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑـﻴﺶ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٣‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ)ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ( ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٤‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٥‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ )ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﺮ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ‪Cavitation‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﻻﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ( ‪ -۴‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﮑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‪Reducer‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﺎﻣﺶ ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﺯﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﻭ‪.....‬‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ)ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻼ( ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻧﻈﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ )ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ(ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ‪Max Suction Lift‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺻﻔﺮ)ﺧﻼ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ( ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ‪ SP.gr = 1‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻮﺭﻳﭽﻠﻲ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺮﺍﺯﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻭﺍﺭﻭﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻣﻼ‬

‫ﺧﻼﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭﺩﺭﻳﺎﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪۷۶‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ﻳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﭼﻮﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪۱۳/۶‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺧﻼﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻭﺭﺩﺻﻔﺮﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﻓـﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﺪﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺩﺭﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﭽﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﭘﺲ ﺍﮔﺮﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣـﺜﻼ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺪﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋـﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻛـﻪ ﻫـﻴﭻ ﭘﻤﭙـﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺗﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ(ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪Patm‬‬
‫= ‪Max Suotion Lift‬‬ ‫‪= 10m.h2 o‬‬
‫‪SP.gr‬‬
‫ﻭﻟــﻲ ﻫﺮﭼــﻪ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺳــﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳــﺎ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﺷﻮﺩﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘــﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﻣﻜــﺶ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰﻛﻤﺘﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫـﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮﺑﺨـﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛـﻢ ﺷـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑـﻪ ‪۱۰۰‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩﻣﻲ ﺭﺳـﺪﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺣﺘﻤﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺏ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰‬‬ ‫‪۸۰‬‬ ‫‪۷۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۰‬‬ ‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪۳۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪Tc‬‬
‫‪۱۰,۳۳‬‬ ‫‪۷,۱۵‬‬ ‫‪۴,۸۳‬‬ ‫‪۳,۱۸‬‬ ‫‪۲,۰۳‬‬ ‫‪۱,۲۶‬‬ ‫‪۰,۷۵‬‬ ‫‪۰,۴۳‬‬ ‫‪۰,۲۴‬‬ ‫‪۰,۱۲ ۰,۰۹‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺻﻔﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﺏ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻧﺸﻮﺩﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ)ﻋﻤﻠﻲ( ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪pv‬‬ ‫‪pg‬‬
‫‪Maximum Suction Lift Available = (m hs + h f +‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪S .G S .G‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ : MSLA‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ :hf‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬
 ‫‪ : hs‬ﻫﺪﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ )ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (‪.‬‬

‫‪ : Pv‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫‪ : pg‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ) ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ(ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺍﺩﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩ ﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ ، Foot Valve‬ﺯﺍﻧﻮ ﻭ ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺍﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ Suction Lift‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪-۶‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻭ‪......‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪NPSH‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪Ansolvte Pr essure at Pump Suction − Vapor Pr essure at Pump Tem‬‬
‫= ‪N .P.S .H‬‬
‫‪SP.gr * 0.433‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ NPSH‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺗﺎﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﻫﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻫﺪﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻫﺪﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ‪ NPSHavi‬ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪NPSHreq‬ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪NPSHreq.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺗﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻫـﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ‪ .NPSHreq‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ NPSH‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺘﻲ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‪NPSHreq .‬‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺳﺖ )ﭼﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺴـﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﭼﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﭼـﻪ ‪ NPSH‬ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺣﺼـﻮﻝ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪﻳﺎﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺷﻮﺩﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺮﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ‪ Cavitation‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑـــﺎﻻ ﺭﻓـــﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺟـــﻪ ﺣـــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـــﺎﻳﻊ ﻣـــﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـــﺮ ﻛـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪ ﺑـــﺎﻻ ﺭﻓـــﺘﻦ ﻓﺸـــﺎﺭ ﺑﺨـــﺎﺭ ﻣـــﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﻬـــﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪NPSHreq‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺪﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻳﺎ‪Screw‬ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪Suction Loose‬ﻳﺎﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺪﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺣﺘﻤﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺜﻼﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪NPSH‬ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻣﻌﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻭﺭﺩ ﻭﻣﺨﺎﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻼﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺯﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪NPSH‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪ NPSHavi‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪Hammering‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪﻃﺒﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻣﻨﺘﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻮﻣﻨﺘﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ)ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ( ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻭ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﯼ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻠﻮﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﺧﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﯽ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ )ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ(ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻭﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪ρd‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪SE‬‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬
 ‫‪:S‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪m/sec‬‬
‫‪s2‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬
‫‪kg.‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ : ρ‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫‪ : k‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ) ‪( 2‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪ :d‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪(m‬‬
‫‪kg‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪ :E‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‬
‫‪m2‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ –ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺑﺎﻗﻄﺮ”‪ 4‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ”‪ 0.237‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 3m/sec‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻓﻌﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 1295‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪ 39.6 kg / cm 2‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﯽ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻌﮑﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻮﺽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺑﯽ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻳﮏ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﯽ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺗﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﺏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻻﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ‪Vortex‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺏ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻪ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻳﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﺭﺗﻜﺲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺪ)ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ(ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﺩﺭﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻭﺭﺗﻜﺲ ﺷﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ‪) Vortex Breaker‬ﺩﺭﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫــﺎﺋﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺍﻧﻬــﺎ ﺩﺭﻣــﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣــﻲ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛــﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﻣــﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﺗﺎﺍﺯﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻭﺭﺗﻜﺲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪﺩﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻛﻨﺪﺗﺎﺍﺯﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺗﻜـﺲ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﺭﺍﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻒ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻭﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﻗﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺍﺯﺍﻳﺤﺎﺩﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ ﻭﻣﻐﺸﻮﺵ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﻂ)ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ (ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ)ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ( ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ‪Recirculation‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﻳﺎﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﻻﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻣﺪﻥ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ‪Vane Tips‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺗﻴﻐـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ Underfilling‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﭼﺎﺭﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺎﺩﺭﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﺼـﺐ ‪)Division‬ﺟـﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ( ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃــﺮﺍﻑ ﻓﻀــﺎﻱ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧــﻪ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻛــﻪ ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻓﺸــﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‪Vane Pass Frequency‬ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ Recirculation‬ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪--۱‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ)ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻓﻠﻮ ( ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﻫﺮﺯ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ(ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺧﻮﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪--۲‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ)ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ( ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ‪Recirculation‬ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪Shroud‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪Minimum Flow‬‬

‫ﺍﺯﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ‪VaporLock‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ )ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ(‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ)ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﻭ‪ (.........‬ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻓـﻮﻕ ﺭﺍﺗـﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ)ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ(ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪Minimum Flow‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﭘﻤﭙﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ‪Data Sheet‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺩﺭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪By Pass‬ﻳﺎﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮﻕ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺒﻌـﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ‪ ,‬ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ‪ Base Plate‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪Foundation‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﮕﺸﺘﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭّﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ)ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻭ‪ (....‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ Anchor Bolt‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪ)ﻳﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ(ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ‪Anchor‬‬
‫‪ Bolt‬ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺣﺘﯽ ﺻﻴﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻨﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﯽ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﺰﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﺳﯽ‪Base plate‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻓﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺗﺎﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪Soft‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪Foot‬ﻭ‪...‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺻﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻠﺒﻴﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻭﺻﻴﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺶ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺮﮔﻴﺞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﺮﯼ ﭼﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﺰﯼ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ )ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﺒﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﯽ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﯼ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺗﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﻴﺰﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﻻﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﯽ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﮔﺮﻭﺕ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﺭﺧﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﻤﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭ‪Anchor Bolt‬ﻫﺎﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ‫ﮔﺮﻭﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﯼ‪Grouting‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‪ Base Plate‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﭘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺷﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ Grout-Epoxy‬ﻭ ‪ Cement–Based Grout‬ﻫﺎﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ‪ Epoxy Grout‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻣﻲ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻭ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﺪﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺿﺮِﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪ)‪ (Curing‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ‪ Epoxy Grout‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﯽ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﯽ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ) ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ‪ ,‬ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻭﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻫﺎﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ Cement-Based Grout‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ‪ Cement –Based Grout‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٤‬‬
 ‫‪ -۵‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ‪ Cement –Based Grout‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ)ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺧﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻓﺴﺎﺩﭘﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ )ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﭘﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ) ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ( ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ base plate‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‪ Curing‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺯﻳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ Bracing‬ﻫﺎﯼ) ﻣﻮﻗﺖ (‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ )ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ( ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Pipe wave‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ Expansion Joint‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 0.002‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﺒـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۸‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ( ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﺗﺎﺣـﺪﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ(ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻭﺻـﻮﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿـﻌﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺤـﻞ‬

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‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﻻﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ‪Reducer‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ Smooth‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ‪Suction‬‬
‫‪ Loose‬ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻭ‪(.......‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳـﻼ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﻏﻠﻂ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺩﺭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻠﻔـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫـﻮﺍﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻗﻄﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪Eccentric Reducer‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺘﺪﻩ‪Increaser‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٦‬‬
 ‫‪-۳‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺍﺯﺧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﻧﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ(ﻭﺑﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻭﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﺭﺍﺯﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺣـﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ )ﺣـﺪﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﻭﻧـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺑﺮﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ(ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﻴﺰﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪D=(0.95-1.22) Q‬‬

‫‪ Q‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺮﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺳﺎﻳﺰﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯﺳـﺎﻳﺰ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺑـﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪Mesh‬ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﺰﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ‪......‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻭ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ‪Rod Hanger‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪,‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﻥ (ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ‪ Supporting‬ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ‪ Hanger‬ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ)ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ( ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ)ﻛﺶ ﺍﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ(ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﺮﯼ‪Spring Hanger & Support‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪,‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ(ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ)ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ( ﺑﮑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ)‪(Set‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺑﻌﺪﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭﮔﺮﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ‪Hot Set‬‬
‫‪Spring Hanger‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺫﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ,‬ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ)ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ‪ Data Sheet‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ(ﻓﻨﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻟﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﮏ ‪ Gasket‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﺍﺯﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﻨﮕﺮﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Hanger‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ)ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ( ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻲ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ ‪Cold Set‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪).‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ)ﻛﻪ ﺍ ﺯ‪ Data Sheet‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ(ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺮﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﯽ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺮ )ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ( ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﻟﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﯽ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﻓﻨﺮ )ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ( ﮐﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﮔﻮﺷﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ)ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ(ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ‪ Hanger‬ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ( ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ)ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ( ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ‪ Spring Hanger‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ‪ Data sheet‬ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺮﻫﺎﺭﺍﺩﺭﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺍﺟﺎﺯﻫﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻳﺪﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺩﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺭﺷﺪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻜﺴﻜﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Data sheet‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪Positive Displacement Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﮔﺮﺷﻴﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‪Reciprocating Pump‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Rotary Pump‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‪Reciprocating Pump‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺗـﺎﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍﺗﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻠـﻮﻱ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺪﻥ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺧﺴـﺎﺭﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺟـﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻣـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑـﻪ ﻇـﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺘﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ Dampener‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻭﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ‪Safety Valve‬ﺩﺭﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ‪By Passs‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻓﻠـﻮﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎﻡ ‪Air‬‬

