‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪ ، 1‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪Alirezaorooji@yahoo.com‬‬
‫‪Sajjad.hosseininia@gmail.com‬‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭ ﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫‪.1‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺴﻠﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫‪.2‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺴﻠﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪ (Black Powder‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺮ ﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫)‪ (Particulates‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺠﻦ )‪ (Slurry‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻢ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﮓ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ )‪ (Fe2O3‬ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :1‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ )‪ (Submicron‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫‪ -2‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪ (Black Powder‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻼﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﭼﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫)‪ (2‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (6‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫)‪ (7‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (8‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻟﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫)‪ (9‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻣﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝ ﭘﻲ ﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :2‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ‪ H2S‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ CO2‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1-3‬ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻴﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺷﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﭘﻴﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﮓ )ﺑﺎﻻ( – ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﮓ )ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ]‪[3‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪Pipesurvey International‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ‪ PH‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺁﺗﺶ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺗﺶ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻴﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺸﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ : 5‬ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﮓ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ‪ -‬ﭘﻴﮓ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 50‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫)ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( ]‪[4‬‬

‫‪ 2-3‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﺍﺕ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ )‪ (submicron‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻩ )‪(Overfill‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺒﻨﻢ ﮔﺎﺯ )‪(Dew Point‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻚ ﻓﻼﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ : 6‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ‪) Particle filter‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( – ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ ‪) Cyclone filter‬ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ(‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪Pall Corporation‬‬

‫‪ 1-2-3‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ‬

‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 0/3‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2-2-3‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 5 -10‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻥ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )‪ (Psi‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :7‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ) ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ‪ 20‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪Pall Corporation‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :8‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :۹‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ – ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺯ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ( ]‪[3‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :10‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ )ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‪ -‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺭﻳﻔﻴﺲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪[7] .‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :11‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ]‪[7‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :12‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲ ) ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ) ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ(‬

‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (DP‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ )‪ (ESD‬ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﺁﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﮓ ﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮﻳﺠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪1393‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪021 – 88671761 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬

‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬، ‫ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬،‫ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬،‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬-1
Oil & Gas Journal
.‫ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻧﻴﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬-۲

3. Methods help remove black powder from gas pipelines Nikolaos A. Tsochatzidis, DEPA SA,
Sidirokastro, Greece, Konstantinos E. Maroulis, DEPA SA, Athens

4. Thermodynamic Analysis of Formation of Black Powder in Sales Gas Pipelines, Dr. Abdelmounam
M. Sherik, Saudi Aramco’s Research and Development Center (R&DC), Dr. Boyd R. Davis,
President of Kingston Process Metallurgy Inc.

5. New Frontiers in Black Powder Removal, Causes, Consequences and Combat, including a Case
Study. Peter van Beugen, M.Sc. University of applied Physics, Delft, the Netherlands; Managing
director of Pipesurvey International, the Netherlands. The Pipeline and Gas Journal, March 1st, 2006.

6. Cleaning pig technology for removal of black powder, International Oil&Gas engineer, Dr Hubert
Lindner, ILI Tool Expert, Technology & Research Center Germany, ROSEN Group, Stans,
Switzerland.

7. Pipeline Contamination Control for the Oil & Gas Industry, Pall Corporation.

8. Black powder, it’s causes and cures, Peter van Beugen, M.Sc. Pipesurvey International, The
Netherlands.

9. Impurities in the Gas Stream, Fred Mueller, President, Mueller Environmental Designs Inc, Houston,
0T 0T

Texas. Mark Null, Principal Engineer, El Paso, Pipeline Group, Houston, Texas.

10. Black Powder: Study examines sources, makeup, in dry gas systems. Abdelmounam M. Sherik,
Science specialist at Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

1393 ‫ ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ 021 – 88671761 :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬:‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
 The Role of Gas Pipeline Black Powder in Process Plant Problems,
Diagnostics and Solutions

Alireza Orooji, S.Sajjad Hosseininia

Alirezaorooji@yahoo.com

Sajjad.hosseininia@gmail.com

Abstract

Black Powder is a typical contaminant in transmission pipelines. It is known for being detrimental to
pipeline equipment and for causing operation and maintenance issues. Understanding its physical
characteristics and its nature is necessary for pipeline operators in order to consider the appropriate
separation technology, and to assess the possible root causes of its formation. Different types of
separation technologies exist to remove solid contaminants from pipelines, but their efficiency can be
inadequate.
Pigging and the installation of a high-performance, properly designed filter is an efficient and cost-
effective solutions to enhance the reliability of pipeline operation. The most common means of dealing
with black powder is filtering it just before it enters a compressor station or processing plant. Various
filter technologies and names are usually specified and supplied as a part of the compressor design
package when the unit is installed.
Other separation technologies can also be considered to remove liquid water from pipelines, as a means to
remove one source of the formation of Black Powder.

Key Words: Black Powder, Gas Pipeline, Pigging, Filtration

1. Process Engineer, Pardis Petrochemical Company, Assaluyeh, Bushehr, Iran.

2. Process Engineer, Pardis Petrochemical Company, Assaluyeh, Bushehr, Iran.

1393 ‫ ﻳﻜﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ 021 – 88671761 :‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬:‫ﻣﺠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