Simple Past Verbal: Subject Sigal words

Tense (+) S + V2 + O I, You, We, They  Yesterday

You bought a new book yesterday (didn’t, Did)  Last day
 Last weekend
(-) S + didn’t / doesn’t + V1 + O He, She, It  Two hours ago
You didn’t buy a new book yesterday (doesn’t, Does)  Last night
 1 year ago
(?) Did/ Does + S + V1 + O + ?
Did You buy a new book yesterday?  3 weeks ago

Answer:
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t

Nominal: Subject
(+) S + was/ were + O You, We, They
You were happy yesterday (weren’t, were)

(-) S + wasn’t / weren’t + O I, He, She, It

You weren’t happy yesterday (wasn’t, Was)

(?) Was/ Were + S + O + ?

were You happy yesterday?

Answer:
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t

Present Verbal: Subject Sigal words

continous (+) S + to be + Ving + O I (am not)  Now
Tense You are buying a new book now  Just now
You, We, They  At the moment
(-) S + to be + isn’t / aren’t + Ving + O (aren’t, Are)  This morning, evening
You aren’t buying a new book now  Tonight
He, She, It
 Next .....
(?) Is/ Are + S + Ving + O + ? (isn’t, Is)
Are You buying a new book now?  Today
 Right now
Answer:
Yes, I am
No, I am not

Verbal: Subject
Past (+) S + was/ were + Ving + O You, We, They
Continuos You were buying a new book (weren’t, were)
Tense
(-) S + wasn’t / weren’t + Ving + O I, He, She, It
You weren’t buying a new book (wasn’t, Was)

(?) Was/ Were + S + O + ?

were You buying a new book?
 Answer:
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t

Verbal : Subject Sigal words

Present (+) S + has/ have + V3 + O I, You, We, They  Ever
Perfect You have bought a new book (haven’t, Have)  Never
Tense  Since
(-) S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3 + O He, She, It  Already
You haven’t bought a new book (hasn’t, Has)  Yet
 Recently
(?) Has / Have + S + V3 + O + ?
Have You bought a new book?

Present Nominal: Subject

Perfect I, You, We, They
Tense (+) S + has/ have + been + Nominal (haven’t been, Have)
You have been a doctor
He, She, It
(-) S + hasn’t / haven’t + been + Nominal (hasn’t been, Has)
You haven’t been a doctor

(?) Has / Have + S + been + Nominal + ?

Have You been a doctor?

Answer:
Yes, Have
No, I haven’t

Verbal: Subject Signal words

Future (+) S + shall/ will + V1 + O I (shall not, Shall)  Tomorrow
Tense You will buy a new book tomorrow  Tonight
Unplanned He She It, You, We,  Probably
(-) S + Shall / will + not + V1 + O They  Next year
You will not buy a new book tomorrow (will not, Will)  Next month
 The day after tomorrow
(?) Shall/ Will + S + V1 + O + ?
Will You buy a new book tomorrow?

Answer:
Yes, I will
No, I will not
 Verbal: Subject Signal words
Future (+) S + to be + going to + V1 + O I (shall not, Shall)  Tomorrow
Tense You are going to buy a new book  Tonight
(Planned He She It, You, We,  Probably
(-) S + to be + not + going to + V1 + O They  Next year
You are not going buy a new book (will not, Will)  Next month
 The day after tomorrow
(?) to be + not + going to + V1 + O
Are You going to buy a new book?

Answer:
Yes, I am
No, I am not