‫‪Chamber‬ﻭﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯ‪Dampener‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺣـﺒﺲ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟـﺮﺯﺵ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﭼﻨﺪﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻛﭙﺴــﻮﻝ ﻫــﺎ ‪ Air Chamber‬ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﻲ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﻱ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ)ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘــﻪ( ﻭﻓﺸــﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﻟــﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ)ﺗﺎ‪۵۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ( ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺎﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‪Piston Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ‪Plunger Pump‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‪Diaphragm Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‪Piston Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭖ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﺧﻼ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ(ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻻﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ(ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺍﺯﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ)ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ) ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ( ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪﻭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪Safety Valve‬ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ‪Set‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺗﺴﺖ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ‪ Safety Valve‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﺒﺨﺶ ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪،‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ( ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ‪Stroke‬ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻛـﻢ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ )ﻓﻠﻮ ( ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ )ﻟﺰﺟﺖ( ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-۴‬ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ)ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺍﻥ(ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‪.‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺩ‪-‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‪.Lube Oil‬‬

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‫ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺑﺴﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺩﻭﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪Ball Valve-‬‬

‫ﺏ‪Disck Valve-‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳـﺎﻳﺰ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺯﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪Automatic Packing‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪V-Ring‬ﻫﺎﻭ‪U-Cup‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ) ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ(‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ)ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴـﻚ(ﺑـﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺳـﻨﺪﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ)ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻳﺎﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺍﻣـﺪﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳـﺖ( ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﺍﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪﻛﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻳـﻚ ﻋـﺪﺩ‪Lantern Ring‬ﺩﺭﻭﺳـﻂ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻭﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪Manzel Lubricator‬ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ )ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ( ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺪ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ( ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻫـﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ( ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﻛﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ‪Over Load‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻳﺎﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﺍﻣﭙﺮﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻠﻮﺍﺯﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺑــﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳــﺎﺩ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨــﺪﻩ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭﻋﻤــﻞ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﺛﺎﺑــﺖ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ)ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‪.....‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ ‪By Pass‬ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪Timing‬ﺳﻮﭘﺎﭘﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ )ﻟﺰﺟﺖ( ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ )ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ( ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ،‬ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻲ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ( ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Pulsation‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛــﺖ )ﻛــﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻴﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﻳــﺎ ﭘﻼﻧﺠــﺮ(ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻣﺤﻔﻈــﻪ ﺳــﺮ ﭘﻴﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ Pulsation‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪Air Chamber‬ﻳﺎﻧﺼﺐ‪Dampener‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Pulsation‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ‪Safety Valve‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ‪Plunger Pump‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻭﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻫﺎﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫﺎﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻠـﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـﺎ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺳـﻲ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ )ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ(ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨـﮓ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻨﺮﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺗﺎﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻭﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ Check Valve‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺻﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻭﻓﻨﺮﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۷‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪Sight Glass -۸‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۹‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑـﻪ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺎﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺰﺍﺭﭘﻮﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ)ﺑﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺻـﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳـﺎ ‪ Drip Tube‬ﺑﻄـﺮﻑ‬
‫‪ Sight Glass‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ) ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ( ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻤﮕـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻴـﻞ ﻟﻨـﮓ ﻣـﻲ ﭼﺮﺧـﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ Manzel Lubricator‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‪ st.st‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Sight Glass‬ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ‪ Sight Glass‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻥ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪ Vent‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ‪ -o‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ Drip Tube‬ﺩﺭﺍﺛـﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺷـﻐﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﺯﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ‪.Manzel Lubricator‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ‪ Check Valve‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ‪ Sight Glass‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ) ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺳﺖ ( ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ Stroke‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ Vent‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪Sight Glass‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ) ﺭﻭﻏﻦ (‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ ) ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ¼ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ‬
‫‪Manzel Lubricator‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬

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‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫﺸـﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳـﺎ‪Low Level Alarm‬ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭ‪........‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪Positive Displacement Valve‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺮﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‪Diaphragm Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺟﺰﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠـﺎﻉ‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﺎﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻧﺒﺴـﺎﻁ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻭﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ‪ .....‬ﺍﺯﺟـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰﻭﻳﺎﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﻴـﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﻣﻬـﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺳﻤﻲ ﻭﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺻﺪﺩﺭﺻﺪﺻﻔﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ )ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ( ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ) ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ) ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ (ﻋﻤﻶ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻵﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻶ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻛـﻮﺭﺱ ﻳـﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﮕـﺮ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤـﭗ)ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﻛﻮﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺣﺪﺯﻣﺎﻥ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ‪Pulsation-Dampener‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺎﮔﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻣﻚ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺎﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻧﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﺳﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪Check Valve‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺛـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺩﺭﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻭﺏ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺸـﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ‪ Electromagnetic‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻫﺴـﺘﻪ )ﭘﻼﻧﺠـﺮ(‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺑﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﺂﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺻﻮﻵ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻶ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ‪ Electromagnetic‬ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﻭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﻧﺸﺘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪--۱‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻚ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -۶‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ )ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻓﻠﻮﻭ‪......‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﭙﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻭ‪....‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﻳﺎﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Rotary Pump‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺟـﺰ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺩﺭﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬

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‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺎﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪..‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻨﮓ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ‪ .....‬ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ)ﺑﺎﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ)ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ(ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﻴـﻒ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺑﺎﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻫﻤـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻱ)‪(Lobe Pump‬ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‪Sliding Vane‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‪ Gear Pump‬ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ‪Screw‬‬
‫‪Pump‬ﻭ‪.........‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Single Rotor‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ‪Multiple Rotor‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‪Lobe Rotor Pump‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ Lobe Rotor Pump‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﺟﻔـﺖ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﻔﺖ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ‪ Timing Gear‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ)ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺩﺭﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺮ ﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺩﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﻤﻶ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴـﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻲ ﻣـﺜﻶ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻮﺷـﻴﺪﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻟﻮﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﺏ ﺳﻪ ﻟﻮﺏ ﻭ‪....‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﭼﻨﺪﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪Lobe Rotor Pumps‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺤـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ‪NPSH‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺩﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺂ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭ‪......‬ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ‪Screw Pump‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ )ﺭﺗﻮﺭ(ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺘﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ )ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺭﺷﻤﻴﺪﺱ(‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ‪Single Screw Pump‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ )ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺭﺷﻤﻴﺪﺱ (ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﺘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ)ﻟﻘﻲ( ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪﻧﻪ )ﺑﺎﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ( ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺭﺷـﻤﻴﺪﺱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ 75%‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺭﺷﻤﻴﺪﺱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ‪ ١٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺷﻤﻴﺪﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗـﺎ‬

‫‪ 80000GPM‬ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮﺩﻥ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ‪Multi Screw Pump‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ ﺩﻭﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ)‪ (Timing Gear‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﻃـﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺧﻨﺜـﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺸـﺪﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷـﺪﻩ) ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ(ﻛـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﭘـﻴﭻ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻋﻜﺲ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃـﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺭﺗـﻮﺭ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺯﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ)ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ(ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺯﻳﺮﺍﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﭘﻴﭽﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﭗ ﮔﺮﺩ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤـﭗ )ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ( ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎﻭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ( ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺂ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ٦-٦٠٠ m3/h‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﮔﺮ ﭼـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﺎ‪ ١٦٠٠ m3/h‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‪Screw Pump‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪ NPSH‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻭ‪ .......‬ﺣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧـﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﻴﻨـﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃــﺮﻑ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧــﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Self Priming -۷‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪--۸‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺭﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭ‪. ......‬‬

‫‪--۹‬ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪--۱‬ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Screw‬ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻤـ ﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻳﺎﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻣﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ Screw‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪--۷‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪Eccentric Helical Rotor‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ‪Flexible Member Pumps‬ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﺒـﺎﻕ ﭘﺮﺳـﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺣﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪Interference Fit‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻏﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻭﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻭﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪0.002-30mbar‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﻱ‪Vane Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ Vane‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻭ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Casing‬ﻭ ‪ Rotor‬ﻭ ‪Vane‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﺎﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎ)ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﻠﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‪Gear Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﺟﺰ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍﺑﻄﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺭﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﻨﺪ )ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﻮﺭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭﻛﻨﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺩﺭﺳﺎﻳﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪....‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺎﻗﻲ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ‬

‫‪-۴‬ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ)ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ(ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﺯﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﺰﺑﺎﻓﻠﺰ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺍﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪..‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻭﺟﻮﺩﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ Circulation‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭﺗﻮﺍﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﻣﺴﻴﺮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺑﺤﺚ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‪Dynamic Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﺎﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸـﻲ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺩﺭﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﻳﺮﺗﺮﺍﺯﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺍﺳـﺖ)ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ(ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻧﺞ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ )ﺳﺒﮏ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﮑﻮﺯ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ‪ ( ...‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻳﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻄﺮ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺧﻄﯽ ﻭ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬
‫‪--۳‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻐﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮐﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﯽ ‪ ،‬ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻳﻮﻳﻞ ﻭ ‪. (...‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ (‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-۹‬ﻓﻠﻮﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ)ﺩﺭﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ( ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﻮﺍﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‪Dynamic Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‪Centrifugal Pump‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪Mixed Flow‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Axial Flow‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪Peripheral Pump‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪Centrifugal Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻳﺎﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ)ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ(ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ Impeller‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ Volute Casing‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ)ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ Impeller Eye‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ)ﻭﻟﻮﺕ( ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﻼ‬

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‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻫﺪ‪Head‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻛﻮﺭﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺣﺘﻤﺎﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﺍﺍﺯﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪Vane‬ﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

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‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ‪Vane‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ‪Casing‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ )ﻳﺎﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ(ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ)ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ(ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻡ)ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ(ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻡ)ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ(ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﺎﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻪ ‪Vane‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪Vent‬ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ )ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ(ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺍﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭ ﺳﻴﺎ ﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﺪ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ(ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﻭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﺭﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﺲ)ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ(ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪Warm Up Line‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪Flashing‬‬
‫‪Oil‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ Vent‬ﻭﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪Warm Up Line‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻛﻢ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﺑﺎﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺎﺯﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻛﻮﭘﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ ‪.‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪Vane‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﺍﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ)ﺟﻬﺖ‬

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‫ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﺯﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ‪Over Hung‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Between Bearing‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﯽ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫‪-۴‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪Foot Mount-‬‬
‫ﺏ‪Center Mount-‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ‪-‬ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ‪Over Hung-End Suction‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣﺮﮐـﺰ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻝ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺭﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪.....‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺶ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ End Suction‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Between Bearing‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﻭﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﻳﺎﺗﻠﻘﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﺎ ﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺣﺪﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‪. Volute Casing Pump‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ ‪.Diffuser Pump‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ‪Volute Casing Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺷﻜﻠﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺭﺁﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺰﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ Discharge Nozzle‬ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﭙﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ )ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ( ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ )ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 360‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﻧﺪ( ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺂ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ Discharge Nozzle‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪ )ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ( ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪Radial Thrust‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ Single Volute Pumps‬ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺷـﻌﺎﻉ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺑـﺮﻭﻱ ﻫـﻢ)ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ‪۱۸۰‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻱ(ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺿﺮﺏ ﺩﺭﺳﻄﺢ ( ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻭﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻏﺎﻟـﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷـﺎﺕ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪.......‬ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺂ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ( ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻛﻨـﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻏﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺯﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ) ‪۱۸۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺗﺎﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳـﻼ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ‪.Double Volute‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﺪﻩ ‪.Diffuser‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺩﻭﺑﻠﻪ‪Double Volute Pump‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ‪Double Volute‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Double‬‬

‫‪ ، Volute‬ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪180 ،‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Volute‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ‪ Stages‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ 180‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ﹰﺎ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭ ‪ head‬ﺑـﺎﻻ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ Head‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻨﺪﻩ‪Diffuser Pump‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‪ Diffuser‬ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻟﻮﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﯼ)ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ( ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﯽ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻭﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﻭﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

