Disorders of Respiratory system

Asthma
* :
Hypersensitivity allergy or
-

vasodilation
lumen
→ AYE:(
Alas cells
:
Histamine *- lumen narrow
> -

wall molto
lumen Chhoti
7- s .

Bronchi Broncho constriction

d

Remedy Usage of airwayd

narrow
-

Broncho dilators

( Antihistamine Breathing difficulty

Adrenaline
Ephed-r-ine.de)
Bronchitis inflammation Bronchi
*
of
-

due to
infection
 chronic
Emphysema cigarette smoking
* -

d
alveolar walls
damages d
decreases SA alveoli
d
of
died
gaseous exchange
* OLD -

Occupational lung disorder

Glass
} industry lung alveoli
→ dust collect in
cement
d
l Asbestos) lungs
pnuimo-com-T.si?st macrophages accumulation
silica dust → silicosis t
Asbestos dust Asbestosis

flung fibrosis
→

siderosis
Iron dust →

f
Byssinosis
cotton dust lose
elasticity of lungs
→

can
cause d

lungcancer Breathing capacitydad

 Atelectasis alveoli
lung
:
*
collapse of
-

Asphyxia Tse
suffocation
*

body
:
"
in
Co2 conc in tissue →
-

*
Eupnoea
-
Normal
breathing ( 12-16 times
/ minute )
Thing ↳ measured
by Ganong 's
*
Hyp#pnoea slow
breathing respirometa )
-

*
Hyp_a_pnoea
-

Rapid breathing
*
Apnoea → No
breathing
¥
Dyspnea -

Painful breathing (except in

upright position )
Diplococcus
Difficulty breathing
* Ortho → in
pnoea or

Yep toques
Pneumonia →
Infection of virus
,
fungi ,
bacteria
pneumoniae
Tuberculosis
-g
L Haemophilus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
influenzae
.

BCG vaccine
Guerin
>Calmelk# -
Scientist
 Pertussis Bordetella
*

whooping cough /
→

Infection of pertussis
(
Kali Khasi )

*
H#⑥pno%a -
how
cog
Hyper CapÑa High CO2
* -

Altitude sickness
how 02mi tissues
or
*
-

mountain sickness
to stimulates
t
- kidney ( Juxta
glomerular
cells
IG cells )
) 02 density d in

wÉ÷ÉEi ÷
t d
air

secrete
Erythropoietin hormone
posed
1+0
fifes
a
0 Bone marrow
02 conch dd
I .

Hypoxia
.

9 d
RBC
d

d
d
f
arteriole h¥ is

Efferent
 Ey -

By Reflex
over
inflation of lungs
I
stretch
receptors in
respiratory tract
activated
get t
sneezed
to Medulla
signal
I
shut down
of IC
/ DRG
trigeminal
*
Coughing
Reflex
: -
cilia
I
activation ELITE
stimulates
d
receptors in bronchi & bronchial are wall

vagus ygerne 4 gtossophpgryngeal nerves

signal Vagus
to brain

2 , phrenic nerve

Diaphragm
>
contract
I
inhalation ) & vocal
T High amount
of air [ Deep
cords
I
air is
pushed relaxes closed
Diaphragm
←

forcefully
 vocal cords True vocal cords
=foundbo# ⇐
Larynx
*
membranous
>
False vocal cords

hade folds appose

up of

si
Epiglottis
hynrd
cricoid TY
cartilage
cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
cuneiform cartilage
corniculate cartilage
} Paired

hyaline
courage
idiotic
with
Note → Intra pleural pressure Trans
pulmonary pressure
d PTP

Difference between

÷÷÷ pulmonary
Intra pressure
:
has
Intra
and Intra
In
pleural
pulmonary pressure
pressure .

(Ip)
C- 4mm
of Hg ) Ipl > Ip
or

Pep = Palo / IPL -

Ip intra
alveolar
( t)
pressure
 Pulmonary
Chronic Obstructive disorder
* COPD →

↳ Bronchitis
Types
→

↳ Emphysema