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SCHOOL FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING

REG.NO 73/I 04 10 C/ MS/ Bhs /’99

Address : Pahlawan Village – Depan Masjid Jami’ GentengWetan
Fax(0333) 848756 Mobile.081336402222/085204558301

AURELLIA SABELA FAIZ

TENSES
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1. S. Present
→ To express our daily activity and general truth

+ S + to be + noun

– S + to be + not + noun
N
Yes, S + to be
? To be + S + noun +?
No, S + to be + not

He + S + V1 es/s + O + C

She – S + does not + V1 + O + C

V
Yes, S + does
It ? Does + S + V1 + O + C
No, S + does + not

+ S + V1 + O + C

– S + do not + V1 + O + C

Yes, S + do
? Do + S + V1 + O + C
No, S + do + not

Time signals: Every week, every year, every month.

Adverb of Frequency: Usually, seldom, normally ,……….

2. S. Present Continuous
→ To express our activities that happen now

+ S + to be + V ing + O + C

– S + to be + not + V ing + O + C
V
Yes, S + to be
? To be + S + V ing + O + C + ?
No, S + to be + not

Time signals: Now, right now, today, at present, at this moment, tonight
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3. S. Present Perfect
→ To express our activities that happens in the past time but still has relation with the time
now

+ S + has / have + been + N

– S + has / have + not + been + N

N
Yes, S + has / have
? Has / have + S + been + N + ?
No, S + has / have + not

+ S + has / have + V3 + O + C

– S + has / have + not + V3 + O + C

V
Yes, S + has / have
? Has / have + S + V3 + O + C + ?
No, S + has / have + not

Time signals: Since yesterday, for six months, yet. already, recently

4. S. Present Perfect Continuous

→ To express our activities that started in the past time and still continue until now.

+ S + has / have + been + V ing + O + C

– S + has / have + not + been + V ing + O + C

V
Yes, S + has / have
? Has / have + S + been + V ing + O + C +?
No, S + has / have + not

Time signals: Since, for, the whole day yesterday, all morning last Friday.

5. S. Past
→ To express our activities that happens in the past time.
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+ S + was / were + N

– S + was / were + not + N

N
Yes, S + was / were
? Was / were + S + N +?
No, S + was / were + not

+ S + V2 + O + C

– S + did not + V1 + O + C
V
Yes, S + did
? Did + S + V1 + O + C +?
No, S + did + not

Time signals: Last year, yesterday, last month. Five minutes ago, just now, this morning……….

6. S. Past Continuous
→ To express our activities that was happening in the past time.

+ S + was / were + V ing + O + C

– S + was / were + not + V ing + been + O + C

V
Yes, S + was / were
? Was / were + S + V ing + O + C +?
No, S + was / were + not

Time signals: When, all day, while.

7. S. Past Perfect
→ to express our activities which is completed before another activity in the past.

+ S + had + been + N

– S + had + not + been + N

N
Yes, S + had
? Had + S + been + N +?
No, S + had + not

V + S + had + V3 + O + C
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– S + had + not + V3 + O + C

Yes, S + had
? Had + S + V3 + O + C +?
No, S + had + not

Time signal: Before, until, after. As soon as, when

8. S. Perfect Continuous
→ To express an activities or action that takes place over a period time in the past prior, to
some other past event.

+ S + had + been + V ing + O + C

– S + had + not + been + V ing + O + C

V
Yes, S + had
? Had + S + been + V ing + O + C +?
No, S + had + not

Time signal: When ….

9. S. Future
→ To express our activity that happens in the future.

+ S + shall / will + be + N

– S + shan’t / won’t + be + N
N
Yes, S + shall / will
? Shall / will + S + be + N +?
No, S + shan’t / won’t

# Showing About Promise / Willingness

+ S + shall / will + V1 + O + C

– S + shan’t / won’t + V1 + O + C
V
Yes, S + shall / will
? Shall / will + S + V1 + O + C + ?
No, S + shall / will + not
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# Showing About Plan

+ S + to be + going + to + V1 + O + C

– S + to be + not + going + to + V1 + O + C
V
Yes, S + to be
? To be + S + going + to + V1 + O + C +?
No, S + to be + not

Time signal: Next week, next month, next year

10. S. Future Continuous

→ To express an activity or action that will be continuing in the future

+ S + shall / will + be + V ing + O + C

– S + shall / will + not + be + V ing + O + C

V
Yes, S + shall / will
Shall / will + S + be + V ing + O + C
?
+? No, S + shall / will + not

Time signal: At this time tomorrow morning, at five next week, at this month next year

11. S. Future Perfect

→ To express our activity that will be completed by a certain future time

+ S + shall / will + have + been + N

– S + shall / will + not + have + been + N

N
Yes, S + shall / will
? Shall / will + S + have + been + N + ?
No, S + shan’t / won’t

+ S + shall / will + have + V3 + O + C

– S + shall / will + not + have + V3 + O + C

V
Yes, S + shall / will
? Shall / will + S + have + V3 + O + C + ?
No, S + shall / will + not

Time signal: By the end of this year, by the time ………..

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S. Future Perfect Continuous

→ To express our activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future.

+ S + shall / will + have + been + V ing + O + C

– S + shall / will + not + have + been + V ing + O + C

V
Yes, S + shall / will
Shall / will + S + have + been + V ing + O + C
?
+? No, S + shall / will + not

Time signal: By the end of this semester, by the time of thus Christmas.

12. S. Past Future

→ Untuk menyatakan waktu yang akan datang pada waktu lampau.

+ S + should / would + be + N

– S + should / would + not + be + N

N
Yes, S + should / would
? Should / would + S + be + N + ?
No, S + should / would + not

+ S + should / would + V1 + O + C

– S + should / would + not + V1 + O + C

V
Yes, S + should / would
? Should / would + S + V1 + O + C + ?
No, S + should / would + not

Time signal: Past Future … if … past.

13. S. Future Continuous

→ Untuk mengatakan perbuatan yang akan, sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau

+ S + should / would + be + V ing + O + C

– S + should / would + not + be + V ing + O + C

V
Yes, S + should / would
? Should / would + S + be + V ing + O + C + ?
No, S + should / would not

Time signal: At nine yesterday…

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14. S. Past Future Perfect

→ Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan telah selesai di waktu lampau.

+ S + should / would + have + been + N

– S + should / would + not + have + been + N

N
Yes, S + should / would
? Should / would + S + have + been + N + ?
No, S + should / would + not

+ S + should / would + have + V3 + O + C

– S + should / would + not + have + V3 + O + C

V
Yes, S + should / would
? Should / would + S + have + V3 + O + C + ?
No, S + should / would + not

Time signal: Past Future Perfect … If … Past Prefect.

15. S. Past Future Perfect Continuous

→ Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau

+ S + should / would + have + been + V ing + O + C

– S + should / would + not + have + been + V ing + O + C

Yes, S + should / would

? Should / would + S + have + been + V ing O + C + ?
No, S + should / would + not

Time signal: By last Christmas, by the end of this month last year
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