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 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﯽ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪Open Impeller‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪Semiopen Impeller‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪Closed Impeller‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪Open Impeller‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ‪ Hub‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻘـﻮﻳﺘﻲ‬

‫)ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ( ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺂ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺂ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻨﺪ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﮐﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ (‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ(‬

‫ﻭﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﺮﺍﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻣـﻲ‬

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‫ﺩﻫﺪ)ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛـﻢ‪ Vane‬ﻭ ‪ Clearance‬ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺴـﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗـﻒ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻳﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ‪Over Hung‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺂ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺎﮔﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺗﮏ ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪Semi Open Impeller‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪Vane‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼـﻲ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ)ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ( ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺑﺒﻨﺪﻱ ‪. Stuffing Box‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻟﺰﺝ ﻭﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺁﻫﮏ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ)ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ( ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻘﺪﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻫـﻢ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺸـﻮﻧﺪﺗﺎﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺘﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪Closed Impeller‬‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻭ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ‪ ......‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‪ Vane‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻟﻔﺎﻓـﻪ ﺍﻱ‪Shroud‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ )ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ( ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ Wearing Rings‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ(ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺴـﺪﺍﺩ ‪ Clogging‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪-‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪Straight Vane Impeller‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺗﮏ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﺋﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‪Francis Impeller‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘـﺮﻩ ﭘﻴﭽﺸـﯽ ‪ Screw Vane‬ﻳـﺎ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﺋﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪Vane‬ﺩﺭﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﻧﻴﺰﭘﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺤﻨـﺎﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﻟﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﭼﻨﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺸﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﻣﻜﺸـﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Single Suction‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Double Suction‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Single Suction Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ Single Suction Impeller‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﺸـﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‪Over Hung‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﺭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺸﻪ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ)ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ(ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺨﺶ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﻔﺼـﻞ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪Double Suction Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺸﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪..‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺭﺍﺧﻨﺜﯽ ﻣﯽ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪ Axially Split‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﻴﺰﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻮﮊ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ (ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﯽ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻳﺎﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Single Stage Pump‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻳـﮏ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺪﻱ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻄﺮﺯﻳﺎﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻓـﻮﺕ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﺍﺯﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Multistage Stage Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﮑـﺎﺭ ﻣیﺮﻭﻧـﺪ‪.‬ﻭﻣﺰﻳـﺖ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺗـﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪...‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺟﺎﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻭﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻫﻬﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ)ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﻱ( ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 110 Atm‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫‪ 3600R.P.M‬ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺗﮑﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮﯼ)‪ (Tie Rod‬ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻧﺮﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٣‬‬
 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ‪Radial Flow Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﺎﻣﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎﻱ ﭘـﺮﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ Single Curvature‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‪ Francis Vane‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﻨـﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻤـﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ(ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺤﻨﺎ )ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ(ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪Angle Tip‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ‪Vane‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﻭﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻭﻫﺮﺯ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪Mixed Flow Pump‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺭﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ)ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﺎﻫﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺎ ﻝ( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺁ ﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮﯼ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪.‬ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﮐﺸﺘﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﭽﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻫﺎﻱ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﮐﻢ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‪ Single Suction‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺂ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺶ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻭﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﭼﻨﺪﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4200‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Francis‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺏ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪Periphery Pump‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ‪Chanel Pump‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻫﺪﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪..‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‪Axial Flow Pump‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﯼ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﭘﻴﻤﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﻘﺸﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﺨﯽ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﻫﺎﻱ)ﻓﻠﻮ( ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺑﺪﻫﯽ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ(‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺸﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺂ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺯﻳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ )‪ (Q-H‬ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺮ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺣﺘﻤـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ)ﺍﻣﭙﺮﻛﺸـﻴﺪﻥ ﺑـﻴﺶ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ( ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﻨـﺒﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ)ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻲ( ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ)ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻲ( ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪Vertical Turbine Pump‬ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺭﺟﺢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٢٥٠٠٠‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺯﺣﻮﺿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Inducer Impeller‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻳﺎﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ)ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﺎﻻ( ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ‪ Inducer‬ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ NPSH‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻭﺳﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ‪. .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ‪ ، Inducer‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳـﺎﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑ ـﻪ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴــﺐ‪ Inducer‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ‪) NPSHR‬ﻫــﺪ ﺧــﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﺜﺒــﺖ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤــﭗ(‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫‪ NPSHa‬ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ Inducer .‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳـﻴﻮﻥ ‪Cavitation‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ ﺣﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺂ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ Inducer‬ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪ NPSHR‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪Suction Specific Speed‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪ NPSH‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪N Q‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪( NPSH ) o.75‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪N‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‪ RPM‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ Q‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‪ GPM‬ﻳﺎﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻭ ‪ H‬ﻫﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ ft‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ‪ S.I‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٨٧٥‬‬ ‫‪١٧٥‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫‪٢٥٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٨٥٧‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫‪٥٢٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٠٠‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ Q‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ‪H‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﻛﻢ‬

‫‪ ٦٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٥‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪٦٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﭼﺎﺭﺕ‪ Wislicenus‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ Q‬ﻭ ‪ H‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ )ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭ( ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻫـﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ‪،‬ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﻧﺎﭘﻴﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻫﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ Non -Overloading‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺪ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ Q-H‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻛﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻢ ﻫـﺪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻛﻤـﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻓﺮﺍﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ‪Impeller Modification‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ‪Wide‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ)ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ(ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ)ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ(ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ)ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﻴﻦ ‪۱۵‬ﺗﺎ‪۴۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ)ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ( ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ‪Underfilling‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪Volute Chipping‬ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﻓﻠﺰﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ‪ Underfilling‬ﻭﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﻭﺣﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ‪.‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ‪،‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻣﺜﻶ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ )ﺗﻴﺰ( ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ Water Ways‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺰ( ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺸﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻳﺎﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪Radially Split Casing Pump‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ‪ Radially Split‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺻـﺮﻓﻪ ﺟـﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Over Hung‬ﻳﺎﻣﻜﺶ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ‪Horizontaly Split Casing Pump‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎ )ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ( ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﻱ ﺭﻳﺨﺘـﻪ ﮔـﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺪﺍﺳﺘﺎﻝ ﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪ .‬ﻋﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﻧـﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭙﻬـﺎﻱ‪ Radially Split‬ﻛـﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺸـﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪Center Mount -۱‬‬
‫‪Foot Mount-۲‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Center Mount‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪ Temperature Pump High‬ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣـﻲ ﺍﻓﺘـﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺧـﻂ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﻻﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻤــﻲ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭﻟــﻲ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻨﻴــﮓ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﻄــﺎﻑ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒــﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤــﺮﻙ ﻭﺗﻨﻈــﻴﻢ‬
‫‪Alignment‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺭﺷﺪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﺍﺯ‪ ۹۰‬ﺫﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩﺑﺎﺷـﺪﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ‪Center‬‬
‫‪Mount‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Foot Mount‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗـﺐ‬

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‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Center Mount‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﺳـﻲ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﺭﺷـﺪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻬـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪Alignment‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ‪Center Mount‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪Vertical &Horizontal Pumps‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻮﮊ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﯼ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬

‫ﺏ – ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤ ﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﯽ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﺧﻨﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪Submerged Pump‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺴﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ‪.....‬ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ‪ Wet Stator‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﻴﻮﺯﺭﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪..‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﻔﻮﺫﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٦٥٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎ‪ ٢٤٠٠‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺑﻲ ‪Slurry Pump‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺷﻐﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﻴﻜﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٨‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ‪ MesH‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺷـﻦ‬
‫‪ Sand pump‬ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻳﺎﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ‪Close-Coupled Pump‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ)ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ (ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ‪ Alignment‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ )ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻶ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯﻧـﻮﻉ ‪Over‬‬

‫‪ Hung‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Barrel Type Pump‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﻮﺭﺍﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺌﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ (ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ‪Inner‬‬
‫‪ Case‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Radially Split‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Axially Split‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻭﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺟﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ‪......‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﭘﻴﭻ ﻭﺧﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ‪Rubber-Lined pump‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻏﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺭﺍﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻌـﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻭ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ)ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﻠﺸﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫـﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪Axial Thrust Force‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﭼﺸـﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ(ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑـﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ‪ Thrust Bearing‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳـﻼ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻭﺧﻨﺜـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ Double Suction Impeller‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺌـﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﺔ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﺴـﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ)ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﻻﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺍﻧﻮﺋﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ‪ Wearing Rings‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺴـﺎﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﻣﻜﺸﻪ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ، Balance Holes‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﺑـﻪ ﭼﺸـﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Balancing Holes‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﻻﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪Balancing Line‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻭﻗﻄﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ‪,‬ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ﻭﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ)ﻟﺰﺟـﺖ(‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ‪ Balancing Holes‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﺪﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺴـﺖ ﻫـﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺶ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫـﻢ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻟﺰﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨـﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺩﺭﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻭ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Over Hung‬ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ) ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﻼ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ( ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻛﺲ)ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻛﺲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺎﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ)ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ(ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺍﻥ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ(ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺣﺘﻤﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪﻗﻄﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳـﻦ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ)ﺑـﺮﺧﻼﻑ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻗﻄﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺷﻮﺩ(ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪Balance‬‬

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‫‪Hole‬ﺭﺍﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻋﻮﺽ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪Over Hung‬ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻋـﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻭﺩﻭﻋـﺪﺩﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﺷـﻮﺩﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮕـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﺳـﺮﻫﻢ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧــﺪﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺑــﺎﻻ ﺭﻓــﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺣﺮﻛــﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺧﻨﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻨﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺍﺯﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‪.....‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪ)ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ‪(.....‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺭﺍﺣـﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪Over Hung‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ Over Hung‬ﺑﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺟـﻮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ‪ Over Hung‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻣﻜـﺶ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ)ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻣـﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ )ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ( ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻭﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺬﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺎﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭙـﺎﮊ ﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ )ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳـﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﺸـﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ( ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ‪ Out Vane‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ Hub‬ﭘﺸـﺖ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

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 ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ)ﺩﺭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ(‬

‫ﻳﺎﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ )ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﮔﺮﺩ(ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﺴﻤﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ Balance Line‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭼﻨـﺪﺍﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻫﺪ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﻫﺎﻏﻴﺮﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺭﺍﻫﮕـﺎﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪Double‬‬

‫‪ Suction‬ﺩﺭﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﮔﺮﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴـﻚ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻳﺎﺭﻭﺩﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻤـﺪﻳﮕﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ(ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -۲‬ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ)ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ( ﻭﺑﻘﻴـﻪ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺨـﺎﻟﻒ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﺟﻤﻊ ﺟﺒﺮﻱ( ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻪ ‪ Opposed Impellers‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ )ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﭘﻤـﭗ( ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬

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‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫﺎﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ‪Hydrulic Balancing Device‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻚ ﺗـﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﻣﺜـﻞ ‪ Balancing Drum Piston‬ﻳـﺎ ‪ Balancing Disk‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﺎ‪Balancing Drum‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Drum‬ﻳـﺎ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪ Drum‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﭼﺮﺧـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ Drum‬ﻭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Balancing Drum Head‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ‪Balancing‬‬

‫‪ Line‬ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻏﻠﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Drum‬ﻭ ‪ Drum Head‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ‪ Drum‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮﺏ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﺋﻲ ‪ Drum‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ )ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﭼﭗ(ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻳﺎ ‪ Suction Pressure‬ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺛﺮ)ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺘﺸﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ Drum‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎ ‪ ٩٥-٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Balancing Drum‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ( ﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ Drum‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ‪ Balancing Drum‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺭﺗﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Drum‬ﻭ ‪Drum Head‬ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﺠﺎﺯﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ‪ Drum‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺍﻛﺪﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺯﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺍﭖ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪﺑﺎ ﻋﺚ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻻﺭﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ‪Balancing Disk‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ ‪ Disk Head‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ‪ Balancing Chamber‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ )ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﭘﺸـﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ )ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ( ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ ‪ Disk Head‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﻞ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ ‪ Disk Head‬ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺭﺗـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ ‪ Disk Head‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺭﺗـﻮﺭ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ‪ Orifice‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳـﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ) ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ( ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

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‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ)ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫـﺎ(‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪Balancing Drum , Balancing Disk‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳـﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﺍﻡ ﻳﺎﺑـﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻣـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ‪Drum Head‬‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻭﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪) Casing -۱‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ(‬

‫‪)Suction nozzle -۲‬ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ(‬

‫‪)Discharge nozzle -۳‬ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ(‬

‫‪)Impeller -۴‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ(‬

‫‪)Wearing Ring -۵‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ(‬

‫‪)Stuffing Box -۶‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ(‬

‫‪)Shaft -۷‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ(‬

‫‪)Shaft seal -۸‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ(‬

‫‪Bearing -۹‬ﻫﺎ)ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ(‬

‫‪) Bearing Housing-۱۰‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ(‬

‫‪) Bearing Housing-۱۱‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ(‬

‫‪Base Plate-۱۲‬‬

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 ‫‪) Support-۱۳‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ(‬

‫‪Coupling-۱۴‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪Impeller‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﻟﺒﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ‪Casing‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ(ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪Wearing Rings‬‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ Discharge‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ‪Suction‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ) ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺍﮔﺮﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﻮﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ ﻭ‪......‬ﻟﺒـﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﭼﺸـﻤﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﮔـﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻘـﺮﻭﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺩﻭﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪Impeller Wearing Ring‬ﻭ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‪Casing Wearing Ring‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻤﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﺎﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ‪ ,‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‪......‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﻢ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻓﻠـﻮ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻧﻴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ‪,‬ﭼﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻭ‪...‬ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛـﻼﺱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﺪﺯﻳﺮﺍﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﮔﻴﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﺑﺎﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ( ﻭﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻳﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‪ L-screw‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭ ‪L‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ)ﻭﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬

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‫ﺗﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺗﺮ(ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻥ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫(ﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺩﺭﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ Case Wearing‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻴﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻄﺒـﺎﻕ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ‪Self Align‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪ Labyrinth Type Rings‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺭ ﻫـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻫﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭﺧﻢ ﻫﺎﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﻩ ﻛـﻢ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺂ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺘﺂ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻓـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻜﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻛﻤﺘﺮﻭﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻭﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-۴‬ﺩﺭﻧــﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣــﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸــﻲ ﺷــﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣــﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪﻱ)ﻣﺜــﻞ ﭘــﻴﭻ(ﺗﻌﺒﻴــﻪ ﻣــﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ)‪ (Spiral‬ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﻛﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﮔﺮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪﻱ ﻫـﻢ ﺩﺭﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﺸﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﺯﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ‬

‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻝ ﺷـﻜﻞ) ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ( ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ‪Floating‬‬

‫‪Rings‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﺩﻭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﭘﺸﺖ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺩﺭﻏﻴـﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻧﺸـﺘﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺭﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﭘﺸـﺖ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻛﻤﺘﺮﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﺍﺳـﻤﺒﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺣﺴـﻦ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‪Self Align‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺎﭘﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺿـﺪﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﻳـﺎ‪Self Align‬ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﺎﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻭﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ‪Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻣﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪Recirculation‬ﻧﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‪....‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ‪Wearing Rings‬‬

‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ )ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺖ(ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ‪ Shrink Fit‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺭﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﭻ ‪ Set Screw‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛـﻪ‬

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‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ(ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻠﺰ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺗﺎﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺟﻠﻮﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‪.......‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺗـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﺘﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻢ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ )‪ (Nongalling Metals‬ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ‪ Gelling Metals‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 0.004‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 0.002‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﻗﻄـﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﺎ ‪ 0.003‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ( ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 9‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪+ 0.003‬‬

‫‪ 9.000‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ )ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ (‪ 9.000 +0.000‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﻭ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ‪ 0.024‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 0.018‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﺑﺎﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺮﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ)ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ)ﺩﺭﭼﻨﺪﺟﻬﺖ(ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻳﺎﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ)ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﻭﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ )ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ( ﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﻳﺎﺑﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪Shaft Sleeve‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ‪ ،Corrosion‬ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ‪Erossion‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ‪Wear‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﻭﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪Shaft Sleeve‬ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪Shaft Sleeve -۱‬ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪Shaft Sleeve -۲‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪Shaft Sleeve -۳‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Shaft Sleeve -۴‬ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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 ‫‪ Shaft Sleeve‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﯼ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﯼ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﺗﺎﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻭﻳﺎﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺧﻼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮕﻘﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﺍﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﭽﺮﺧﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ )ﺧﺎﺭ(ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﮐﻦ‪Shaft Sleeve‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺭﺍﻏﻼﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ‪......‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﺎﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﮐﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪Mechanical Seal Sleeve‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺍﺯ ‪Shaft Sleeve‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺰ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ‪Ball Bearing Sleeve‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ‪ Shaft Sleeve‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﻳﻔﻼﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ‪Diflector‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻔﻼﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭﻳﺎﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻝ ﺧﻮﺭ‪L-‬‬
‫‪Screw‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻻﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺑﺎﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻭﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ)ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻜﺎﻥ(ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ‪Bush‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺎﺑﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ‪Center Bush‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‪Neck Bush‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﯼ ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﻧﻚ ﺑﻮﺵ ‪Neck Bush‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻻﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻼﺱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ )ﻃﻮﻝ (ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﻳﺎﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﮔﻴﺮﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻭﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺤﺚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺸﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ )ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ( ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﻠﺰ ﻭ‪.....‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻧﻚ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ)ﺑﻮﺷﻲ(‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ (‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻝ)ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ( ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ‪Journal Bearings‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺳـﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺟــﻨﺲ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﺗﻨﻈــﻴﻢ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜــﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‬

‫ﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﻨﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺯﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(ﺍﺯﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭ‪ -‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ……‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﺣﺪﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃـﺮﺍﺡ ﻳﺎﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ,‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻫﻴﺮﻭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ‪,‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ‪......‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ‪......‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

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 ‫ﺩ‪-‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴـﻴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪Dampping‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ‪....‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ‪Oil Whirl‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪Oil Whirl‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﻥ ‪,‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ,‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‪ ........‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﻻﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺷـﻼﻕ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎ ﺳـﺒﻜﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﻭﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ Titling Pad‬ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪Titling‬ﻛﻔﺸﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻔﺸـﻚ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺧـﻮﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪Self Aligning‬ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ‪ Damping‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﺍﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻠﻨﭽﻲ‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻨﮕﺰﺑﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﻨﭽﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻝ )ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ( ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻓـﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻭﻳﺎﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ‪.‬ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻌﻠﻲ ﺷـﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩﻳﺎ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻛﻴﻨﮕﺰﺑﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻨﮕﺰﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﻛـﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ‪.‬ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻣﺜـﻞ ﺗﺮﻣﺰﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺴـﻜﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ)ﻟﻨﺖ ﻫﺎ(ﺍﺯﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺑﺎﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻨﮕﺰﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺛﺎﺑﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺩﻳﺴـﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺗﺎ ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ‪.....‬ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻨﮕﺰﺑﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Thrust Pad‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ‪ ٨‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻳﺎ ‪ ٨‬ﺗﻮﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫‪ ١٥‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻳﺎ ‪ ١٥‬ﺗﻮﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﺎﻫﺮﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑﭽﺴـﺒﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺳـﻜﺮﺍﺏ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺿـﺨﺎﻧﺖ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺏ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻝ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ )ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻘﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ (ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ)ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ( ﭘﺸـﺖ ﻟﻘﻤـﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)ﺫﻭﺏ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ)ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۸‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺘﻲ )‪ Babbit‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊ ﻗﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺪ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻳﺎﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﻒ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﻘـﺮﻩ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭼـﺪﻧﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺻﻴﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺑﺴـﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻜﺘـﻪ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﮔﺮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻳﺎﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩ‬

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‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺲ – ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﺎﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮﻥ ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺫﻏﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ‪ .....‬ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛـﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ)‪L‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ( ﭼﻮﻥ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪) D‬ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪≅ 1‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ‪ L‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﺘﻜـﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ)ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ(ﻭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬

‫ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻭﻗﻴﻤـﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺟـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺑـﺎﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺭﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻮﺭﺩﺭﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﭼﻬﺎﺭﺟﺰ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻛﻨﺲ )ﺭﻳﻨﮓ(ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﻛﻨﺲ )ﺭﻳﻨﮓ(ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ)ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺭﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﻳﺎﮔﺮﺩﮔﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻳﺎﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ‪ Ball‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪Ball Bearing‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ )ﺭﻭﻟﺮ(ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪ Roller Bearing‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‪Tapper Roller‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ‪Tapper Roller Bearing‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺹ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ‪Barrel‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ‪Barrel Bearing‬ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺍﻛﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ‪Needle‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ‪Needle Bearing‬ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﮔﺮﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺑﺮﻣﺤـﻮﺭ(ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﮔﺮﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ)ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ(ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﮔﺮﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ‪Angular Contact‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺑﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﮔﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻪ‪Single Row‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﮔﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﻳﻔﻪ‪Double Row‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺟﺰﻫﺮﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺫﻳﻼﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪Ball Bearing‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻳﻔـﻪ ‪ Single Row‬ﻳـﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺩﻳﻔـﻪ‬

‫‪Double Row‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪Radial Bearing‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Angular Contact Ball Bearing‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻧﻴﺰﮔﻔﺘـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭙﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻋﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻝ ﻳﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ‪ Back-To-Back‬ﻭﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ )ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪Out‬‬

‫‪ (Board‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ )ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻝ ( ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪Inboard‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪Self-Aligning Ball Bearing‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ‪,‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ )ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ(ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻃﻮﺑﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫـﺎ‪Alignment‬ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ)ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ( ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ‪Roller Bearing‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺸﮕﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻭﻣﺨﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺨـﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﺎ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺗـﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯﺣـﺮﻭﻑ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ)ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ(ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯﻋﺪﺩﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ)ﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ( ﻫﺮﻛـﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻨﻬـﺎ ﻣﺒـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻋــﺪﺍﺩﺣﻚ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫﺎﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭﺗﻤــﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠــﺎﺗﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻋﻤــﻮﻣﻲ ﻣــﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﺗﺒﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪﻳﺎﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺣﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺯﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﻨﻢ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺯﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﭗ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﺪﺩﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﭘﻨﺞ ﺿـﺮﺏ ﺷـﻮﺩﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛـﻨﺲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪00‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺏ ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪01‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪02‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭺ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪03‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﻔﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺡ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪04‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩﺩﻳﮕﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪.‬ﻋﺪﺩﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺯﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯﭘـﻨﺞ‬

‫ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 0,1,2,3,,4‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺰﭼﻪ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮕـﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻥ‪315‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻥ ‪ ۷۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮕـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﺳـﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻥ‪ 215‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ‪ ۷۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻛـﻼﺱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ) ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﭘﻬﻨﺎ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﻳﺎﺳﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺑﻮﺩﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺜﻼﺍﮔﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ‪6‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ‪ 7‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ‪53‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﻳﻔﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ‪232‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ ‪51‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﻋﺪﺩ‪322,302,303,313‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‪.....‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯﭘﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﭘﺴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎﺭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ‬

‫‪-۴‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ)ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻏﻠﻂ(‬

‫‪-۸‬ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺣﻤﻞ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪ Stuffing Box‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻳﺎﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪Compression Packing‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ)ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ( ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‪ ,‬ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﻮ ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‪ ....‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ‬
‫ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‪........‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻘﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٦١‬‬
 ‫‪-٦‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ)ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟـﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻣﺠﺎﺯﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎﻏﻼﻑ )ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻥ (ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﺼـﺐ ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺳﺖ) ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﺶ ﺯﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ)ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ) ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻭﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪--١‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Packing‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ)ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪--٢‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﻠﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪)Run Out-٣‬ﺩﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﻲ(ﻭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‪ Misaligment‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ )ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ( ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪--٥‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪١٦٢‬‬
 ‫‪--٦‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻦ ‪Lantern Ring‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪--٨‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‪Cavitation‬ﻭ ‪ Suction Loose‬ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Recirculation-٩‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪. Minimum Flow‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ )ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ‪0.4—16‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺳﺨﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪-١٤‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮﺍﺯﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺯﻳﺎﺩﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪Ring Lantern‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ)ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ)ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ( ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ )ﻳﺎﺑﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ(ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ Nonsparking Material‬ﺗﺎﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯﺍﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ‪........‬ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ( ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺍﺯﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺗﻴﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﺶ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ‪ Mandrel‬ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻳﺪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ)ﺑﺎﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ(ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻔﺘﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺯﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻮﺏ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻫﺮﻻﻳﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻭﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺭﺣﺪﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻭﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ‪Lantern Ring‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ)ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺯﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﺸﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯﭼﻨﺪﺑﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ( ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻭﻻﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ)ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﭼﻨﺪﺑﺎﺭﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺟﻠﻮﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺍﺯﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻳﺎﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻛﻨﺪﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪Smothering‬‬
‫‪Gland‬ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﮔﻠﻨﺪﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻭﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﺮﻳﺎﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎﮔﺎﺯﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻚ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﻴﺮﺑﺎﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺣﻼﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﮔﺎﺯﻭﺋﻴﻞ(ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﻧﻮﺳﻲ ﻳﺎﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ‪ Throttle Bush‬ﻭﻳﻚ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺭﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﺟﻮﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﻚ ‪Lip Seal‬ﺩﺭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ‪ Lantern‬ﭘﺸﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ‪Lip Seal‬ﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﺬﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-۵‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ Jacket Cooling‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻜﭙﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ‪Packing Selection‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ,‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫)‪(PH‬ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻳﺎﺍﺯﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪Stuffing Box ID- Shaft Or Sleeve OD‬‬

‫‪Packing Size= ------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺗﺎﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺣﻠﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﻟﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ‪Kem-A-Trix‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺍﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺧﻮﺩﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺯﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪Fibrous‬ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﭘﻮ ﺷﺎﻧﻨﺪﻭﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‪:Kem-A-Trix‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺧﻮﺩﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ)ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ( ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺭﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﺍﺯﺧﻂ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭﻭﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﺳﺎﻳﺰﺷﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ)ﺩﺭﺣﺪﺻﻔﺮ(ﺭﺍﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ)ﺩﺭﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘﻲ‪Kem-A-Trix‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ(ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﭘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻻﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﻤﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺧﻮﺩﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﺯﻳﺮﺍﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪Mechanical Seal‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ(ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ)ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ,‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ,‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﺶ ﺯﺍﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭﺻﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ)ﮔﻠﻨﺪ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺪﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺸﻲ‪ Seal Flush‬ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﺧﻨﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ‪.Self Cleaning‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ)ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻭﺩﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻭﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ‪Stationary Seal Ring‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ‪Rotory Seal Ring‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺻـﺎﻑ ﻭﺻـﻴﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﻛـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ‪Seal Plate‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ Stuffing Box‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﻳﺎ‪Sleeve‬‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧــﺮﺍﺏ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺷــﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜــﺎﻝ ﺳــﻴﻞ ﻫــﺎﺋﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ ﻛــﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺞ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﻣــﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ)ﺩﻭﺍﺭ(ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳـﻴﻞ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻓﻨـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻭﺍﺯﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﺍﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻧﺪﻭﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻳﺎﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ‪Secondary Seals‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻏﻼﻑ‪Sleeve Packing‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﺭﺗﻮﺭﻱ‪Rotory Seal Ring Packing‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ‪Stationary Seal Ring Packing‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻠﻨﺪﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ‪ L-Screw‬ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻩ‪Lock Nut‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺭﻳﻨﮓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﻳﺎﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ(ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪: Flexibox‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪ Flexibox‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‪Statinary Seal Ring‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪Stationary Seal Ring Packing‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ‪Set Screw‬‬
‫‪ -3A‬ﮔﻠﻨﺪ‪Gland Or Sealplate‬‬
‫‪-3B‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪Set Screw‬‬
‫‪-3D‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ‪Safty Bush‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ‪Gland Packing‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻱ‪Rotory Seal Ring‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻱ‪Rotory Seal Ring Packing‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻓﻨﺮ‪Spring‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪Sleeve‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪Sleeve Packing‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ‪:Sealol‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ‪:Sealol‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪Sleeve‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ‪Flat Gasket‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪Screw‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪Nut Compression‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‪Shaft Packing‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪Socket Set Screw‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ‪Gland Packing‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ‪Gland‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﺨﺖ‪Mating Ring‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ‪Bushing‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﭘﻴﭻ‪Screw‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ‪Packing Follower‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺭﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪Inside &Outside Mechanical Seals‬‬
‫‪- ٢‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺗﺎﻳﻲ‪Double&Single Mechanical Seals‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﻠﻪ‪Double Mechanical Seals‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ‪-‬ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ‪Double Tandem Mechanical Seals‬‬
‫ﭖ‪-‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ‪Dual Tandem‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪Pusher&NonPusher Type Mech Seal‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪Rotating&Stationary Floating Mech Seals‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ‪Balanced&Unbalanced Mech Seals‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ‪ Flashing Oil‬ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ)ﻳﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﻼ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ(ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ)ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻨﻚ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ‬

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‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻭﻻﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ‪Balance Line‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪Stuffing Box Throttle Bushing‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ)ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﻭﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻳﺎﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ)ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺗﺮﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ( ﻭﻛﺜﻴﻒ)ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻭﺍﺭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ‪ (.....‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ Neck Bush Or Throttle Bushing‬ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ‪ Throttle Or Neck Bushing‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺣﺒﺲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ)ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ)ﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ(ﺗﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ)ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻴﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪Throttle Bush‬ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺤﻮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻳﺎﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻛﺲ)ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ( ﻳﺎﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ)ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ(ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ)ﻋﺪﻡ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ( ﻭﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ )ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺭﺍﻛﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ(ﻭﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ)ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ(ﻳﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪﻥ)ﻳﺎﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ( ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ)ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ( ﻭﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ‪ ,‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭ‪........‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪DURA SEAL‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﻨﻚ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻧﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻭﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺯﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ‪Cyclon Separator‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﺭﻳﺘﻮﺭﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ )ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻻﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ)ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬

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‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﻮﺍﺩﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﭙﺎﺭﻳﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ‪20psi‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ‪2.5‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪86.3%‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ‪ 13.7%‬ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪Steam Quench‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻚ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﺯﻫﺎﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ)ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ(ﻭﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺏ‪ ,‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ)ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ(ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻚ ﻭﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﭼﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﭼﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﻨﭻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﺯﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ )ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ(ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪ (Stationary‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﻃﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪(Drain‬ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻻ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﺩﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺑﺨﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‪Jacket Cooling‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Jacket Cooling‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺏ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪﻭﺑﺎﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻳﺎﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻧﻴﻔﺘﺪ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ‪ ,‬ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺧﻨﻚ‪ ,‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‪ ,‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪ .......‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﻧﺪﺗﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺩﻣﺎﻭﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﻠﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪.Bent Shaft‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻧﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ‪.Misalignment‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪.Pipe Stress‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ‪.Impller Unbalance‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ‪.Shaft Deflection‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‪.End Play‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪Distorsion‬‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ)ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻨﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪Dry Running-٤‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻳﺎﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻳﺎﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪.Steam Quench‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Jacket Cooling‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫‪-١٤‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٥‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﻨﺮﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻚ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ‬
‫‪-١٦‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬

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‫‪-١٧‬ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ )ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﻥ(‬
‫‪-١٨‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﭖ‪-‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺶ ﻭﺧﻂ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﻥ)ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻓﻨﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ)ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺟﻤﻊ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ)ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ( ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ)ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ(‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪-١٤‬ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫‪ -١٥‬ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﺯﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻳﺎﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫‪-١٦‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺕ‪-‬ﻣﺴﺎ ﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻭﭘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪--٦‬ﺷﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪- ٧‬ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻭ‪......‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﭼﺮﻭﻙ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ)ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻮ ﺷﻜﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ) ﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻮ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ(‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ‪ Set Screw‬ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪١٨٦‬‬
 ‫‪١٢‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺙ‪-‬ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪Face Separation‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻧﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪.Misalignment‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺏ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫‪-٩‬ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺯﻳﺮﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮ‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬
‫‪-١٤‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﺶ ﻫﺎﺩﺭ ‪ Strainer‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﭺ ﻳﺎ ‪.Hammering‬‬
‫‪Recirculation-٦‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ‪ Mesh‬ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺩﻭﻓﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ)ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﺩﺭﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٢‬ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٣‬ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-١٤‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٥‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٦‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪– ١٧‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪(Steam Quench‬‬
‫‪-١۸‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ)ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١۹‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۲۰‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‪ Check Valve‬ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﻜﺲ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢١‬ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢٢‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺸﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻚ‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬

‫‪١٨٨‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪Lubrication‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-1‬ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺟﻠﻮ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪Carrier‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۸‬ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺕ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻭﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺗﺎ ﻟﻄﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ‪VI‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ (‬

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 ‫‪-٤‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻻﺑﻼﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻮ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺎﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٩‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻳﺖ ﺍﺗﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺏ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻭ‪(....‬ﺭﺍﺗﺎﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١١‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺍﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ‪.......‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۲‬ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﻒ ﻧﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻭﺩﻳﺰﻟﻲ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺏ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺏ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺍﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‪ Adetive‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ )ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﺖ ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬـﺎﻱ ﻧﺒـﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ‪ Adetive‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ( ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪Anti Oxidant‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺪﻛﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.Anti Foam‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺿﺪﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪Anti Wear‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺮﻭﻱ‪VI-Improver‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺿﺪﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ‪.....‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻳﻨﮕـﻲ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ‪ Oil Ring‬ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻄـﺮﻑ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺍﺯﺣﺪﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩﻛﻒ)ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ( ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻛﻨﺪ ﭘﺲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻤﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎﻡ ‪Oil Pot‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺭﻭﺩﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺪﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺑﺎﭘﻴﭽﺎﻧـﺪﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﻫـﺎ)ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺷـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺯﺩﻭﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬

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‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺨـﺰﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘــﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ‪Oil Pot‬ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈــﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗــﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕــﻲ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴــﻪ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪:‬ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ‪Oil Pot‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ‪ Oil Pot‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﺳـﻮﺧﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺷـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ‪Oil Ring‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪Oil Ring‬ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪:‬ﺍﮔﺮﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻳﺎ ﺗـﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﻤـﻼ ﻛـﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﺍﺯﺩﺳـﺖ ﺑﺪﻫـﺪ ﭘـﺲ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪Forced Lubrication‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻛﺸـﻴﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﻃـﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺭﻭﻋﻦ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩﺟﺎﻣﺪ(‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ(‬

‫‪-۴‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻭﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺷﻜﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪Safety Valve‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻥ)ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﻳﺎﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ‪ (......‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

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 ‫‪-۶‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ(‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺳﻴﺴﻨﻢ ﻫﺎﻭﺭﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻤﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻃﺖ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪Alarm‬ﻭ ‪Shut‬‬

‫‪Down‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﭖ‪ -‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺫﺣﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻳﺎﺍﻛﻮﻣﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﺫﻭﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ)ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺯﺕ‪ Bleeder‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻋﻤﺎ ﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺕ‪-‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ)ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ(‬

‫ﺙ‪-‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻭﺟﻮﺩﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭺ‪--‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻭﺣﺘﻤﺎﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻧﻨﺪ)ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺪﺯﻧﮓ(‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺎﻫﺮﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ)ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ (ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ )ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫‪Stand By Pump Running- Failure Main Oil Pump‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳـﺪﻙ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺮﻳـﻚ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺭﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﻭﺳﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﺘـﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺳﭙﺲ ﻭﻟﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ‬

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‫ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺴـﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ‪ Setting‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺭﺍﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﻣﺪﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻳـﺪﻙ ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪Filter High Differential Pressure‬‬

‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺍﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ‪Tapping‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ D.P‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ,‬ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﭼﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﭼﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪Shut Down‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ‪.......‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ) ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻮﻟﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ…‪..‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ‪Setting‬ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ) ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ ( ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ……‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪.Cooling Water‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑــﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺯﭘﻤــﭗ ﻳــﺪﻙ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺍﺯﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻴــﻞ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ‪Top Tank‬‬

‫‪,‬ﺍﻛﻮﻣﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ D.C‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪Top Tank‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺟﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﺪﻙ‪ ,‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﻃـﻮﻝ‪Shut Down‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪﺗﺎﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﻮﻣﻮﻻﺗﻮﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪Lube Oil Accumulator‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺒـﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩﺩﻩ ﮔـﺎﻟﻦ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫‪Blader‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﺯﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺯﺕ ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷـﺎﺭﮊﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﺰﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻭﻳﻚ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻴﻮﺏ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺫﺧﻴـﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪﻭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ‪Trip‬ﻛﻨـﺪﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺗﻮﻗـﻒ ﺗـﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬

‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺍﺯﭼﺴـﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﻛــﻚ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌــﺖ ﻣــﻲ ﻛﻨــﺪ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺢ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻫــﻴﭻ ﻭﺟــﻪ ﻧﻤــﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻛﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪﻭﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺰ‪Seiz‬ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﻨﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪Flushing‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻭﺭﻭﺩﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﻭﺯﻧﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﺍ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)ﺑﺎﺩﻗﺖ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ( ﻭﭼـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪﺍﺯﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Flushing‬ﻳﺎﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ Flushing‬ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﻡ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪۳۵‬ﺗﺎ‪ ۵۰‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠـﻲ ﺍﺯﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻼﺷﻴﻨﮓ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺿﺪ ﺯﻧـﮓ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺎﻙ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺭﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺴـﺎﻡ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ Flushing‬ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓـﺬ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪Flushing‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﺗﺎﺑﻬﺘﺮﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺰﺩﺭﺧﻮﺩﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-۴‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ‪Flushing‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻫﺎ‪ ,‬ﻛﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺗﺎﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ‪Flushing‬ﺍﺯﭘﻤــﭗ ﻳــﺪﻙ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ‪ Auxilary Oil Pump‬ﻳﺎﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀــﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺯﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫــﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪ Flushing‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪Blank‬ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ……‪.‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ‪Flush‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ Circulation‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ‪ Blank‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺶ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ( ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺩﺭﻃﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ‪Flushing‬ﺩﺭﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺯﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۹‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪ Flushing‬ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ Flushing‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۲‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﺷـﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭ‪....‬ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻭﻛﻔﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﺩﺭﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۳‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۴‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪۱۵‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺭﮊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﻢ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻟﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ …‪.‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ Depressure‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪ Vent‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻮ ‪ Drain‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺑﺎﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪Vent‬ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪%٨٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ‪ SSU‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪٨٠-٩٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ‪ SSU‬ﺩﺭ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪. ١٤٠-١٧٠‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻛﺲ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ‪٩٠‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﻙ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ‪-١٩/٢‬‬
‫‪١٥/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻔﻴﺪﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠١‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﻫـﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺁﻟـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ) ﺁﺏ ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﻭﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ… ( ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﺋﺰﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺁﻧـﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺏ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺷـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻋﻴﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺟﺪﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻭﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻻﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ PM‬ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﻛﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۲‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻳﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۳‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۴‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۵‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۶‬ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ )ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪-۱۷‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻄﻔﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ )ﺑـﺮﺧﻼﻑ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺻـﻼﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫـﺎﻭ ﺭﻭﺷـﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺸﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۱٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۵٠٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻄﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪﺕ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 400C‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

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 ‫‪-۱‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴـﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺴـﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﻳﻜﺲ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ‪،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏ ﻭ … ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻧﻜـﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺁﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭺ‪-‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ‪-‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺥ‪-‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪-‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫ‪ -‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﺳـﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﮔﺮﺍﺩﻳـﺎﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ‪ ,‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﺍﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ,‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

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‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﺩﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻳــﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯﻟﺤــﺎﻅ ﺷﻜﺴــﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻜــﻮﻟﻲ‪,‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻮﻟﻜــﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ‪........‬ﻧﻴــﺰ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩﺗﺎﺍﺯﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ) ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ (‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﭖ‪-‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ‪-‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ (‪.‬‬

‫ﺙ‪-‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‬

‫‪-١‬ﺍﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﺗﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻓﺮﻭﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٤‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٥‬ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ ﭘﺮﺗﻮﺍﻳﻜﺲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٦‬ﺍﺳﭙﻜﺘﺮﻭﺳﻜﭙﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ )ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ – ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ (‪.‬‬

‫‪-٧‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪:‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺗـﺶ ﺯﺍ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯﺑـﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻼ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻫـﺎ ﺍﺗﻔـﺎﻕ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺮﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ) ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ( ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻟـﻮﺩﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪:‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻳـﻒ ﻣـﺎﺭﻙ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﺮﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ‪) C‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ C1‬ﻭ ‪ C2‬ﻭ ‪ C3‬ﻭ‪( ..‬ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳـﺎ ‪Out‬‬

‫‪ Board‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ‪ ) T‬ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ( ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ T1‬ﻭ ‪ T2‬ﻭ … ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻳﺎ ‪ Cover‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﺎﺭﻙ ‪ C‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ‪ T‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ‪ C‬ﺣـﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻠﻤـﻪ ‪ Coupling‬ﻭ ‪ T‬ﺣـﺮﻑ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ‪ Thrust‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻛـﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ‪Coupling‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻻﻙ ﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻳﺎ‪ Conic‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﻛﺶ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﮔﺎﺯ)ﺑﺮﻧـﺮ(‬

‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﻨـﮓ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺟـﺎﺯ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‪Housing Bearing‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘـﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ)‪(Fit Pin‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‪Ball Bearings‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ‪ Sleeve Bearing‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ ( ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺭﻭﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻳـﺎ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁ ﻥ ‪ Lock nut‬ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ‪ Lock washer‬ﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻳﺎﺟﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺟﺰ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘ ﹰﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ‪Mechanical seal‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﮔﻠﻨـﺪ ﻳـﺎ ‪Seal‬‬

‫‪ Plate‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٦‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ‪Covers‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﭘﻮﺵ ‪ Cover‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ) ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -٧‬ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪Shaft‬‬

‫‪:‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺣﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ) ‪ C‬ﻳﺎ ‪ (T‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ C‬ﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ T‬ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺍﻭﻝ ‪:‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛـﺰ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪Over‬‬

‫‪Hung‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﺍﻱ)ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪٦٣١‬ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻳﺰﻭﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺲ( ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯﺑـﺎﺯ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ﺑﻨـﺪﻝ‪Iner Case‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻨﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻨﺪﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻴﺸـﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻇﺨﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ‪....‬‬
‫‪--۲‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﻱ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ‪Screw‬ﻭ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﻗﻔـﻞ ﻛـﻦ )‪ (Lock Nut‬ﻻﻙ ﻭﺍﺷـﺮ ‪Lock‬‬
‫‪ Washer‬ﻫﺎﻭ‪...‬‬

‫‪٢٠٨‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﻭﭘﻬﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ‪ ....‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﻫﺎ‪ Shaft Sleeve‬ﻭ‪..........‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻻﻏﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ‪Spigot‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ‪ Spacer‬ﻭ ‪.......‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ )ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ(ﻭﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ)ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ( ﺍﻭﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫) ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪Casing‬ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪Wearing Ring‬ﻫـﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺷـﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺗـﺮﻭ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ‪Wearing Ring‬ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻘﺮﺑـﺔ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺳـﭙﺲ‬
‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻼﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ‪Wearing‬‬
‫‪ Ring‬ﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ Tapping‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ Out‬ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﭼﻨﺪﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‪ Center Bush‬ﻭﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‪Neck Bush‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﻭﭼـﻚ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﻴﺸـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻛﺲ)ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻠـﻮﺯﻱ( ﺍﺯﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﺻـﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﻮﺕ ﻭﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩ ﮔـﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﻭﻟﻮﻟﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ‪ Division‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۱۱‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺰﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-۱۲‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺎﺻـﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-۱۳‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻭﺗـﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻧﺼـﺐ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺟﺎﻛﺖ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨـﮓ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺯﻭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۱۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻳﻔﻠﻜﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ‪ Difflector‬ﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫‪-۱۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪ Oil Ring‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻟﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳﺎ‪Oiltrowel‬‬
‫‪-۱۶‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪ Bolt& Nut‬ﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪Stud Bolt‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻗﻄﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٩‬‬
 ‫‪-۱۷‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﺎ‪Key‬ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯﻛﻠﻴﺪﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ‪....‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫‪ -۱۸‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻲ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨـﮓ ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ‪) Assymble‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬
‫‪-۱۹‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪-۲۰‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲۱‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻫﺎﻭﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﻤﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬

‫‪ Center Bush‬ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ Assymble‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ‪ wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﮕﻲ‪،‬ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺵ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻲ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪ R.P.M‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ‪ Pump Shop‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ Assymble‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻲ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ –ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ – ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻭﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬

‫‪٢١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺒﺴـﺎﻁ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺪﻥ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪:‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ‪ Clearance‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺩﺭ‪ Data Sheet‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ‪ :‬ﺻﻴﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﻏﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪) Mating Ring‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ( ﻭﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (Rotary‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ‪ Mating Ring‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﭘـﺎﻟﻴﺶ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺕ‪-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ‪ Shaft Sleeve‬ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻠﻜﺴﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬

‫ﺙ‪-‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻞ ﭘﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻳﺎ‪....‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ)ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﺘـﺎﻝ ( ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﺮﺍﺏ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘ ﹰﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﻛﭽﻞ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻭﻛـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎ ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢١١‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﺎﭘﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺫ ﻳﻼﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪:‬‬

‫ﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﻛﺰﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﻴـﺪﻩ ﻧﺒـﻮﺩﻥ ‪True‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻠﻮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪V‬ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪Axial‬‬

‫‪ Movement‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻧﺞ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ )ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﭽﺴﺒﺪ ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻂ ﻛﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺌﻲ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺗﻴﺰﻱ)ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻚ( ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻋﻜﺲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ( ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑﭽﺴﺒﺪ ‪،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺧﻂ ﻛﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪ Axial Movement‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺧﻂ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗـﺎﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﺷﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ )ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭﺍﺷـﺮ (‬

‫‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢١٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺒﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺑﺎﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ ﺷـﻞ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻫﻤـﻪ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺟﻚ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﻡ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻻﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻛﻨﺪﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺎﺩﻗﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ(ﻭﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺤـﺮﺍﻑ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺋـﺖ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﻚ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺪﺩﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺩﺭﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺭﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺩﺭﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﻳﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻮﻧﻴـﻚ‬

‫)ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ(ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ)ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﻭﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﻤﺮﺯﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﺭﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺩﺭﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﭽﺮﺧـﺪ ﻭ‬

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‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ‪ Forced Lubrication‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ)ﺷـﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ(‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﻴﺮﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺩﺭﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﭽﺮﺧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ‪Clearance‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻭﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ)ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻟــﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷــﺎﺕ(ﻭﻣــﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺧﺴــﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﺳــﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﻗﻄﻌــﺎﺕ ﻭﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﻃــﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌــﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﻳﺸـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ)ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ( ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻭﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﮔـﺮﻡ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻭﺳـﻮﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻃﺒـﻖ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ).‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺉ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﻧـﻴﻢ ﻫـﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ‪Bearing Clearance‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻄـﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺤـﻞ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻭﭘﻴـﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﮔﻴﺞ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(ﻭﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺩﻭﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ)ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺗﻴﻐﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺮﮔﻴﺞ(‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻳﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺑﻲ‪Lead Wire‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻬﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻥ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﺮ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪-٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‪Plastic Gage‬ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻥ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻣـﺪﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻧـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﻣﺰﻳـﺖ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻳﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﻋﺪﺩﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ‪Bearing Clearance‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻛﻔﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺑـﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺑﻴﺖ)ﺑﻀﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻠﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ(ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻟﺒـﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺍﺯ ﺍﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻛﻔﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ‪Tab‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﻭﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎﺷﺶ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻐﺰﺷﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻭﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ)ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ(ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ)ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ(ﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ Bearing Clamp‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻔﺘـﺪ ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﻛﺎﻭﺭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻣـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻭﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺭﺱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺍﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭼﻚ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ‪Crush‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪Bearing Crush‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ Bearing Crush‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ Shell Bearing‬ﺑﺎﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ Lead Wire‬ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻛـﺎﻭﺭﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻛﻔﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺮﺑﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩﻭﻛﺎﻭﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍﺑﺎﺯﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ‪ Crush‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺧﻄﺎﺩﺭﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻔﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻛـﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﺿـﺨﻴﻢ ﺗـﺮﻱ ﺭﺍﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻔـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺋﻲ‬

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‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻭﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﺭﺍﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‪Back Press‬ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ Bearing Crush‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ Thin Shell Type‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﺑﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ Rigid‬ﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻭﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ( ﻭﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻙ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ)ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﺕ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ( ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﮔﻴﺞ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﺰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﻪ ‪Bearing‬‬
‫‪Crush‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻧﻬـﺎﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻣﺠﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﺍﺯﭼﻨﺪﻫﺰﺍﺭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﻳـﺎﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪Bearing Clamp‬ﻳـﺎ‪Back Press‬ﺑـﺎ‪Bearing Crush‬‬
‫ﻭ‪Bearing Tab‬ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺷـﺎﺧﻚ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻭﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﮔﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻬﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﻔﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎ( ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻃﺮﻑ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺑﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺑـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ(ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷـﺎﺧﻚ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛـﺎﻭﺭ ﺑـﺎﻛﻨﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻭﺭﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﮔﺴﻜﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳـﺪ‪.‬ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ)ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎﻝ(ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ )ﺭﺷﺪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ(ﺩﺭﻏﻴـﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﺧﻤﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻣـﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻭﺍﺷـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳــﺪﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﺑﺎﻳــﺪﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﻣــﻞ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﺷــﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻭﺍﺷــﺰﺑﺎ ﻫﻤــﺎﻥ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ)ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﭘﻤــﭗ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺣﺪ(ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

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‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ‪Angular Contact‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﻴـﺮﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ‪Preload‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﻖ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺑــﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫﺎﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻﺩﺭﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫــﺎ ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺑﻠــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪﺗﺎﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﭼـﻮﻥ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﻤـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪﻭﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭﻳـﻚ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﻓﻘﻄﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ)ﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﺮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ( ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﮔﺎﻫﺎﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻫﺎﺭﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ‪Back To Back Mounting‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺭﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺭﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻭﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﻙ ﻧﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﺳـﺪ‬

‫ﻭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪Preload‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺩﺭﺭﻭ‪Face To Face‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛـﻪ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯﻧﺼـﺐ ﻭﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ )ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻔﺖ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛـﺎﻭﺭ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺮﻣﻲ ﺭﺳـﺪﺗﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫‪Preload‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ‪Preload‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺍﮔﺮﺍﺯﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻭﮔـﺮﻡ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻣـﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯﺣـﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﺩﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‪Preload‬ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺑﺎﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑـﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰﺑﻴﻦ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‪Preload‬ﺭﺍﺯﻳﺎﺩﻛﺮﺩﻭﺑـﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﻤﺰﺑﻴﻦ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪Preload‬ﺭﺍﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﭘﺸﺖ ﻭﭼﻪ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺩﺭﺭﻭ ﻓﺮﻗـﻲ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺟﻬـﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺸـﺖ ‪Back To‬‬

‫‪Back‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﺭﺟﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ‪Felexibility‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺑـﺎﻻﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣﻔﺼـﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎﻻﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩﺑـﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪Self Align‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﺟـﺬﺏ ‪Missalignment‬ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻟـﺮﺯﺵ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ‬

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‫ﺍﺯﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺍﻳـﺶ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺩﺭﺭﻭ ﺩﻭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺷـﻮﻧﺪﻭﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺋـﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ‪Self Align‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺭﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ‪ Oil Ring‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ‪Preload‬ﺑﺎﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﻙ ﻧﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ(‬

‫ﺑــﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﻳﻔــﻪ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺗﻤــﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳــﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﺸــﺖ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‪Preload‬ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻳﺎ)‪Tandem(Back To Face‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻴﻢ‬

‫‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ‬

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‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ )ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﻠﻨﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﺭﺍﺟـﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ( ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪-‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑـﺎ ﻻﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻭﻋﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺰﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺗﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﺧﻨﺜـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻭﻳﻚ ﻋـﺪﺩﺑﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺍﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‪ Preload‬ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺎ‪ ,‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ﺍﻱ )ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ( ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺳﻌﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﺍﺯﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟﻬـﻲ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍ ‪Back To‬‬

‫‪Back‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﺍﺟﺰﺍﻭﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﻮﺩﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺎﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺯﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﮔﺮﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻌـﺎﺵ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـﺎ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺎﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺱ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ‪.....‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻃـﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺟﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﺩﺭﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑـﻪ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ( ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺭﺍﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻦ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ)ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ(ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﮔـﺮﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﺒﺴـﺎﻃﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑـﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺪﺭﺍﺩﺭﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ)ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭ(ﻭﻳﺎﻣﺜﺒﺖ)ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ(ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ)ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯﻧﺼـﺐ( ﻭﺩﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ )ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ(ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤــﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴــﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻨــﮓ ﺑﺎﻳــﺪﻛﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷــﺎﻓﺖ ﭘــﺮﺱ ﺷــﻮﺩﺗﺎﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻳﻨــﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺍﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫــﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﺯﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﺣـﺪﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﺎﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻄﺮﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﭽﺴﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﺩﺗـﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻳﺰﺗﻮﺳﺎﻳﺰﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﭽﺮﺧـﺪﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ(ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧـﻲ ﺑﭽﺮﺧـﺪﻭﻛﻨﺲ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗـﺎﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﭼﺮﺧـﺪ(ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﭘﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻭﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺍﺯﺍﺩﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ )ﺑﺎ ﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺭﻭﻟﺮﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ‪(.......‬ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻟﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺳﻮﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻭﺑﺮ ﻳﺎﻳﻚ ﻳﺎﺩﻭﺣﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﻄﺮﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫـﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘــﺎﮊﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺭﺍﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣــﻲ ﺩﻫــﺪ )ﻣــﺜﻼ ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠــﻲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫــﺎ(ﻭﺣــﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻮﭼــﻚ ﻣﺒــﻴﻦ ﺗــﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫــﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ)ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ(ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻄﺮﻭﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒـﺎﻕ ﻭﻋـﺪﺩﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻭﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ)ﺗـﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎ(ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﻧـﻮﻉ)ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ(ﻭﻧﺨـﻮﻩ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬

‫)ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ(ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨـﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨـﮓ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﻭﻓـﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛـﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺍﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺒﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻄﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﺯﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻟﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ISO‬ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺟــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺯﻳــﺮ ﻣﺒــﺰﺍﻥ ﺗــﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫــﺎ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗــﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺣﺴــﺐ ﻗﻄﺮﺷــﺎﻓﺖ ﻫــﺎ ﻋﻴﻨــﺎ ﺍﺯﺟــﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻟﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ISO‬ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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‫ﺑﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻧﻄﺒـﺎﻕ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺗـﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺟـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻛﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺮﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪)۶۲۱۴‬ﻗﻄﺮﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪۷۰‬ﻭﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪۱۲۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ (ﺭﺍﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻞ‪:‬ﺍﺯﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ p6‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ‪k7‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫)ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻣﺒﻨﺎ(ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ‪ ۷۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺎﻳـﺪﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬ﻭﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ‪۱۴۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺑﻜﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻭﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﺍﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٢٩‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﺍﺏ ﭘﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻫـﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺴـﺖ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﺑﺎﺯﺭﺱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺷـﻴﺎﺀ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑـﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨـﮓ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﻧﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺣﻤﻞ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﺪﻙ ﻭﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﺧﻢ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﭘﺮﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﻠـﻮﻥ ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‪....‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺩﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮒ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪ Data Sheet‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ Material‬ﻛﻼﺱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٣٠‬‬
٢٣١
 TABLE D-1 MATERIALS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARTS
MATERIAL CLASS AND MATERIAL CLASS ABBREVATION(CASE/TRIM)

I -1 I -2 S -1 S -3 S -4 S -5 S -6 S -9 C -6 D -6
PART CI CI STL STL STL STL STL STL 12%CHR 5%CHR
CI BRONZE NI RESIST NI RESIST STL STL12%CHR 12%chrom MONEL 12%CHR 12%CHR
EXTERNAL CAST CAST CARBON CARBON CARBON CARBON CARBON CARBON 12% 5%
CASING IRON IRON STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL CHROME CHROME
INNER CASE PART'S CAST CAST CAST CARBON 12% 12% 12%
BRONZE NI RESIST MONEL
(BOWLS-DIFFUSER) IRON IRON IRON STEEL CHROME CHROME CHROME
CAST CAST CARBON CARBON 12% 12% 12%
IMPELLER BRONZE NI RESIST MONEL
IRON IRON STEEL STEEL CHROME CHROME CHROME
CASE WEARING CAST CAST CAST 12%CR 12%CR 12%CR 12%CR
BRONZE NI RESIST MONEL
RING IRON IRON IRON HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED
IMPELLER CAST CAST CAST 12%CR 12%CR 12%CR 12%CR
BRONZE NI RESIST MONEL
WEARING RING IRON IRON IRON HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED
SHAFT CARBON CARBON CARBON CARBON CARBON AISI 4140 12% 12%
AISI 4140 K-MONEL
(note 8) STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL STEEL (note 7) CHROME CHROME
SHAFT SLEEVE 12%CR HARD 12%CR 12%CR Tung.carb 3 Tung.carb 3 Tung.carb 3 K-MONEL Tung.carb 3 Tung.carb 3
PACKED PUMP HARDENED BRONZE HARDENED HARDENED over 12%cr over 12%cr over 12%cr HARDENED over 12%cr over 12%cr
SHAFT SLEEVE 18-8S.S 18-8 SS 18-8 SS 18-8 SS 18-8 SS 18-8 SS 18-8 SS K-MONEL 18-8 SS 18-8 SS
MECANICAL SEAL or.12% cr or 12% cr or 12% cr or 12% cr or 12% cr or 12% cr or 12% cr HARDENED or 12% cr or 12% cr
THROAT CAST CAST CAST 12% 12% 12% 12%
BRONZE NI RESIST MONEL
BUSHINGS IRON IRON IRON CHROME CHROME CHROME CHROME
INTER STAGE CAST CAST CAST 12%CR 12%CR K-MONEL 12%CR 12%CR
BRONZE NI RESIST
SLEEVES IRON IRON IRON HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED
INTER STAGE CAST CAST CAST 12%CR 12%CR K-MONEL 12%CR 12%CR
BRONZE NI RESIST
BUSHINGS IRON IRON IRON HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED HARDENED
LANTERN RING CAST CI OR CAST CAST CAST CAST CAST 12% 12%
MONEL
IF PACKED PUMP IRON BRONZE IRON IRON IRON IRON IRON CHROME CHROME
GLAND WITH PACKING OR CARBON CARBON carbon steel carbon steelcarbon stee carbon steel carbon steel carbon steel 12%cr 12%cr
PLATE REATANING M/S STEEL STEEL (note 9) (note 9) (note 9) (note 9) (note 9) (note 9) (note 9) (note 9)
GLAND STUDS CARBON CARBON K-MONEL
AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140
OR BOLTS STEEL STEEL HARDENED
CASE STUDS CARBON CARBON K-MONEL
AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140 AISI 4140
STEEL STEEL HARDENED
CASE GASKET ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS 18-8 s.s 18-8 s.s 18-8 s.s TEFLON 18-8 s.s 18-8 s.s
COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION COMPOSITION (note 10)

٢٣٢
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮﻛﻼﺱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪C6‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ‪ C-6‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻳﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱ ‪ C-6‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‪ %١٢‬ﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ ASTM‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ AISI 4140‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ ASTM A322 Grade 4140‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ./٨‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١/٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻛﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﻛﺪﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‪Data Sheet‬ﭘﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ‪ BSTEL‬ﻛﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ‪ B‬ﻳﺎ ‪ U‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪B‬ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ B‬ﻳﺎ ‪ D‬ﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ‪ S‬ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻜﻲ ‪ Single Seal‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺣـﺮﻑ ‪ T‬ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ Throttle Bushing‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ E‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪ Stationary‬ﺭﺍﻭﺍﻳﺘﻮﻥ‪ Viton‬ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﭘﻨﺠﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ) ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﻛﻪ ﺣـﺮﻑ ‪ L‬ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺸـﻨﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ Niresist‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗـﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻫﺎﻭﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻭﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭﻛﻠـﺮﻧﺲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻚ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﺘﺮﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﭘﺮﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻭﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ‪Manual Book‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ )ﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ (ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﻠﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻔﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﺭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﻭﺩﻭﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻧﻜـﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﮔﺎﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﮔﺎﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﻃﻔﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺩﺭﻛﻼﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺩﺍﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻃﻔﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﮔﺎﺯﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﺩﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺷﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪) Danger-۱‬ﺧﻄﺮ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺰﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣـﺮﮒ ﺻـﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺣـﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨـﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺍﻧﻬـﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪)Warning-۲‬ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﺻـﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻤﻨـﻲ ﺩﺭﺷـﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻧﻬـﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺎﻣﺠﺮﻭﺡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎﻣﺮﮒ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪)Caution-۳‬ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺟﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻭﻳﺎﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺎﺍﻧﻬـﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪)Note -۴‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺎﺩﻗﺖ ﻭﺣﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺟﺎﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺩﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﻮﺯﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ‪Permit‬ﺍﺯﻭﺍﺣﺪﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺍﺯﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ)ﺑﺎﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪Drain‬ﻭ‪ Vent‬ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺫﻳــﻼ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻬﻤــﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭﺣــﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﺯﺳــﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧــﺎﺭﺝ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫﺎﻭﺑﺨﺼــﻮﺹ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻫــﺎﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﺑﺎﻳﺪﻣﻮﺭﺩﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ Vent‬ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ‪ Drain‬ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻼﻙ ﻫﺎ ‪Plugs‬ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‪Cooling‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ Level Gage -٣‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺣﻔﺎﻅ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﭘﻠﻴﻨﮓ ‪ Coupling Guard‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Blank‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺶ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯﺳﻮﺋﻴﭻ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ)ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ(‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﺯﺍﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺯﻳﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫‪-۲‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺠﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‪Vent‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫‪-۸‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫‪-۹‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﺍﺯﻧﻈﺮﻧﺸﺘﻲ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻭﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ)ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪﺍﺯﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۷‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻳﺎﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪Vent‬ﺑﺎﻳﺬﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻔﺎﻇﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۱‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪Flashing Oil‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۲‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺮﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻏﻴـﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ‪.......‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺐ ﻧﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﺗـﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﻮﺩﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺣـﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺗـﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﻭﺳـﭙﺲ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﭘﻤﭗ ﺳﺮﺩ(ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻣﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻭﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ )ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺛﺮﮔﺮﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺧﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍﻗﻄـﻊ ﻛﻨـﺪ(‬

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‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﺭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﺍﺯﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﻗـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑـﻪ ﺧﻤﻴـﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺩﻳﮕﺮﺧﺴـﺎﺭﺕ ﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻭﺩﻳﮕﺮﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻭﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺭﺍﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﺗﺎﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺗﻮﺭﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺗﻮﺭﺑﻮﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻗـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ‪Turning Gear‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺍﮔﺮﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺳﺮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ)ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺎﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻭﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۵‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﭙﺮﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬

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 ‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪-۷‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻭ‪(......‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻧﻈﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻛﻪ ﺫﻳﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ)‪(Oil Ring‬‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-۷‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍ‬
‫‪-۸‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﭙﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪Flashing Oil‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ ﻭﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻻﻳﻦ ‪Minimum Flow‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫‪-۴‬ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻥ)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻥ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻳﺎﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫‪-۶‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﭼﻚ ﻭﻟﻮﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﭘﻤـﭗ ﻭﻋﻜـﺲ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺪﻙ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﭼﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺯﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮﺩﺭﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺻﺤﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬

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 ‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﺧﻤﻴـﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻭﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪-۵‬ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪Steam Quench‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ )ﻧﺸﺘﻲ(ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻚ ﺩﻫﺪ) ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪Steam Quench‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻚ ﻭﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪﻭﺍﺯﺟﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ(‬
‫‪.-۷‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺑﺎﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ‪Flashing Oil‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻘـﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜـﺎﻝ ﺳـﻴﻞ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺒـﻊ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑـﺎﻛﺲ ﺭﺍﺧﻨـﻚ ﻧﮕـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪Tracing‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯﻣﺎﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺑﺎﺯﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﺍﺯﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‪ ) Stand By‬ﺍﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ(ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﺍﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﻣﺴﻴﺮ‪Warm Up Line‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﭽﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺍﺯﭘﻤﭙﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ( ﺍﺯﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻪ)‪ (Check Valve‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺍﺯﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﻋﻜﺲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ(‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻠﻮﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻭﻟﻮﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻧﻴﺰﺑﺎﻳﺪﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪﺗﺎﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﮔﺮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ )ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ(ﺑﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻨﮓ )ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻓﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺧﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ(ﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﭘﻤـﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺍﻣﭙﺮﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ‪ Over Loading‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺳﻔﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ‪ Packing‬ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪Missalignment‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ )ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ Clearance‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬ﻳﺎﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ)ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ(‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻲ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﭙﺮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪-۱۲‬ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺻﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪Noise & Vibration‬‬

‫‪) Vapor–Locking -١‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ( ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ Suction Lift‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ NPSH‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Alignment-٢‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺷﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ)ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٤٢‬‬
 ‫‪ -٧‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﺷﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ‪. (wearing‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪..Pipe Stress‬‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١١‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‪..Surg Pressure‬‬

‫‪ -١٢‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٣‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۴‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ)ﺯﻳﺮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ ﻓﻠﻮ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۳‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪. Suction Lift‬‬

‫‪-۶‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪. NPSH‬‬

‫‪-۷‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﺩﺭﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪-۸‬ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‪).‬ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻳﺎﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۹‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۱‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ‪ Foot Valve‬ﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۲‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ‪ Wearing Ring‬ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۳‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۴‬ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ)ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‪Vane‬ﻫﺎ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۵‬ﺍﻏﺘﺸﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٤٣‬‬
 ‫‪-۱۶‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻳﻜﺴﻮﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۷‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۸‬ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪Packing‬ﻳﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۹‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲۰‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯﺑﺪﻧﻪ)ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲۱‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ)ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪Division‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲۲‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪-۱‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﭙﺲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‪.Oil Ring‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﻛﭽﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﺼﺐ)ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ‪. (......‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺑﺎﺭﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ )ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻳﺎﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۱‬ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۲‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۴‬ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۵‬ﺳﻔﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ)ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﺮﻧﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۶‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱۰‬ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺏ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ‪Suction Loose‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪-۱‬ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﻮﺍﺍﺯﺯﻳﺮﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۳‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﻓﺸﺎﺭﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۴‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۵‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۶‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻏﻠﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۷‬ﻫﻮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۸‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۹‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺩﻭﺭﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۰‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻜﺶ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۱‬ﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۲‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۳‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﭘﻤﭗ‪.‬‬
‫‪-۱۳‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺤﺒﺲ ﻫﻮﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺩﻛﻨﺪﻳﺎﺍﺗﺶ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺑﺎﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‪Stop‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺍﮔﺮﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯﺣﺪﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﻭﺩﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﭖ‪-‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﭼﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺕ‪-‬ﺍﮔﺮﺑﺎﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻧﺸﺪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺍﺯﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

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‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪٢٤٧‬‬
٢٤٨
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪٢٤٩‬‬
٢٥٠
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ‬

‫‪٢٥١‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ‬

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